期刊
FUEL
卷 307, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121891
关键词
Horizontal jet flame; Sub-atmospheric pressure; Flame morphology; Dimensional analysis; Integral model
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51906240, 51636008]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2320000046]
This study investigates the flame morphology of horizontal turbulent jets under different sub-atmospheric pressures, showing that the flame horizontal projection length increases with the heat release rate, while the flame vertical height exhibits a non-monotonic behavior. By using non-dimensional formulas and characteristic length scale, the flame characteristics under various sub-atmospheric pressures are described accurately. The developed integral model takes into account air entrainment mechanism, top hat profiles, and strong plume theory, providing a good representation of the flame morphologic characteristics.
This paper investigated the flame morphology including horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal turbulent jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures, for which both data and model are few. Experiments are conducted for various nozzle diameters in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm. Propane is used as the fuel in this study. The sub-atmospheric pressures, created by a reduced pressure chamber, are varied from 40 kPa to 100 kPa. A digital video camera is used to measure the flame morphologic characteristics. The experimental results show that the flame horizontal projection length increases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure. Meanwhile, the flame vertical height first increases then decreases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure, which shows a non-monotonic behavior. A characteristic length scale is proposed by dimensional analysis considering jet initial momentum, flame buoyancy and ambient air density to illustrate the controlling mechanisms in the flow development. And the characteristic air entrainment flow rate rho L-infinity(m)2 root g ' L-m m is used to normalize the stoichiometric mass flow rate at the flame tip, which determines the total length of the trajectory. Non-dimensional formulas are developed based on the derived length scale and characteristic air entrainment flow rate to describe the flame horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures. Finally, an integral model considering air entrainment mechanism, top hat profiles and strong plume theory for the conservation of mass and momentum in horizontal and vertical directions is developed, which shows to describe the flame morphologic characteristics well.
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