Article
Immunology
Matthew K. Hensley, William G. Bain, Jana Jacobs, Sham Nambulli, Urvi Parikh, Anthony Cillo, Brittany Staines, Amy Heaps, Michele D. Sobolewski, Linda J. Rennick, Bernard J. C. Macatangay, Cynthia Klamar-Blain, Georgios D. Kitsios, Barbara Methe, Ashwin Somasundaram, Tullia C. Bruno, Carly Cardello, Feng Shan, Creg Workman, Prabir Ray, Anuradha Ray, Janet Lee, Rahil Sethi, William E. Schwarzmann, Mark S. Ladinsky, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Dario A. Vignali, W. Paul Duprex, Mounzer E. Agha, John W. Mellors, Kevin D. McCormick, Alison Morris, Ghady Haidar
Summary: This study reports a case of a recipient of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy who developed severe COVID-19 with prolonged viral replication and evolution, along with minimal immune response, suggesting the possibility of prolonged transmission from immunosuppressed patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nandan Gautam, Shyam Madathil, Natascia Tahani, Shaun Bolton, Dhruv Parekh, James Stockley, Shraddha Goyal, Hannah Qureshi, Sadhika Yasmin, Brendan G. Cooper, Jennifer Short, Tarekegn Geberhiwot
Summary: A study found that a significant proportion of severely ill COVID-19 patients still experience symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, pain, reduced mobility, depression, and decreased quality of life 4-7 months after disease onset, with symptomatic patients having more residual chest radiographic and LFT abnormalities.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emre Urhan, Zuleyha Karaca, Gamze Kalin Unuvar, Kursat Gundogan, Kursad Unluhizarci
Summary: COVID-19 infection may affect pituitary functions, particularly the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) and growth hormone (GH) axes. These deficiencies should be considered in post-COVID follow-up. Long-term data are needed to determine whether these deficits are permanent.
Article
Immunology
Muge Cevik, Julia L. Marcus, Caroline Buckee, Tara C. Smith
Summary: Understanding how the virus is transmitted is crucial in identifying high-risk environments and activities for effective preventative measures implementation. Contact tracing and household studies provide robust evidence about transmission parameters. Transmission dynamics should guide policy decisions to target interventions to settings, activities, and socioeconomic factors with the highest risks of transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minwoo Kim, Hee Cho, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Hae-Gwang Jung, Han Young Seo, Ji-Su Kim, Youn-Jung Lee, Jun Yong Choi, In Ho Park, Jeon-Soo Shin, Seong-Jun Kim, Jong-Won Oh
Summary: Xanthorrhizol (XNT), a natural compound, has shown potent antiviral efficacy against SCoV2 and related coronaviruses in vitro, including prevalent variants, while having minimal effect on hepatitis C virus and noroviruses. Its mechanism of action against CoVs remains unknown, but XNT shows promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.
Article
Immunology
Kristen K. Coleman, Douglas Jie Wen Tay, Kai Sen Tan, Sean Wei Xiang Ong, The Son Than, Ming Hui Koh, Yi Qing Chin, Haziq Nasir, Tze Minn Mak, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Donald K. Milton, Vincent T. K. Chow, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Mark Chen, Kwok Wai Tham
Summary: The study found that fine aerosols generated during talking and singing contain more SARS-CoV-2 copies than coarse aerosols, potentially playing a key role in virus transmission. Patients in earlier stages of illness were more likely to emit detectable RNA, highlighting the importance of addressing fine aerosol exposure, especially in indoor settings. Challenges remain in isolating viable SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory aerosol samples, prompting the need for larger-scale studies on emerging variants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Pia Egerup, Line Fich Olsen, Ann-Marie Hellerung Christiansen, David Westergaard, Elin Rosenbek Severinsen, Kathrine Vauvert Rommelmayer Hviid, Astrid Marie Kolte, Amalie Dyhrberg Boje, Marie-Louise Mathilde Friis Bertelsen, Lisbeth Praetorius, Anne Zedeler, Josefine Reinhardt Nielsen, Didi Bang, Sine Berntsen, Jeppe Ethelberg-Findsen, Ditte Marie Storm, Judith Bello-Rodriguez, Andreas Ingham, Joaquim Olle-Lopez, Eva R. Hoffmann, Charlotte Wilken-Jensen, Lone Krebs, Finn Stener Jorgensen, Henrik Westh, Henrik Lovendahl Jorgensen, Nina la Cour Freiesleben, Henriette Svarre Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in parturient women, their partners, and newborns, and the association with obstetric and neonatal outcomes. No association was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection and obstetric or neonatal complications, but some newborns born to mothers with antibodies had SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at birth. The study was limited by a lack of statistical power to detect small but potentially meaningful differences between those with and without evidence of infection.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sahar Saeed, Sheila F. O'Brien, Kento Abe, Qi-Long Yi, Bhavisha Rathod, Jenny Wang, Mahya Fazel-Zarandi, Ashleigh Tuite, David Fisman, Heidi Wood, Karen Colwill, Anne-Claude Gingras, Steven J. Drews
Summary: Our study found 13 unique diagnostic phenotypes; only 32 samples (0.4%) were positive by all assays. Bayesian Latent Class Models corrected for imperfect test characteristics and waning IgG antibody signals, predicting a slight increase in seroprevalence over time. Spike had the highest sensitivity (93.5%) while the sensitivity of the Abbott-NP assay decreased over time.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Frida Rivera, Nasia Safdar, Nathan Ledeboer, Grace Schaack, Derrick J. Chen, L. Silvia Munoz-Price
Summary: The study found that the prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% or lower at both hospital systems in two counties in Wisconsin, despite the higher incidence of COVID-19 in Milwaukee County.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zoltan Kontos
Summary: The study evaluated the virucidal activity of an aqueous solution of Iodine-V (EID) against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting its potential as an effective strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Anna Gatell, Pepe Serrano, Mireia Biosca, Ferran Campillo, Ramon Capdevila, Anna Fabrega, Zulema Lobato, Nuria Lopez, Ana Ma Moreno, Miriam Poblet, Maria Teresa Riera-Bosch, Neus Rius, Montserrat Ruiz, Almudena Sanchez, Cinta Valldeperez, Monica Vila, Valenti Pineda, Uxue Lazcano, Yesika Diaz, Juliana Reyes-Uruena, Pere Soler-Palacin
Summary: The study conducted in Catalonia, Spain, found that the majority of pediatric COVID-19 cases were transmitted from adults, suggesting that children are less likely to cause household COVID-19 clusters. The secondary attack rate was significantly lower during the school period when children were the index case, compared to the summer period and adults, indicating a lower transmission risk from children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
James T. Lee, Elisabeth M. Hesse, Heather N. Paulin, Deblina Datta, Lee S. Katz, Amish Talwar, Gregory Chang, Romeo R. Galang, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Azaibi Tamin, Natalie J. Thornburg, Karen K. Wong, Valerie Stevens, Kaylee Kim, Suxiang Tong, Bin Zhou, Krista Queen, Jan Drobeniuc, Jennifer M. Folster, D. Joseph Sexton, Sumathi Ramachandran, Hannah Browne, John Iskander, Kiren Mitruka
Summary: The investigation on potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases in the United States from May to July 2020 did not confirm any cases within 90 days of the initial infection. The findings support current CDC guidance on quarantine and testing for patients who have recovered from COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Can Li, Zhanhong Ye, Anna Jin-Xia Zhang, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Wenchen Song, Feifei Liu, Yanxia Chen, Mike Yat-Wah Kwan, Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee, Yan Zhao, Bosco Ho-Yin Wong, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Jian-Piao Cai, David Christopher Lung, Siddharth Sridhar, Dongyan Jin, Hin Chu, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute testicular damage leading to chronic asymmetric testicular atrophy and hormonal changes in hamsters, which can be prevented by vaccination. Awareness of possible hypogonadism and subfertility is important in managing convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 in males.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jana L. Jacobs, William Bain, Asma Naqvi, Brittany Staines, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Haopu Yang, Valerie F. Boltz, Simon Barratt-Boyes, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Stephanie L. Mitchell, Barbara Methe, Tolani F. Olonisakin, Ghady Haidar, Thomas W. Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Thomas Denny, Chris W. Woods, Bryan J. McVerry, Janet S. Lee, Simon C. Watkins, Claudette M. St Croix, Alison Morris, Mary F. Kearney, Mark S. Ladinsky, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Georgios D. Kitsios, John W. Mellors
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 vRNA was detected in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, with the highest rates in ICU patients. Higher levels of vRNA were associated with more severe disease, patient outcomes, and specific inflammatory biomarkers.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Charles W. Stratton, Yi-Wei Tang, Hongzhou Lu
Summary: COVID-19 is considered a global public health emergency and therapy should be based on the pathogenic mechanisms, including testing and treatment, correcting hypoxia, reducing viral load, addressing hyperinflammation, and hypercoagulability, among six major therapeutic goals identified.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)