Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shreyas Shetty, Brian R. Pinkard, Igor Novosselov
Summary: A novel single-stage solvolysis process using 50 wt% acetic acid solution under subcritical conditions is demonstrated for recycling carbon fibers from an epoxy-based composite material. The process achieves 100% fiber recovery efficiency in a short period of time and without any resin residue on the recovered fibers or damage to the carbon fiber surfaces.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hongzhi Feng, Xiwei Xu, Binbo Wang, Yi Su, Yanlin Liu, Chuanzhi Zhang, Jin Zhu, Songqi Ma
Summary: This study successfully prepared a closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite through in-situ polymerization and dynamic cross-linking technology. The degraded CFRP can be transformed into high-quality recycled carbon fiber and linear polymer under mild acidic conditions. The CFRP also demonstrated multiple functions such as rapid welding, reprocessing, shape shifting, and self-healing due to the dynamic feature of the matrix. The strategy of embedding a releasable linker is crucial for the preparation of closed-loop recyclable and multifunctional CFRP.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zixin Li, Mingfei Xing, Li Zhao, Zhan Li, Yaping Wang
Summary: A novel and cost-effective method for recycling carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was developed using a dimethylacetamide (DMAC) swelling technique. The method achieved rapid delamination of CFRP laminates, resulting in high-value single carbon fiber layers with excellent performance. The delamination products were molded into new CFRP laminates, which exhibited comparable strength to the original laminates. The study provides a low-cost and high-value strategy for CFRP waste recycling.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chen -Wei Liu, Wei-Jiun Hong, Bo-Tai Yang, Chi-Wen Lin, Lin-Chi Wang, Chun-Chi Chen
Summary: This study presents a novel recycling method for carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) using a mixture of deep eutectic solvents and metal salt catalysts. The method allows for the effective recovery of both carbon fibers and epoxy resin from CFRPs, with the recovered carbon fibers retaining a high strength.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kotaro Kawajiri, Michio Kobayashi
Summary: Waste derived from manufacturing processes and end-of-life products of the transportation industry is a global concern. This study analyzed the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) recycling process to assess its environmental friendliness. The results showed that recycling methods can significantly reduce environmental impacts and have lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to producing virgin carbon fibers.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zehan Yu, Y. Justin Lim, Travis Williams, Steven Nutt
Summary: We propose an electrochemical process to recycle carbon fiber (CF) fabrics from amine-epoxy carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). By using a Kolbe-like mechanism, methyl radicals are generated from CH3COOH to break C-N bonds within epoxy matrices through hydrogen atom abstraction. The recovered CFs can be directly remanufactured into CFRPs without resizing.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pitcha Jongvivatsakul, Chanachai Thongchom, Amaras Mathuros, Tosporn Prasertsri, Musa Adamu, Shanya Orasutthikul, Akhrawat Lenwari, Tawatchai Charainpanitkul
Summary: This study investigates the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as additives to enhance the bonding strength between concrete and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). By adding different types and weight percentages of CNTs to epoxy, single-shear tests were conducted to analyze the bonding behavior. The results show that a certain proportion of CNTs modified epoxy can improve the bonding strength and interfacial fracture energy.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Prashant Gangwani, Mitjan Kalin, Nazanin Emami
Summary: In this study, the effectiveness of compatibilizers in blends and composites produced using a solvent manufacturing process was evaluated. The findings revealed that while the compatibilizers consistently enhanced the properties of PPS-based compositions, their utility is constrained to less complex compositions. For fibrous-reinforced PPS-PTFE composites, the improvement in performance does not justify the presence of compatibilizers. In contrast, for UHMWPE compositions, compatibilizers demonstrated negligible or even detrimental effects, particularly in reinforced UHMWPE. Overall, the epoxy-based compatibilizer Joncryl stands out as the only effective option for enhancing mechanical performance. Thermal and chemical characterization indicated that the compatibilizers function as chain extenders and enhance the fiber-matrix interface in PPS-based compositions, while they remain inactive in UHMWPE-based compositions.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Sibel Yildiz, Bagdagul Karaagac, Selen Gul Guzelis
Summary: Using composite waste as filler can result in a more thixotropic resin for easier gel-coat application and reduce linear shrinkage in resulting composites. Despite a tolerable loss in mechanical properties, larger waste particles lead to a 50-degree Celsius increase in glass transition temperature.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui Guo, Chenggao Li, Yanzhao Niu, Guijun Xian
Summary: This review paper provides the most relevant and up-to-date information on the fatigue of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites, including the factors influencing fatigue performance, fatigue damage mechanism, and characterization methods. The research results show that material constituents, service environments, and cyclic loads significantly affect the fatigue performances of CFRP composites. The fatigue damage mechanism of CFRP composites is complex and requires the establishment of theoretical prediction models.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Okan Celik, Abdulkadir Yasar, Berkay Karacor
Summary: Driven by environmental concerns and sustainability issues, researchers have developed novel composite structures in various industries. This study focuses on designing and manufacturing aramid and basalt fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites as an alternative to carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Different fiber ratios and stacking sequences were used to examine their effect on mechanical characteristics. Test results showed that tensile strength was dependent on fiber ratio and sequence, with CFRPs having the highest tensile strength. Impact test results revealed that basalt/aramid fiber hybrid composites had higher energy absorption capability compared to CFRPs. Additionally, increasing basalt fiber ratio increased water absorption capacity, while using aramid fiber in the upper layer decreased ignition loss and increased hardness values. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed weaker fiber-matrix bonding in hybrid samples compared to CFRPs.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Vaibhav Somaji Anuse, K. Shankar, R. Velmurugan, Sung Kyu Ha
Summary: This article investigates the progression of post-impact damage in carbon/epoxy composite laminates under compression through experimental and numerical studies using ABAQUS/explicit. The results from experiments and numerical simulations show good agreement. It is found that the CAI strength of the laminates depends on various factors such as constituent material properties, ply orientations, stacking sequence, and laminate thickness. The study also reveals that even barely visible impacts can significantly reduce the compressive strength of the laminate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yishuo Huang, Ming -Gin Lee, Yu-Cheng Kan, Wei -Chien Wang, Yung-Chih Wang, Wei -Bang Pan
Summary: This study explores the retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The results show that UHPC increases the ultimate load of the beams by 35% and their displacement by 26.8 mm, making it a better choice in terms of toughness and economic benefits.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brijesh Gangil, Lalit Ranakoti, Shashi Kant Verma, Tej Singh
Summary: This study investigates the use of dolomite dust as filler in polymer composites. The results show that increasing dolomite content improves the physicomechanical properties and sliding wear properties of the composites, but decreases the tensile and flexural strength.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xin-Feng Wei, Xinchen Ye, Mikael S. Hedenqvist
Summary: This study investigated the combination of plasticizers and reinforcing fibers on protein material, resulting in improved tensile strength and Young's modulus. Water-assisted extrusion was used to manufacture the composites with longer fibers and reduced moisture sensitivity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)