Review
Construction & Building Technology
Caihong Xue, Vute Sirivivatnanon, Ali Nezhad, Qingxin Zhao
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the important parameters of alkali-activated binder concrete (ABC) and provides a comparison with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. However, controlling the performance of ABC is complex due to its sensitivity to the chemical and physical characteristics of precursors and activators. The lack of standardized procedures for assessing specific performance further challenges the production of ABC with desirable properties. Nevertheless, with careful mix design and locally available raw materials, ABC is a potential low carbon material, especially for structures in harsh environments.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jixiang Wang, Tianyong Huang, Le Han, Fuzhu Xie, Ze Liu, Donming Wang
Summary: The characteristics of binder systems play vital roles in the properties of alkali-activated concretes. This study investigated 102 binder systems activated by diverse activators and established composition-properties contours/maps. The performances of AACs depend on the binder systems, and the complexity of alkali-activated binder systems makes it difficult to establish quantitative relationships between compositions and performances of AACs.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jagmeet Singh, S. P. Singh
Summary: This study focused on developing concrete with alkali-activated copper slag as a binder. The mechanical properties of AACSC with 6% Na2O dosage were similar to PCC, while AACSC with 8% Na2O dosage showed higher mechanical properties. Heat curing improved early age strength of AACSC, but later age mechanical properties were comparable between heat-cured and ambient-cured AACSC.
FRONTIERS OF STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
V. S. Athira, V Charitha, G. Athira, A. Bahurudeen
Summary: The study reviews the potential and performance of different agro-waste ashes in alkali-activated binders, focusing on their influence on the mechanical and durability characteristics of alkali-activated concrete. It is found that incorporating agro-waste ashes in binders can improve resistance to acid attack and reduce drying shrinkage, with varying effects based on the type of agro-waste ash used.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
F. S. Lima, T. C. F. Gomes, J. C. B. Moraes
Summary: Coffee husk ash was used as an alkaline activator in the production of a one-part alkali-activated binder using blast-furnace slag. The ash showed good alkaline properties and reacted completely with the slag, resulting in a dense structure.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Gessivaldo O. Carneiro, Henrique A. Santana, Daniel Ribeiro, Marcelo S. Cilla, Cleber M. R. Dias
Summary: Due to its potential carcinogenicity and environmental impacts, finding inertization technologies for the reuse of asbestos cement waste (ACW) is a priority. Optimized heat treatment is a promising method, but there is a lack of studies on the application of treated ACW. This study investigates the potential use of heat-treated ACW as a precursor for alkali-activated binders. 11 formulations were established and evaluated, with the results showing that formulations with approximately 5% solid sodium metasilicate (SSM) and close to 1 M molar concentrations had the best mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sasui Sasui, Gyuyong Kim, Jeongsoo Nam, Syed Fakhar Alam, Hamin Eu, Yaechan Lee, Mahmood Ahmad
Summary: This study recycled waste concrete by alkali activation of waste concrete powder (WCP), which can efficiently produce alkali-activated cement. The effects of two alkali activators (NaOH and KOH) on the performance of alkali activated WCP cement were discussed. The results showed that NaOH-activated WCP outperformed KOH-activated WCP, and the use of 8 M alkali solutions improved the compressive strength, microstructure, and reactivity of WCP.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Abdelhadi Bouchikhi, Yannick Mamindy-Pajany, Walid Maherzi, Cyrille Albert-Mercier, Hamza El-Moueden, Mahfoud Benzerzour, Arne Peys, Nor-Edine Abriak
Summary: This study investigates the valorization of Residual Waste Glass (RWG) as a source of free silicon in geopolymer activating solutions, and evaluates its effect on the mobility of metallic and metalloid trace elements. The optimal activating solution from RWG (R3) was determined for formulating geopolymers, showing enhanced properties compared to commercial sodium silicate. The study highlights the importance of dissolving RWG in sodium hydroxide before use in the geopolymer matrix to improve mechanical and environmental performance.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bing Liu, Songyuan Geng, Junpeng Ye, Xiaoyan Liu, Weixin Lin, Shihao Wu, Kai Qian
Summary: This study investigates the potential of waste marble powder (WMP) as a precursor in the preparation of alkali-activated binders through various mechanical and microscopic characterization tests. The results show that increasing the Na2O dosage shortens setting time, decreases fluidity, and improves strength. Increasing the alkali activator modulus prolongs setting time, increases fluidity initially and then decreases, and reduces strength. Increasing the precuring temperature and prolonging high-temperature curing time enhance early strength development. Sealed curing ensures more stable strength development than standard curing. Characterization tests reveal that WMP dissolves in the alkali activator and forms hydration products containing carbonate, C-S-H, N-CS-H, and other substances. Gray correlation analysis shows that Na2O dosage has a greater impact on fluidity, while the alkali activator modulus has a greater impact on setting time. The effects of the four factors on long-term flexural and compressive strengths follow the order of Na2O dosage > alkali activator modulus > precuring temperature > high-temperature curing time.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Bassam A. Tayeh, Hussein M. Hamada, Ibrahim Almeshal, B. H. Abu Bakar
Summary: The disintegration of concrete structures made of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a concerning issue. Reusing waste or industrial by-products to reduce OPC content in concrete is crucial for reducing CO2 emission. Alternative sustainable binders and alkali-activator (AA) can produce concrete with desirable mechanical and durability properties while emitting less CO2.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chuji Zheng, Jun Wang, Hengjuan Liu, Hota GangaRao, Ruifeng Liang
Summary: A novel method has been developed for reusing waste glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) powder in geopolymer production. The addition of GFRP powder improves the brittleness of geopolymer, and the incorporation of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) accelerates the early activity of GFRP powder-based geopolymers. The binary GFRP powder/GGBS-based geopolymers exhibit shorter setting times and higher mechanical strength values, making them promising materials for construction.
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nattapong Damrongwiriyanupap, Akaraphol Wachum, Kamonphop Khansamrit, Satakhun Detphan, Sakonwan Hanjitsuwan, Tanakorn Phoo-ngernkham, Piti Sukontasukkul, Long-yuan Li, Prinya Chindaprasirt
Summary: This study investigates the method of using alkali-activated binder treatment to improve recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and its effects on the workability and mechanical properties of the resulting Portland cement concrete (PCC). The study finds that surface treatments can improve the water absorption of RCA, and the use of treated RCA in PCC can improve its workability and microstructure. However, the strength improvements are not significant and depend on the type of coating material used.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Felipe Silva Lima, Thiago Costa Ferreira Gomes, Joao Claudio Bassan de Moraes
Summary: In this study, a new alkaline activator, coffee husk ash, was generated by calcining coffee husk. The coffee husk ash exhibited high alkali content, low organic matter content, and good solubility/pH in water. When combined with blast-furnace slag, the coffee husk ash showed high activity and formed hydrated products in the mixture.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Suellen Tonatto Ferrazzo, Mariana Tonini de Araujo, Giovani Jordi Bruschi, Helder Mansur Chaves, Eduardo Pavan Korf, Nilo Cesar Consoli
Summary: This study evaluated the stabilization of waste foundry sand (WFS) using an alkali-activated binder (AAB) produced from sugar cane bagasse ash, hydrated eggshell lime, and sodium hydroxide. The mechanical performance of WFS-AAB was similar or superior to WFS-Portland cement (PC), reaching 9.8 MPa after 28 days at 40 degrees C. Specimens with higher strengths exhibited higher initial stiffness, approximately 7% accumulated loss of mass (ALM), and more homogeneous and compact matrices. N-A-S-H gel was identified in WFS-AAB. WFS-AAB mixtures effectively encapsulated Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn from wastes.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Thanh-Tung Pham, Ngoc-Linh Nguyen, Tuan-Trung Nguyen, Trung-Tu Nguyen, Thai-Hoan Pham
Summary: This study investigates the mix proportion and mechanical properties of one-part alkali-activated geopolymer concrete (GPC). The effects of solid crystalline alkali activators, water, and superplasticizers on the workability and compressive strength of GPC are evaluated. The study also assesses the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the GPC and compares them with predictions from equations used for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haoxin Li, Zhi Xue, Guangwei Liang, Kai Wu, Biqin Dong, Weishan Wang
Summary: The combined application of C-S-Hs-PCE and SS can significantly improve the hydration kinetics and mechanical properties of cement paste, shorten setting time, enhance strengths, and mitigate chemical shrinkage.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jun Xu, Huajun Zhu, Guangwei Liang, Munan Zhai, Qisheng Wu
Summary: In this study, Metakaolin-based geopolymers with different contents of MS expansive agents were prepared and tested, and it was found that MKG with 4% MS-3 exhibited the best bond properties. The expansive agents significantly improved the expansion properties of the material and reduced the tensile stress at the interface, leading to an enhancement in bond properties between MKG and cement stone.
ADVANCES IN CEMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huajun Zhu, Guangwei Liang, Haoxin Li, Qisheng Wu, Changsen Zhang, Zhifeng Yin, Sudong Hua
Summary: Substitution of metakaolin with slag increased precursor reactivity, leading to higher reaction rates and improved mechanical properties and sulfate resistance in alkaliactivated cement. The development of gel phases and pore structures, as well as the generation of C-A-S-H, contribute to the better sulfate resistance and more compact microstructure observed with higher slag content. An optimal replacement level of 30 wt% metakaolin was identified for improved sulfate resistance and prevention of potential ettringite damage in practical applications.
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guangwei Liang, Dayou Ni, Haoxin Li, Biqin Dong, Zhenghong Yang
Summary: This study investigates the synergistic utilization of EVA, TEA, and C-S-Hs-PCE as admixtures in Portland cement, revealing that the addition of admixtures can improve the fluidity and hydration degree of cement paste, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the material.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haoxin Li, Dayou Ni, Guangwei Liang, Yuchen Guo, Biqin Dong
Summary: Increasing curing temperature can enhance the strength of cement paste/mortar modified by VAEC dispersible powder, but excessively high temperature may have adverse effects. Elevated temperatures facilitate the formation of carboxyl-containing substances, refine pores, reduce the thickness of the polymer film, and increase pores in the polymer film.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guangwei Liang, Huajun Zhu, Haoxin Li, Tiejun Liu, Henghui Guo
Summary: The influences of rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume (SF) on freezing resistance were investigated in this study. It was found that both RHA and SF can improve the pore structures and freezing resistance of metakaolin-based geopolymer, with RHA showing potential filling effect and SF acting more as an active supplementary material.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chao Xu, Guangwei Liang, Haoxin Li, Biqing Dong, Xiaojie Yang, Zhenghong Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of C-S-Hs-PCE and aluminum sulfate on the early-age performance of cement paste/mortar, finding that C-S-Hs-PCE can shorten setting times and increase compressive strength. Aluminum sulfate and C-S-Hs-PCE promote cement hydration by accelerating heat flow and end the acceleration period earlier, as well as prolonging or shortening the induction period, respectively. These findings offer theoretical guidance for the development of new alkali-free accelerators and the application of C-S-Hs-PCE.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haoxin Li, Zhi Xue, Huan Liang, Yuchen Guo, Guangwei Liang, Dayou Ni, Zhenghong Yang
Summary: This study shows that the addition of EVA increases initial fluidity, while the addition of defoaming agents decreases it. Defoaming agents enhance the strength and volume density of hardened paste/mortar and reduce porosity and harmful pore quantity.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huajun Zhu, Munan Zhai, Guangwei Liang, Haoxin Li, Qisheng Wu, Changsen Zhang, Sudong Hua
Summary: The addition of rice husk ash has significant effects on the mechanical properties and freezing resistance of alkali-activated slag material, enhancing compressive strength and reducing mass loss percentage during freeze-thaw cycles. However, excessive content of rice husk ash may have negative impacts on the performance of the material.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuhang Xiang, Guangwei Liang, Hui Sun, Haoxin Li, Daihua He
Summary: The synergistic effects of calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (CLDHs) and triethanolamine (TEA) on the hydration properties and chloride binding capacity of cement paste were investigated. Experimental results show that CLDHs efficiently trap chloride ions at early stage, and the addition of TEA further enhances stability. The incorporation of TEA improves the negative phenomenon of decreased mechanical strengths caused by the substitution of CLDHs.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwei Liang, Tiejun Liu, Haoxin Li, Biqin Dong, Tao Shi
Summary: This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of alkali-activated slag based geopolymer foamed material (GFM) with the addition of rice husk ash (RHA). The inclusion of RHA improves thermal stability, thermal insulation, compressive strength, and specific compressive strength of GFM, leading to lightweight high-strength developments. Furthermore, replacing GGBS with RHA effectively mitigates strength degradation, reduces weight loss, and enhances volumetric stability during thermal exposure.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwei Liang, Haoxin Li, Huajun Zhu, Tiejun Liu, Qing Chen, Henghui Guo
Summary: The reaction of waste glass powder in geopolymerization process enhances the mechanical properties of alkali-activated material (AAM) pastes, especially at the 20% substitution level of waste glass powder. The reactive components in waste glass powder accelerate the geopolymerization process, resulting in the formation of additional binder gels and denser microstructure.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwei Liang, Ling Luo, Wu Yao
Summary: Research has shown that the reutilization of waste red brick powder can enhance the strength and improve the pore structure of alkali-activated material. This not only saves energy consumption but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Munan Zhai, Huajun Zhu, Guangwei Liang, Qisheng Wu, Changsen Zhang, Sudong Hua, Zuhua Zhang
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)