Article
Physics, Applied
M. D. Sumption, J. P. Murphy, T. Haugan, M. Majoros, D. C. van der Laan, N. Long, E. W. Collings
Summary: Characteristics of CORC(R) and Roebel cables using ReBCO conductors were studied in a spinning magnet calorimeter. The losses of both cables were mainly composed of hysteresis losses, flux creep effects, and eddy current losses. The spiral geometry of the CORC(R) cables led to reduced losses.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Luning Hao, Jintao Hu, Haigening Wei, Qi Wang, Mengyuan Tian, Ismail Patel, Adil Shah, Tim Coombs
Summary: The Roebel tape is a high-temperature superconducting wire with a multi-layer structure. It can effectively reduce AC losses by canceling the magnetic fields between adjacent layers. The study focuses on the AC losses of the Roebel tape and suggests increasing the distance between layer pairs or using double-layer stacks to reduce losses and improve current density.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Boyang Shen, Xiaoyuan Chen, Lin Fu, Shan Jiang, Huayu Gou, Jie Sheng, Zhen Huang, Wei Wang, Yujia Zhai, Yupeng Yuan, Shuo Gao, Sheng Wang, Chuanyue Li, Wei Chen, Shuai Mu, Qian Zhou, Wenjuan Song, Xiaoze Pei, Yavuz Oeztuerk, James Gawith, Yi Liu, Ismail Patel, Mengyuan Tian, Jiabin Yang, Tim Coombs
Summary: This article investigates the modeling of HTS CORC cables using FEMH-formulation and compares 2D and 3D models. It found that the 2D model has faster solving speed and can sometimes simulate AC loss within a reasonable range, while the 3D model provides more information and accurate loss calculation under different parameter conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lorenzo Cavallucci, Marco Breschi, Pier Luigi Ribani, Qingbo Zhang, Yifeng Yang
Summary: This paper introduces an electro-thermal finite-element model developed for studying the application of Roebel cables with high temperature superconducting tapes. The model is validated through experiments, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Barbara Maria Oliveira Santos, Gabriel dos Santos, Frederic Sirois, Roberto Brambilla, Rubens de Andrade Junior, Felipe Sass, Guilherme Goncalves Sotelo, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This article explains how to model HTS coils with different coupling scenarios in COMSOL Multiphysics using the T-A formulation. It compares and discusses the current density distributions and AC losses of coils in different coupling scenarios, while also pointing out the limits of applicability of the presented approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sara Fawaz, Hocine Menana, Bruno Douine, Loic Queval
Summary: This paper presents a fast-integral modeling approach for the design and characterization of large-scale non-inductive high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils made of first-generation HTS tape. The integral modeling is combined with a strategy of far tape approximation allowing to model a reduced set of consecutive tapes instead of the entire coil. The developed modeling approach is particularly useful in the AC + DC mode, where Norris's formulas cannot be used to determine the losses. In addition, interesting phenomena have been observed regarding the current distribution in the tapes at different AC and DC current values.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Faegheh Irannezhad, Hossein Heydari, Faramarz Faghihi
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of nonlinear loads on AC losses in HTS transformer windings and proposes an analytical algorithm for calculating these losses, demonstrating its effectiveness on an exemplary transformer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sergey Zanegin, Nikolay Ivanov, Vasily Zubko, Konstantin Kovalev, Ivan Shishov, Dmitry Shishov, Vladimir Podguzov
Summary: The article focuses on studying losses in devices based on second-generation high-temperature superconductors and their behavior under various conditions. The complexity of the devices increases gradually from a single rack coil to a winding assembled electric machine, with attention to losses during operation from the inverter to simulate motor mode conditions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhuyong Li, Zhixuan Zhang, Mingshuo Wang, Yingying Lv, Kyungwoo Ryu
Summary: This paper introduces a novel structure of multi-stage cable based on high temperature superconducting wire, and investigates its AC loss characteristics through experiments and simulations. The results demonstrate that the twisted cable has significant advantages in AC loss.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
E. Cuninkova, M. Pekarcikova, L. Frolek, S. Simon, M. Skarba, S. Hulacova, J. Krajcovic
Summary: Using 3D printing technology, we designed a new casing material to reduce AC losses in TORT cables and improve the cooling of HTS tapes. Detailed structural finite-element analysis was conducted to create different casings, and one was selected for electromagnetic characterization.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
P. N. Degtyarenko, A. Yu Arkhangelsky, N. N. Balashov, Yu L. Buyanov, A. Yu Degtyarenko, V. V. Zheltov
Summary: The quality of 2G HTS tapes has recently been improved significantly. The critical currents of the tapes are now twice as high as previous samples, and the uniformity of characteristics has been improved, allowing for stable operation with thinner copper coating thickness. This improvement enables the development of HTS cables with higher rated currents and reduces AC losses in ordinary cables.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
J. Ogawa, S. Fukui, R. Iida, T. Obana
Summary: Based on previous studies, the AC loss characteristics of each layer in a high-temperature superconducting cable were experimentally investigated. A model was developed to estimate the AC loss by considering the maximum and minimum values of the loss, showing good agreement with experimental data. This model allows for estimating AC losses and designing the minimum AC loss load for a superconducting cable, specifically a three-layer twisted HTS cable.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yifeng Yang
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate that full or partial uncoupling of isolated infinite strands can be achieved by introducing electric centres with zero current within each strand. This method can be efficiently used to analyze the AC losses of complex composite conductors and provides a new tool for designing and analyzing high field magnets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. Clegg, M. Kapolka, H. S. Ruiz
Summary: This paper discusses the prediction of the distribution of critical current and critical current density inside the multiple tapes of a CORC cable using three-dimensional finite element methods. The study compares different scenarios, including a constant J(c) and a J(c)(B) function, with the most realistic J(c)(B,theta) function. The results show an anisotropic distribution of critical current density when considering the magneto angular dependence.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Luning Hao, B. Shen, Jun Ma, J. Yang, I Patel, J. Hu, M. Tian, H. Wei, A. Shah, Q. Wang, T. A. Coombs
Summary: This paper investigates the possibility of encapsulating Roebel cables into a single HTS CC and proposes a novel conception of a Roebel tape. Compared with existing HTS cables, Roebel tapes are more compact, capable of carrying larger currents with minimized AC losses, and easier to manufacture. The optimized structure of the Roebel tape significantly reduces AC transport losses and magnetization losses.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Francesco Grilli, Enric Pardo, Antonio Morandi, Fedor Gomory, Mykola Solovyov, Victor M. R. Zermeno, Roberto Brambilla, Tara Benkel, Nicolo Riva
Summary: In recent years, the H formulation of Maxwell's equations has become the standard for simulating the electromagnetic behavior of superconducting applications with commercial software. However, other formulations may be more suitable for specific cases. This article discusses two approaches based on the magnetic vector potential and extends the T-A formulation to thick conductors, while implementing a quasi critical state model with a steep E-J relationship limited at J(c).
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yingzhen Liu, Jing Ou, Roland Gyuraki, Fabian Schreiner, Wescley T. B. de Sousa, Mathias Noe, Francesco Grilli
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the contact resistivity in high temperature superconducting coils can significantly influence turn-to-turn current paths. A distributed circuit model implemented in Matlab is used to study the contact resistivity of NI coils, considering different contact resistances between turn-to-turn contacts. Experimental and simulated results are consistent, highlighting the importance of considering different contact resistivity in turn-to-turn contacts for accurate simulations.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. Riva, F. Sirois, C. Lacroix, F. Pellerin, J. Giguere, F. Grilli, B. Dutoit
Summary: The overcritical current constitutive law, based on a combination of fast pulsed current measurements and finite element analysis, can better reproduce experimental measurements and predict the speed of thermal runaway compared to the power-law. By using a mathematical expression and experimental validation, the properties of the overcritical current regime of REBCO tapes can be analytically described.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingzhen Liu, Francesco Grilli, Jiwei Cao, Liyi Li, Chengming Zhang, Mingyi Wang, Fengyu Xu, Jingbo Lin, Mathias Noe
Summary: In this study, a fully superconducting wind generator with high torque density and low weight was analyzed. Through integrating electromagnetic design with AC loss estimation, the research demonstrated the potential and efficiency of the generator for preliminary design. It was found that reducing AC loss in stator coils can be achieved by adjusting tape width, coil spacing, number of coils, and working temperature, but careful design is required for optimal solutions.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Carlos Roberto Vargas-Llanos, Sebastian Lengsfeld, Mathias Noe, Tabea Arndt, Francesco Grilli
Summary: During the design of a superconducting electrical machine, estimating losses in the superconducting coils is crucial as it affects the cooling power requirements and overall efficiency. This study focuses on dissipation in the stator superconducting coils of a synchronous machine to find an optimal solution for losses.Using a 2-D finite-element model with the T-A formulation of Maxwell's equations, the behavior of the magnetic field around the coils and losses are analyzed. Certain coil arrangements lead to significantly lower total loss, a more uniform loss distribution, and the possibility of increasing the operating temperature.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Review
Physics, Applied
Felix Huber, Wenjuan Song, Min Zhang, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This article presents a review of the application of the T-A formulation for modeling the electromagnetic behavior of high-temperature superconductor tapes. It provides a detailed description of the governing equations in different cases and discusses the implementation of the T-A formulation in various applications. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are also discussed.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Frederic Trillaud, Edgar Berrospe-Juarez, Victor M. R. Zermeno, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This study presents an electromagneto-mechanical model to simulate the behavior of 2G HTS insert magnets under high magnetic fields. The model considers the coupling between electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors, as well as the impact of mechanical degradation on magnetic field stability. The results show that the model can assess the current magnitude at which the insert magnet quenches and provide insights on the effect of mechanical degradation on magnetic field hysteresis.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gabriel dos Santos, Flavio G. R. Martins, Felipe Sass, Guilherme Goncalves Sotelo, Antonio Morandi, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This article examines the impacts of different types of short circuits on the SIC-SFCL device and proposes a 3D finite-element method model to simulate these effects. The simulation results show a small error compared to measurements. Furthermore, the study finds that the phase-to-phase short-circuit case has the highest limitation, the single-phase short circuit has the longest transient period, and the phase-to-phase fault generates the highest dc current during the transient.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Barbara Maria Oliveira Santos, Gabriel dos Santos, Frederic Sirois, Roberto Brambilla, Rubens de Andrade Junior, Felipe Sass, Guilherme Goncalves Sotelo, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This article explains how to model HTS coils with different coupling scenarios in COMSOL Multiphysics using the T-A formulation. It compares and discusses the current density distributions and AC losses of coils in different coupling scenarios, while also pointing out the limits of applicability of the presented approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Pengbo Zhou, Gabriel Dos Santos, Asef Ghabeli, Francesco Grilli, Guangtong Ma
Summary: Numerical simulation is an effective tool for predicting the electromagnetic behavior of superconductors. A new model based on the finite element method can accurately evaluate the behavior of complex high-temperature superconductor systems and can be applied to large-scale HTS applications. By comparing computation results and efficiency, it is found that the new model can improve computation efficiency without compromising accuracy, which is of great value for designing and optimizing large-scale HTS devices.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Carlos Roberto Vargas-Llanos, Felix Huber, Nicolo Riva, Min Zhang, Francesco Grilli
Summary: The modeling and analysis of superconducting coils are crucial in designing devices based on high-temperature superconductors. 2D finite element analysis is commonly used, but it cannot accurately represent complex operating conditions. In this study, a 3D homogenization method using the T-A formulation is proposed for analyzing superconducting coils with complex geometries to overcome the limitations of the 2D approach.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Carlos Roberto Vargas-Llanos, Joachim Kraemer, Mathias Noe, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This work presents the design and construction of a setup for measuring transport AC losses in high-temperature superconducting coils using a calorimetric approach. A 3D printed bubble collector is used to collect the evaporated cryogen, which is then guided into a flow sensor to measure the dissipation of energy. The results, analyzed statistically, show that the measurements are stable with average values and uncertainty ranges. Furthermore, the AC transport losses in a racetrack coil for an electrical machine application are measured and compared with 3D simulation results based on the homogenization of the T-A formulation.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami, Wenjuan Song, Antonio Morandi, Giovanni De Carne, Joao Murta-Pina, Anabela Pronto, Roberto Oliveira, Francesco Grilli, Enric Pardo, Michael Parizh, Boyang Shen, Tim Coombs, Tiina Salmi, Di Wu, Eric Coatanea, Dominic A. Moseley, Rodney A. Badcock, Mengjie Zhang, Vittorio Marinozzi, Nhan Tran, Maciej Wielgosz, Andrzej Skoczen, Dimitrios Tzelepis, Sakis Meliopoulos, Nuno Vilhena, Guilherme Sotelo, Zhenan Jiang, Veit Grosse, Tommaso Bagni, Diego Mauro, Carmine Senatore, Alexey Mankevich, Vadim Amelichev, Sergey Samoilenkov, Tiem Leong Yoon, Yao Wang, Renato P. Camata, Cheng-Chien Chen, Ana Maria Madureira, Ajith Abraham
Summary: This paper presents a roadmap for applying AI techniques and big data (BD) in various aspects of superconducting applications, such as modelling, design, monitoring, manufacturing, and operation. Short articles are provided to outline potential applications and solutions, aiming to assist researchers, engineers, and manufacturers in understanding the feasibility of using AI and BD techniques to tackle challenges in superconductivity. These potential futuristic routes and their related materials/technologies are considered for a time frame of 10-20 years.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Calvin C. T. Chow, Francesco Grilli, K. T. Chau
Summary: This paper verifies the applicability of the integral method in situations where the external magnetic field is spatially non-uniform and applies it to calculate the ac loss in superconducting tapes.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yufan Yan, Timing Qu, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This paper evaluates the performance of the T-A formulation for calculating AC loss in coated superconductors and cables, comparing it with the widely accepted H formulation. Key metrics including computation time, degrees of freedom, and numerical accuracy are evaluated and compared, providing a reference for researchers in using the T-A formulation for AC loss calculation.
