A Double-Layer Transmitarray Antenna Using Malta Crosses With Vias

A novel transmitarray element consisting of only two layers of modified Malta crosses printed on a dielectric substrate is proposed, and vias are employed to augment the transmission magnitude and enhance its phase shift range. A prototype transmitarray with a circular aperture of 338 mm in diameter is then designed, fabricated, and tested to validate the proposed design. The simulation and measurement results show good radiation characteristics with measured gain of 33.0 dBi at 20 GHz and aperture efficiency of 40%. The proposed element considerably simplifies the complexity of a transmitarray, reducing its thickness, mass, and cost.