A highly predictive autoantibody-based biomarker panel for prognosis in early-stage NSCLC with potential therapeutic implications

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection remains the definitive curative treatment for early-stage disease offering an overall 5-year survival rate of 62%. Despite careful case selection, a significant proportion of early-stage cancers relapse aggressively within the first year post-operatively. Identification of these patients is key to accurate prognostication and understanding the biology that drives early relapse might open up potential novel adjuvant therapies. Methods We performed an unsupervised interrogation of >1600 serum-based autoantibody biomarkers using an iterative machine-learning algorithm. Results We identified a 13 biomarker signature that was highly predictive for survivorship in post-operative early-stage lung cancer; this outperforms currently used autoantibody biomarkers in solid cancers. Our results demonstrate significantly poor survivorship in high expressers of this biomarker signature with an overall 5-year survival rate of 7.6%. Conclusions We anticipate that the data will lead to the development of an off-the-shelf prognostic panel and further that the oncogenic relevance of the proteins recognised in the panel may be a starting point for a new adjuvant therapy.

Automated summary

Despite surgical resection being the main treatment for early-stage lung cancer, a significant proportion of patients still experience aggressive relapse post-operatively. Researchers have identified a highly predictive biomarker signature for survivorship in early-stage lung cancer, which may lead to the development of a new prognostic panel and potential adjuvant therapies.