Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sijia Li, Yening Shu, Yun-An Lin, Yingjun Zhao, Yi-Jui Yeh, Wei-Hung Chiang, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study aims to design a strain-sensitive paint for structural monitoring. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are dispersed in paint through high-speed shear mixing, and paint thinner is used to adjust the viscosity and nanomaterial concentration. The paint is spray-coated onto patterned substrates to form Sensing Meshes, and an electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurement strategy and algorithm are used to reconstruct the conductivity distribution of the Sensing Meshes, enabling distributed strain monitoring.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Mohammad Pour-Ghaz, Tuomo Valkonen, Aku Seppanen
Summary: This paper introduces a method of extending ERT surface sensing technology to non-planar surfaces, solving the image reconstruction problem with techniques from Riemannian geometry and numerical methods. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of this method in non-planar geometries.
COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jingsong Wang, Bing Zhao, Chunchang Wang
Summary: TiO2/KNbO3 nanocomposite was prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method, and impedance-type sensors based on TiO2/KNbO3, TiO2, and KNbO3 were fabricated. The TiO2/KNbO3-based sensor exhibited a large impedance change over 5 orders of magnitude, which was 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that of TiO2- and KNbO3-based sensors. The improved humidity sensing performance of the TiO2/KNbO3 nanocomposite was attributed to the heterojunction at the TiO2/KNbO3 interface and the Grotthuss mechanism. This study highlights the significance of the two-step hydrothermal method in fabricating high-purity nanocomposites with excellent humidity sensing performance.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xi Wang, Qiao Li, Xiaoming Tao
Summary: This paper discusses the advantageous characteristics, electromechanical behavior, and sensing mechanism of printed conductive knitted fabric as a strain sensor, and establishes an effective electromechanical model.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Douglas Slobod, Marco Leali, Elena Spinelli, Domenico Luca Grieco, Savino Spadaro, Tommaso Mauri
Summary: We developed a novel approach to quantify overdistension and collapse during pressure support ventilation (PSV) by integrating transpulmonary pressure and EIT monitoring and performed pilot tests in three hypoxemic patients.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ting-Wei Wang, Shien-Fong Lin
Summary: This study aimed to develop negative impedance capacitive electrodes to improve the quality of noncontact ECG measurements. Experimentally validated, the negative impedance capacitive electrodes effectively reduced the coupling effect between the skin and measurement electrodes, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tae-Ho Kim, Jaydon Vanloo, Woo Soo Kim
Summary: The study focuses on the development of cooperative healthcare sensing robots that monitor and evaluate patients' muscle functions through gait analysis and electromyography. By integrating biological sensors and using a green strategy, the robots are designed with durable 3D origami structures for different applications in healthcare monitoring, such as insoles and humanoid hands. These robots show promise in providing convenient and quality care for patients through empathetic adaptability with humans.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Francesca Criscuolo, Ivan Ny Hanitra, Simone Aiassa, Irene Taurino, Nicolo Oliva, Sandro Carrara, Giovanni De Micheli
Summary: This study introduces a novel wearable multi-electrode platform that efficiently addresses some challenges in sweat sensing technology. By optimizing sensing technology and sample handling, this platform shows high accuracy and feasibility in various applications, such as sport tracking and heavy metal contamination monitoring.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yongrok Jeong, Jimin Gu, Jaiyeul Byun, Junseong Ahn, Jaebum Byun, Kyuyoung Kim, Jaeho Park, Jiwoo Ko, Jun-ho Jeong, Morteza Amjadi, Inkyu Park
Summary: This study developed an ultra-wide range pressure sensor with high sensitivity, reliability, and durability for measuring a wide pressure range. The sensor was integrated into hand and foot pressure monitoring systems to provide real-time information for healthcare and sports performance monitoring.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinli Zhou, Yazhou Zhang, Hongying Yang, Qingxia Liu, Ming Wang, Fan Xiong, Dongyi Chen, Lixin Du
Summary: In order to monitor dynamic ECG for a long time, fabric electrodes need good comfort and electrical properties. This study explores the comfort and acquisition effect of ECG signals of four different silver-plated fabric electrodes under dynamic and static conditions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Chen, Zhichao Zhang, Ka Deng, Dahu Wang, Hongmin Ke, Li Cai, Chi-wei Chang, Tingrui Pan
Summary: The study developed smart glasses wearable with a flexible and sensitive pressure sensor to monitor blink patterns, achieving a high accuracy of 96.3%. The device can differentiate blink features between dry-eye subjects and healthy controls, potentially serving as a new clinical and research monitoring tool for continuous eye blink analysis.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hyeongsub Choi, Jingzhe Sun, Bingqi Ren, Seokjun Cha, Jiwoo Lee, Byoung-Min Lee, Jin-Ju Park, Jae-Hak Choi, Jong-Jin Park
Summary: This study achieves amplified piezoresistive properties by applying a 3D textile structure to a sensor made of carbonized cellulose fabric. The sensitivity of the sensor is improved by using pre-strained monofilament as a pressure transmitter, allowing real-time monitoring of joint motions and bio-signals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Yin-Hsuan Chang, Ting-Hung Hsieh, Kai-Chi Hsiao, Ting-Han Lin, Kai-Hsiang Hsu, Ming-Chung Wu
Summary: Human breath contains water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and gases related to metabolism. A highly sensitive sensing material (WO3/SnO2/Ag/PMMA) fabricated by electrospinning is proposed to detect breath acetone. The material exhibits a sensing limit of 20 ppm and shows specificity for acetone even in ambient humidity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Li, Tanyu Wang, Dan Luo, Pengfei Peng, Yu Wang, Lu Liu, Huiquan Wang, Hao Liu
Summary: This paper investigates a fabric-based ultrasound sensor for continuous non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure waveforms by combining an S-shaped stretchable island bridge electrode with a fabric substrate utilizing hot press transfer. The experimental results show that the 4 x 5 array ultrasound sensors can accurately and continuously monitor arterial blood pressure deep in the tissue, with an axial resolution of 330 μm and an elongation at the break of the S-shaped electrode of 35.6%. The prepared sensor has good air permeability and stability, causing no skin irritation during long-term wear.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Said Quqa, Yening Shu, Sijia Li, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study employs two different supervised machine learning approaches to solve the inverse EIT problem and improve the resolution of reconstructed pressure maps. A demonstration of high-resolution pressure mapping for identifying pressure hotspots is achieved.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sumit Gupta, Hyungsuk (Eric) Kim, Hyonny Kim, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate a noncontact, nondestructive inspection method using planar electrical capacitance tomography for assessing the subsurface condition of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures. The method successfully detected volumetric changes in electrical permittivity for different objects and detected subsurface defects and delamination in CFRP panels, demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yun-An Lin, Yingjun Zhao, Long Wang, Yujin Park, Yi-Jui Yeh, Wei-Hung Chiang, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: The study has developed a flexible, self-adhering, fabric-based wearable sensor for measuring skin strains and human motions, with stable sensing performance and effectiveness confirmed through stability and human subject tests.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Han-Joo Lee, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study addresses the issue of heat loss in soft robotic systems by developing a system that can actively control heat loss to enhance both actuation and cooling. The use of double-walled structures and a thermoelectric device has shown improved performance in underwater operation, providing enhanced reversible actuation.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumit Gupta, Yun-An Lin, Han-Joo Lee, Jeff Buscheck, Rongzong Wu, Jerome P. Lynch, Navneet Garg, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study successfully validated the feasibility of large-scale application of self-sensing concrete in airport runway pavements and characterized spatially distributed damage using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). The results demonstrated that self-sensing concrete can accurately identify the severity, location, and patterns of cracks, as well as detect subsurface damage features before cracks become visible on the surface.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Morgan L. Funderburk, Yujin Park, Anton Netchaev, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study validated the functionality of flow-excited scour sensors that can operate during extreme events. The piezo-rods were driven into soil to collect scour data and monitor their own structural response. By establishing a velocity-frequency relationship, the accuracy of length prediction of the piezo-rod was improved.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Esteban Guerra-Bravo, Han-Joo Lee, Arturo Baltazar, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: In this study, a mechanical vibrational analysis was conducted to control the atomization mass transfer rate of an ultrasonic atomizer. The effects of the micro-apertures shape and coupling of the metallic thin plate with a piezoelectric ring during vibration were numerically studied and compared with theoretical and experimental results. Good correlations between predicted and experimental data in terms of resonant frequencies and atomization rates were observed.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yingjun Zhao Dubuc, Brittney Mazzone, Adam J. Yoder, Elizabeth Russell Esposito, Tae Hoon Kang, Kenneth J. Loh, Shawn Farrokhi
Summary: This review discusses the use of ankle brace systems for ankle sprains, evaluates the clinical benefits and limitations of different types of braces, and introduces new design concepts. It also explores the latest advancements in biomechanical simulation, multifunctional material fabrication, and wearable injury surveillance devices, and provides suggestions for future brace design.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MEDICAL DEVICES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sijia Li, Yening Shu, Yun-An Lin, Yingjun Zhao, Yi-Jui Yeh, Wei-Hung Chiang, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This study aims to design a strain-sensitive paint for structural monitoring. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are dispersed in paint through high-speed shear mixing, and paint thinner is used to adjust the viscosity and nanomaterial concentration. The paint is spray-coated onto patterned substrates to form Sensing Meshes, and an electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurement strategy and algorithm are used to reconstruct the conductivity distribution of the Sensing Meshes, enabling distributed strain monitoring.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Morgan L. Funderburk, Jamie Tran, Michael D. Todd, Anton Netchaev, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: Local scour is becoming a major cause of bridge failure worldwide, with the effects of climate change increasing the vulnerability of bridges. This study explores the use of ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry for continuous monitoring of soil interface in order to detect scour. The results show that the Lamb wave scour sensor is capable of reliably detecting soil interfaces at regular intervals.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Han-Joo Lee, Julie A. Mancini, Ishan Joshipura, Christopher M. Spadaccini, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: Waveguides designed by shape optimization are more suitable for additive manufacturing, and can control the propagation of ultrasonic waves and be used for signal transmission or selective heating.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yun-An Lin, Yash Mhaskar, Amy Silder, Pinata H. Sessoms, John J. Fraser, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: Insight into and measurements of muscle contraction during movement have led to the development and validation of a self-adhesive, elastic fabric, nanocomposite, skin-strain sensor for human movement monitoring. The sensor accurately measures skin-strains during functional movements, reflecting different degrees of muscle engagement.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yening Shu, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Tammy Chang, Abigail Gilmore, Joseph W. Tringe, David M. Stobbe, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: In this study, a current injection-based method called Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) is proposed for detecting damaged struts in conductive cellular lattice structures. An improved conductivity reconstruction algorithm is also introduced to overcome the limitations of conventional ERT and improve imaging and localization accuracy.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Said Quqa, Luca Landi, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: Sensing skins and electrical impedance tomography are cost-effective alternative methods for distributed sensing in civil structures, but their performance declines with aging of the sensing film. This paper proposes a novel approach using electrical resistance tomography and deep neural networks for crack identification in nanocomposite paint sprayed on structural components. The method incorporates crack annotations collected during visual inspections and utilizes transfer learning to improve crack identification performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches for crack localization in complex damage patterns.
COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Said Quqa, Sijia Li, Yening Shu, Luca Landi, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This paper explores the efficacy of supervised machine learning in solving the inverse electrical impedance tomography problem and reconstructing the conductivity distribution of a piezoresistive sensing film. A deep neural network is used to reconstruct the conductivity distribution within the painted area by using voltage measurements collected at sparse boundary locations. The paper presents a new approach to test the suitability of synthetic datasets built using a finite element model of the sensing film. Promising results are obtained compared to conventional methods.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Morgan L. Funderburk, Kenneth J. Loh
Summary: This paper introduces a flow-driven technology for monitoring scour and improves the design of the sensor to enhance its sensitivity and frequency output. The research results show that accuracy of scour monitoring can be improved by introducing more frequency features and increasing the mass ratio.
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS
(2022)
