Mechanisms and applications of peptide nucleic acids selectively binding to double-stranded RNA

RNAs form secondary structures containing double-stranded base paired regions and single-stranded regions. Probing, detecting and modulating RNA structures and dynamics requires the development of molecular sensors that can differentiate the sequence and structure of RNAs present in viruses and cells, as well as in extracellular space. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the development of chemically modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for the selective recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequences over both single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sequences. We also briefly discuss the applications of sequence-specific dsRNA-binding PNAs in sensing and stabilizing dsRNA structures and inhibiting dsRNA-protein interactions.

Automated summary

RNAs form secondary structures with double-stranded base paired regions and single-stranded regions, making it important to develop molecular sensors that can differentiate between different RNA sequences and structures. Recent progress has been made in using chemically modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for the selective recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequences, showing potential applications in sensing, stabilizing dsRNA structures, and inhibiting dsRNA-protein interactions.