期刊
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
卷 97, 期 3, 页码 1193-1209出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12837
关键词
bird odour; chemical cues; infochemicals; mate recognition; olfaction; parental care; preen oil; scent; sexual selection; uropygial gland secretion
类别
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Vanier Canada
- Freigeist-Fellowship from the Volkswagen Foundation
- German Science Foundation [421568765]
Smell is an important aspect of avian behavior and ecology, and evidence suggests that birds use odoriferous preen oil to minimize detection by nest predators and for intraspecific olfactory communication. While there is mixed evidence for seasonal and sex differences in preen oil, a systematic review found that seasonal differences were present in 95% of species and sex differences were present in 47% of species. Phylogenetic comparative analyses supported the olfactory crypsis hypothesis for ground-nesting species and suggested that sex differences were more likely in species with uniparental incubation and during breeding.
Smell is a sensory modality that is rarely considered in birds, but evidence is mounting that olfaction is an important aspect of avian behaviour and ecology. The uropygial gland produces an odoriferous secretion (preen oil) that can differ seasonally and between the sexes. These differences are hypothesized to function in olfactory camouflage, i.e. minimizing detection by nest predators (olfactory crypsis hypothesis), and/or intraspecific olfactory communication, particularly during breeding (sex semiochemical hypothesis). However, evidence for seasonal and sex differences in preen oil is mixed, with some studies finding differences and others not, and direct evidence for the putative function(s) of seasonal variation and sex differences in preen oil remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence for such changes in preen oil chemical composition, finding seasonal differences in 95% of species (57/60 species in 35 studies) and sex differences in 47% of species (28/59 species in 46 studies). We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses using data from 59 bird species to evaluate evidence for both the olfactory crypsis and sex semiochemical hypotheses. Seasonal differences were more likely in the incubating than non-incubating sex in ground-nesting species, but were equally likely regardless of incubation strategy in non-ground-nesting species. This result supports the olfactory crypsis hypothesis, if ground nesters are more vulnerable to olfactorily searching predators than non-ground nesters. Sex differences were more likely in species with uniparental than biparental incubation and during breeding than non-breeding, consistent with both the olfactory crypsis and sex semiochemical hypotheses. At present, the data do not allow us to disentangle these two hypotheses, but we provide recommendations that will enable researchers to do so.
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