期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 34, 期 14, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109767
关键词
3D carbon host; anode-free batteries; dendrites; high-energy-density batteries; sodium-metal batteries
类别
资金
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology Seed Grant
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-2025462]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant of the Korean Government [2020R1A4A1018516, 2021M3H4A3A02086516]
- R&D Program for Forest Science Technology by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) [2020229B10-2122-AC01]
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Network/Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information [KSC-2020-CRE-0240]
- Korea Forestry Promotion Institute (KOFPI) [2020229B10-2122-AC01, 2020229B10-2022-AC01] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2021M3H4A3A02086516] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Sodium-metal batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium-metal batteries for high-energy applications due to their low cost and abundance of sodium. A 3D nanostructured porous carbon particle, PC-CFe, was used as a highly reversible sodium-metal host, showing excellent cycling performance over 500 cycles and high capacity retention in both symmetric and asymmetric cells.
Sodium-metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as a compliment to lithium-metal batteries for next-generation high-energy batteries because of their low cost and the abundance of sodium (Na). Herein, a 3D nanostructured porous carbon particle containing carbon-shell-coated Fe nanoparticles (PC-CFe) is employed as a highly reversible Na-metal host. PC-CFe has a unique 3D hierarchy based on sub-micrometer-sized carbon particles, ordered open channels, and evenly distributed carbon-coated Fe nanoparticles (CFe) on the surface. PC-CFe achieves high reversibility of Na plating/stripping processes over 500 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 10 mA cm(-2) with 10 mAh cm(-2) in Na//Cu asymmetric cells, as well as over 14 400 cycles at 60 mA cm(-2) in Na//Na symmetric cells. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the superior cycling performance of PC-CFe stems from the stronger adsorption of Na on the surface of the CFe, providing initial nucleation sites more favorable to Na deposition. Moreover, the full cell with a PC-CFe host without Na metal and a high-loading Na3V2(PO4)(3) cathode (10 mg cm(-2)) maintains a high capacity of 103 mAh g(-1) at 1 mA cm(-2) even after 100 cycles, demonstrating the operation of anode-free SMBs.
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