Article
Neurosciences
Hayley M. Dorfman, Momchil S. Tomov, Bernice Cheung, Dennis Clarke, Samuel J. Gershman, Brent L. Hughes
Summary: The study found that reward prediction errors modulated by causal beliefs are represented in the dorsal striatum, while unmodulated reward prediction errors are represented in the ventral striatum. Further analysis revealed that beliefs about causal structure are represented in the anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus. Structural equation modeling showed effective connectivity from the anterior insula to the dorsal striatum, suggesting a neural architecture in which causal beliefs are integrated with prediction error signals to update action values.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuhai Xie, Puming Zhang, Jun Zhao
Summary: SS-DCM is a method for studying effective connectivity in neural populations using rs-fMRI. It improves estimation accuracy by constructing a Bayesian model in the spectral domain and sampling parameters using a random walked Markov Chain Monte Carlo scheme. Comparative evaluations using synthetic and empirical data showed that SS-DCM provided the most accurate estimations and higher classification accuracy.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
D. Blake Woodside, Katharine Dunlop, Charlene Sathi, Eileen Lam, Brigitte McDonald, Jonathan Downar
Summary: rTMS has shown promising results in improving core AN pathology, particularly in addressing weight and shape concerns in patients. Additionally, the treatment has been associated with reductions in comorbid anxiety symptoms.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Daniel Geisler, Joseph A. King, Klaas Bahnsen, Fabio Bernardoni, Arne Doose, Dirk K. Muller, Michael Marxen, Veit Roessner, Martijn van den Heuvel, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: The study revealed significant alterations in the WM connectome in young patients with AN, characterized by increased fractional anisotropy in certain parietal-occipital regions and reduced radial diffusivity. These changes may not necessarily indicate a deterioration of the WM network, and further research is needed to investigate their relationship with axonal packing or myelination, as well as whether they are a result of undernutrition or a vulnerability in developing or maintaining AN.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tahereh S. Zarghami, Peter Zeidman, Adeel Razi, Fariba Bahrami, Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh
Summary: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by dysconnection across the brain. This study investigated effective connectivity within large-scale networks in patients with schizophrenia, revealing dysconnection in several networks. The study also found significant correlations between specific effective connections and cognitive abilities of patients. Future research can explore the potential of whole-brain effective connectivity as a biomarker for diagnosis and cognitive assessment in brain disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dongling Zhang, Junye Yao, Jinghong Ma, Linlin Gao, Junyan Sun, Jiliang Fang, Hongjian He, Tao Wu
Summary: This study investigated the functional connectivity of corticostriatal circuits in nonmanifesting LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P mutation carriers. Compared to noncarriers, mutation carriers showed reduced connectivity in certain regions and increased connectivity in others. The study found that mutation carriers have a lower likelihood of developing parkinsonian motor symptoms.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Marlena Duda, Danai Koutra, Chandra Sripada
Summary: This study investigates the presence of dynamic functional connectivity during rest and proposes a data-driven framework for studying cognitive neuroscience questions using connectivity changes. The framework outperforms the traditional sliding window approach in accuracy and computational efficiency when applied to working memory task data. Additionally, when applied to resting state fMRI data, the method consistently identifies five reliable FC states which show significant correlation with behavioral phenotypes.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiaming Liu, Jia-Wen Mo, Xunda Wang, Ziqi An, Shuangyang Zhang, Can-Yuan Zhang, Peiwei Yi, Alex T. L. Leong, Jing Ren, Liang-Yu Chen, Ran Mo, Yuanyao Xie, Qianjin Feng, Wufan Chen, Tian-Ming Gao, Ed X. Wu, Yanqiu Feng, Xiong Cao
Summary: This study reveals the previously unknown role of astrocyte dysfunction in driving network abnormalities in depression, providing insights into the mechanisms of depression.
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas A. Hubbard, Monroe P. Turner, Kevin R. Sitek, Kathryn L. West, Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk, Lyndahl Himes, Binu P. Thomas, Hanzhang Lu, Bart Rypma
Summary: By using calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study found that low-frequency fluctuations of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during resting state exhibited organizational properties similar to previous functional and anatomical connectivity studies. Furthermore, voxel-wise CMRO2 connectivity showed spatial patterns consistent with four specific resting-state subnetworks.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Julius Steding, Franziska Ritschel, Ilka Boehm, Daniel Geisler, Joseph A. King, Veit Roessner, Michael N. Smolka, Florian Daniel Zepf, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: This study investigated the neural responses related to reward processing in individuals with a history of anorexia nervosa (recAN) during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). The results suggested a normalization of reward-related neural responses in recAN during ATD.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stefan Frassle, Samuel J. Harrison, Jakob Heinzle, Brett A. Clementz, Carol A. Tamminga, John A. Sweeney, Elliot S. Gershon, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Albert Powers, Klaas E. Stephan
Summary: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used for studying brain connectivity. Researchers have developed a method called rDCM that extends to rs-fMRI, offering directional estimates and scalability to whole-brain networks. Through simulations and empirical tests, rDCM has shown to be computationally efficient and produce biologically plausible results consistent with established models of effective connectivity.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Anna D. Myrvang, Torgil R. Vangberg, Clas Linnman, Kristin Stedal, Oyvind Ro, Tor Endestad, Jan H. Rosenvinge, Per M. Aslaksen
Summary: This study found decreased functional connectivity in certain brain networks of adolescent AN patients, particularly in the precuneus region, identified as a default mode network. Cortical thickness in the precuneus correlated significantly with functional connectivity in this network. Significant group differences were also found in subcortical networks involving the hippocampus and the amygdala, with a significant interaction effect of age and group in these networks.
Article
Neurosciences
Giovanni Pellegrino, Anna-Lisa Schuler, Giorgio Arcara, Giovanni Di Pino, Francesco Piccione, Eliane Kobayashi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of EPI noise on resting state activity and connectivity using MEG. Results showed that both fMRI and white noise reduced connectivity of cortical networks, with specific effects in the auditory and sensory-motor networks for fMRI noise. Theta-delta activity related to drowsiness correlated positively with variations in cortical connectivity.
Article
Biology
Adrian Ponce-Alvarez, Morten L. Kringelbach, Gustavo Deco
Summary: Human fMRI and dMRI data were used to test the phenomenological renormalization group (PRG) method and found that the scale invariance of rs-fMRI activity may emerge from criticality and exponentially decaying connectivity between brain regions.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Woolf, Helene T. Cronje, Loukas Zagkos, Stephen Burgess, Dipender Gill, Susanna C. Larsson
Summary: A Mendelian randomization study found a causal association between higher plasma caffeine levels and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders (anorexia nervosa, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia).
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Karin Foerde, Janet E. Schebendach, Lauren Davis, Nathaniel Daw, B. Timothy Walsh, Daphna Shohamy, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: Restrictive eating is a central feature of anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders. This study examined the behavioral and neural mechanisms of restrictive eating among individuals with and without eating disorders. The findings showed that healthy individuals tended to choose high-fat foods, while patients with AN focused more on the healthiness of the food. Dorsal striatal activation associated with food choice was most pronounced among individuals with AN, and it was significantly associated with selecting fewer high-fat choices and lower caloric intake.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Karin Foerde, Nathaniel D. Daw, Teresa Rufin, B. Timothy Walsh, Daphna Shohamy, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: Research in computational psychiatry has found that individuals with anorexia nervosa show impairments in model-based learning, indicating a persistent contribution of habitual over goal-directed control. This pattern remains consistent across different contexts and time points, suggesting that achieving weight restoration may not remediate the preference for habitual behavior over goal-directed behavior in individuals with AN.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Lauren M. Schaefer, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: The review discusses how reward-related processes may play a key role in eating pathology across disorders, and reviews theories, assessments, and findings related to reward learning using the NIMH Research Domain Criteria. Deficits in reinforcement learning are suggested by behavioral task data, especially with increasing disorder severity and duration. Self-report data indicate the importance of positive eating and thinness/restriction expectancies in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology.
CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Karin Foerde, B. Timothy Walsh, Maya Dalack, Nathaniel Daw, Daphna Shohamy, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: The study found that there was a stronger association between caudate activity and food choices among individuals with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls before treatment, and decreases in caudate engagement among individuals with anorexia nervosa undergoing treatment were associated with increases in high-fat food choices.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Alexandra F. Muratore, Mariya Bershad, Joanna E. Steinglass, Karin E. Foerde, Loren Gianini, Allegra Broft, Evelyn Attia
Summary: The study found that HF-rTMS to the right DLPFC was associated with a reduction of fat avoidance among inpatients with anorexia nervosa in a food choice task. This suggests that this region and related neural circuits may be involved in restrictive food choice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rachel Presskreischer, Joanna E. Steinglass, Kelly E. Anderson
Summary: This study examines the prevalence, demographic and clinical characteristics, and healthcare spending of Medicare enrollees with eating disorders. The findings show that individuals with eating disorders have higher rates of comorbid conditions and healthcare spending compared to those without. Risk factors associated with significant healthcare spending and adverse health outcomes are identified.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice M. Xue, Karin Foerde, B. Timothy Walsh, Joanna E. Steinglass, Daphna Shohamy, Akram Bakkour
Summary: Decisions about what to eat involve the OFC and the evaluation of taste and health attributes. By using fMRI and behavioral tasks, this study found that activity patterns in the OFC can decode subjective ratings of tastiness and healthiness. However, the OFC activity related to health attributes is more related to choice preferences in patients with AN compared to healthy individuals.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Joanna E. Steinglass, Evelyn Attia, Deborah R. Glasofer, Yuanjia Wang, Julia Ruggiero, B. Timothy Walsh, J. Graham Thomas
Summary: This study aims to develop a relapse prevention treatment for anorexia nervosa that focuses on persistent maladaptive behaviors. Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework, the study aims to identify which components of treatment contribute to positive outcomes. The treatment consists of 6 months of outpatient telehealth sessions, with behavior, cognitive, and motivation components, as well as food monitoring and skill consolidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Monica Jablonski, Janet Schebendach, B. Timothy Walsh, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: This study compared eating behaviors between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), patients with atypical AN, and healthy controls. The results showed that individuals with atypical AN were as restrictive in their food intake as individuals with AN, with a particular emphasis on dietary fat restriction. Further research with larger samples is needed to replicate these findings and develop appropriate treatment recommendations for atypical AN.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Brennan H. Baker, Yoonjung Yoonie Joo, Junghoon Park, Jiook Cha, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found an association between young maternal age and increased risk for child ADHD. Socioeconomic disadvantages were likely the primary explanation for this association, although genetics and environmental factors also played a role.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Nikki Pagano, Deborah R. Glasofer, Evelyn Attia, Julia Ruggiero, Kelechi Eziri, Carly M. Goldstein, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: Including the perspectives of individuals with lived experience of mental health issues is crucial in research and treatment development. Focus groups were conducted with patients who had a history of treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) to gather their opinions and suggestions for the Relapse Prevention and Changing Habits (REACH+) clinical trial. The feedback from patients highlighted the importance of patient engagement in treatment decisions and the need to address differences and challenges in treatment components and methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Joanna Steinglass, Caitlin Lloyd, Karin Foerde, Monica Jablonski, Susie Hong, Jonathan Posner
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Milenna van Dijk, Olivia Olmo, Irina Pokhvisneva, Sachin Patel, Jiook Cha, Marc Gameroff, Jonathan Posner, Michael J. Meaney, Myrna Weissman, Patricia Silveira, Ardesheer Talati
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Holly Hunsberger, Lee Seonjoo, Jiook Cha, Alicia Whye, Christine Ann Denny
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Seo-Yoon Moon, Hee-Hwan Wang, Hyun-Jin Kim, KaKyeong Kim, Eun-Ji Lee, Woo-Young Ahn, Yoonjung Yoonie Joo, Jiook Cha
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)