Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andres Fuentes-Flores, Cristian Geronimo-Olvera, Karina Girardi, David Necunir-Ibarra, Sandip Kumar Patel, Joanna Bons, Megan C. Wright, Daniel Geschwind, Ahmet Hoke, Jose A. Gomez-Sanchez, Birgit Schilling, Daniela L. Rebolledo, Judith Campisi, Felipe A. Court
Summary: Reparative Schwann cells transition into a senescent phenotype in aging and chronic denervation, leading to inhibition of axonal regeneration. Elimination of senescent cells improves nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Karim A. Sarhane, Benjamin R. Slavin, Nicholas Hricz, Harsha Malapati, Yi-nan Guo, Michael Grzelak, Irene Aran Chang, Heather Shappell, Nicholas von Guionneau, Alison L. Wong, Ruifa Mi, Ahmet Hoke, Sami H. Tuffaha
Summary: The study found that the detrimental effects of muscle denervation on functional recovery are more significant than the effects of SC denervation, with SC denervation having negligible impact on functional outcome. Further research is needed to investigate whether longer periods of SC denervation have negative effects on functional recovery.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liam A. McMorrow, Adrian Kosalko, Daniel Robinson, Alberto Saiani, Adam J. Reid
Summary: Patients with major peripheral nerve injury have poor recovery outcomes due to slow axonal regeneration and deterioration in the ability of the distal stump to support axonal growth. Schwann cells play a crucial role in nerve regeneration, but chronic denervation leads to instability in their repair phenotype and hinders regeneration support. Recent research on the cellular machinery, particularly the role of c-Jun, has opened opportunities for therapeutic intervention to support prolonged neural regeneration.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiong Xu, Lili Song, Yueying Li, Jin Guo, Shuo Huang, Shuang Du, Weizhen Li, Rangjuan Cao, Shusen Cui
Summary: Research demonstrated that Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) can maintain the repair phenotype of Schwann cells and promote peripheral nerve regeneration after chronic denervation through the TrkC/ERK/c-Jun pathway. This provides a potential target for clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury after chronic denervation.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ying Ma, Hao Wang, Qiqi Wang, Xiaodong Cao, Huichang Gao
Summary: This study developed a multi-channel nerve guidance conduit (NGC) with dual electrical activity of piezoelectricity and conductivity to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the electroactive NGC promoted cell proliferation, differentiation, axonal regeneration, and functional recovery of peripheral nerves, indicating its great potential in repairing peripheral nerve injuries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Frederic A. A. Vallejo, Anthony Diaz, Emily L. L. Errante, Taylor Smartz, Aisha Khan, Risset Silvera, Adriana E. E. Brooks, Yee-Shuan Lee, Stephen Shelby Burks, Allan D. D. Levi
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the therapeutic use of Schwann cells (SC) in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. The results showed that SCs have clear potential in improving morphological and functional outcomes in animal studies of long gap peripheral nerve injuries. However, the optimal nerve conduit or graft for delivering and retaining SCs for nerve regeneration has yet to be determined.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Gigi J. Ebenezer, Maria T. Pena, Amrita S. Daniel, Richard W. Truman, Linda Adams, Malcolm S. Duthie, Kelly Wagner, Serena Zampino, Eleanor Tolf, Daniel Tsottles, Michael Polydefkis
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Mycobacterium leprae infection on nerves in nine-banded armadillos. The results show that infection leads to nerve fiber loss and increased Schwann cell density. Epidermal reinnervation after excisional biopsy demonstrates dynamic changes, with the highest regeneration rate observed at 3 months post-infection. Excessive Schwann cell proliferation is proposed as the main pathological process and a potential therapeutic target to interrupt the pathogenic cascade of M. leprae.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrei V. Chernov, Veronica I. Shubayev
Summary: The convergence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the peripheral nervous system reshapes gene expression in response to nerve transection. This study reveals sexually dimorphic characteristics in these molecular programs, with male nerves exhibiting more extensive transcriptional changes. Sex-specific regulation of ion channels, neurotransmitter channels, and synaptic vesicle components were observed. The findings highlight the importance of epigenetic factors in sexually dimorphic nerve regenerative responses and provide insights into peripheral neuropathies.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Widya Adidharma, Alexander N. Khouri, Jennifer C. Lee, Kathryn Vanderboll, Theodore A. Kung, Paul S. Cederna, Stephen W. P. Kemp
Summary: Sensory afferent fibers, a crucial component of motor nerves, play a significant role in proprioception and motor control. After peripheral nerve injury, these fibers can reinnervate muscle, even unrelated ones, allowing for cross-innervation. This has important clinical applications in peripheral nerve repair, sensory protection, and prosthetic sensorimotor control.
Article
Neurosciences
Deepak Prasad Gupta, Anup Bhusal, Md Habibur Rahman, Jae-Hong Kim, Youngshik Choe, Jaemyung Jang, Hyun Jin Jung, Un-Kyung Kim, Jin-Sung Park, Lee-so Maeng, Kyoungho Suk, Gyun Jee Song
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of EBP50 in the repair function of Schwann cells and regeneration following nerve injury. EBP50 deficiency leads to deficits in Schwann cell functions and delays nerve repair and functional recovery. Additionally, EBP50 enhances regeneration by binding and activating ErbB2.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Philip J. Hanwright, Chenhu Qiu, Jennifer Rath, Yang Zhou, Nicholas von Guionneau, Karim A. Sarhane, Thomas G. W. Harris, Gregory P. Howard, Harsha Malapati, Michael J. Lan, Sashank Reddy, Ahmet Hoke, Hai-Quan Mao, Sami H. Tuffaha
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of a novel nanoparticle delivery system for targeted and sustained release of IGF-1, leading to improved motor recovery through amelioration of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and SC senescence and enhanced axonal regeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Errante, Anthony Diaz, Taylor Smartz, Aisha Khan, Risset Silvera, Adriana E. Brooks, Yee-Shuan Lee, S. Shelby Burks, Allan D. Levi
Summary: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is common in trauma patients, and severe PNI can be challenging to treat. The use of cell therapies, particularly Schwann cells, has shown effectiveness in PNI treatment. Our laboratory has demonstrated the effectiveness of Schwann cells in the treatment of severe PNI when used with axon guidance channels, but optimal cellular placement techniques are crucial.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Guidong Shi, Dingyu Hao, Lei Zhang, Jia Qin, Guangyuan Tian, Boyuan Ma, Xianhu Zhou
Summary: Through analysis of normal and activated Schwann cells, this study identified key genes and proteins involved in endocytosis and exosomes which may control the molecular mechanism of peripheral nerve repair. The study suggests that targeting endocytosis-associated pathways in Schwann cells could be a novel therapeutic approach for nerve tissue engineering and regeneration.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yunsong Zhang, Yinying Shen, Li Zhao, Qian Zhao, Lili Zhao, Sheng Yi
Summary: Nerve injury-induced Schwann cell dedifferentiation promotes axon growth by creating a favorable microenvironment. Transcription factor BCL11A plays a crucial role in Schwann cell reprogramming during peripheral nerve regeneration. Silencing Bcl11a reduces Schwann cell viability, proliferation, migration rates, and debris clearance ability. Bcl11a deficiency leads to restricted axon elongation and myelin wrapping, resulting in failed recovery. Mechanistically, BCL11A regulates Schwann cell activity by binding to the Nr2f2 promoter and modulating Nr2f2 expression. In conclusion, BCL11A is essential for Schwann cell activation and peripheral nerve regeneration, making it a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve injury treatment.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bing Xia, Xue Gao, Jiaqi Qian, Shengyou Li, Beibei Yu, Yiming Hao, Bin Wei, Teng Ma, Haining Wu, Shijie Yang, Yi Zheng, Xueli Gao, Lingli Guo, Jianbo Gao, Yujie Yang, Yongfeng Zhang, Yitao Wei, Borui Xue, Yan Jin, Zhuojing Luo, Jin Zhang, Jinghui Huang
Summary: A superparamagnetic nanocomposite scaffold is developed to control the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by applying a rotating magnetic field. This non-invasive and remotely time-scheduled method accelerates tissue regeneration, including that of peripheral nerves.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Sofia Bougioukli, Kevin C. Chung
Summary: Although distal radius fractures are common, nonunion is rare. Nonunion is associated with factors such as comminution, ulna fracture, inadequate immobilization, and patient-related factors. Treatment options depend on infection, joint condition, and previous surgeries. Surgical techniques include fixation with or without bone graft, as well as wrist arthrodesis.
Article
Orthopedics
Shea Ray, Claire Manske
Article
Orthopedics
Erin A. Miller, Jerry I. Huang
Summary: Scaphoid nonunion remains a challenging problem for hand surgeons, and attention to technical details is crucial. Aggressive debridement before grafting is considered the most critical step in the operation. Repairing scaphoid collapse can improve postoperative wrist function, although it is not necessary for achieving union.
Article
Orthopedics
Geert Alexander Buijze, Andreas Verstreken, Frederik Verstreken
Article
Orthopedics
Tamara D. Rozental, Ian T. Watkins
Summary: Nonunion has devastating impacts on patients recovering from fusion and fracture. Further research is needed to prevent and manage nonunion, with a specific focus on upper extremity cases.
Article
Orthopedics
Justin C. McCarty, Ryoko Hamaguchi, Kyle R. Eberlin
Summary: If left untreated, scaphoid nonunions can lead to advanced collapse and may require salvage procedures. Different techniques, including vascularized bone flaps, have been used to address this condition, with faster union time compared to nonvascularized grafts. Vascularized bone flaps should be considered by hand surgeons to achieve high union rates.
Article
Orthopedics
Maximilian A. Meyer, Fraser J. Leversedge
Summary: Ulnar styloid fractures commonly occur in conjunction with distal radius fractures, but can also occur in isolation. Most proximal fractures progress to asymptomatic nonunion with minimal effect on functional outcomes. Surgical intervention is warranted when symptomatic or causing persistent DRUJ instability. Advanced imaging and/or diagnostic wrist arthroscopy can provide critical information for TFCC repair.
Article
Orthopedics
Marc J. Richard, Catphuong L. Vu
Article
Orthopedics
Francisco Rodriguez-Fontan, Alexander Lauder
Article
Orthopedics
Jeremy E. Raducha, Warren C. Hammert
Article
Orthopedics
Chelsea C. Boe, Stephen A. Kennedy
Article
Orthopedics
Stefan Czerniecki, Mark Mishu, Ryan Schmucker
Summary: Nonunion of the metacarpals and phalanges is rare but can severely impact hand function if not properly treated. Addressing factors such as inadequate reduction and stabilization of fracture fragments, poor blood supply, and infection is crucial for successful treatment. Stable fixation methods, well-vascularized soft tissue transfer, and appropriate management of infection and bone gaps are important considerations.
