Review
Clinical Neurology
Xiaoyan Yang, Qiang Qiang, Nan Li, Peng Feng, Wenshi Wei, Christian Hoelscher
Summary: The global burden of ischemic stroke, a major public and social health concern, is on the rise. Hyperglycemia increases the risk of stroke, particularly in patients with diabetes. Treatment for ischemic stroke focuses on restoring cerebral blood flow and improving neurological impairment. GLP-1 RAs are considered to have neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mojca Jensterle, Manfredi Rizzo, Andrej Janez
Summary: GLP-1 is involved in taste perception, particularly in sweet taste, through its interaction with GLP-1 receptors in taste bud cells and nerves. While the impact of GLP-1-based therapies on gustatory coding in humans remains largely unaddressed, further exploration of the tongue as a new treatment target for GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical studies is encouraged. Pharmacological manipulation of gustatory coding may present a new potential strategy against obesity and diabetes, highlighting the topic's clinical relevance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Peyton W. Moore, Kevin Malone, Delena VanValkenburg, Lauren L. Rando, Brooke C. Williams, Hannah G. Matejowsky, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Elyse M. Cornett, Alan D. Kaye
Summary: This review explores the various pharmacologic treatments for overweight and obesity in adults, focusing on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists. It discusses the different categories and mechanisms of action of these medications, as well as their efficacy, adverse effects, and contraindications. The review also highlights the cost-effectiveness and long-term adherence of GLP-1 agonists compared to other treatments, aiming to assist healthcare providers in selecting the most suitable weight loss medication for each patient.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liliane El Eid, Christopher A. Reynolds, Alejandra Tomas, Ben Jones
Summary: This article reviews the structure and activation of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), providing structural evidence for biased agonism and describing important networks associated with this phenomenon. The authors survey current biased agonists and multi-agonists at different stages of development and discuss the findings related to non-synonymous genomic variants of GLP-1R. They propose that studying the effect of GLP-1R polymorphisms on receptor dynamics and pharmacology in response to biased agonists could lead to precision medicine approaches and the development of novel therapeutics.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karin L. Andersson, Jasmine B. Ha, Diane R. Abraczinskas, Emily J. Campbell, James M. Richter
Summary: This study found that colonoscopy takes longer in female patients compared to males, female endoscopists perform a higher proportion of female exams, and female patients have a lower adenoma detection rate. These gender differences could result in a 9.6% revenue loss per session for female gastroenterologists compared to their male counterparts.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safia Costes, Gyslaine Bertrand, Magalie A. Ravier
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to functional beta-cell decline and reduced insulin sensitivity. The decrease in beta-cell mass in T2D is partly attributed to beta-cell apoptosis triggered by diabetogenic situations. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in such situations and potential protective pathways by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joseph G. G. Timmons, Lucy Littlejohn, James G. G. Boyle, John R. R. Petrie
Summary: Although there have been many advances in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is still only achieved in a minority. Adjunct therapy, including insulin analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and others, is being investigated as a strategy to improve outcomes in type 1 diabetes.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stefan Trapp, Daniel Brierley
Summary: This review examines the similarities and differences between physiological systems regulated by gut-derived and neuronally produced GLP-1, discussing whether peripheral and central sources of GLP-1 are separate, linked, or redundant systems, as well as the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the brain GLP-1 system, and the implications for using GLP-1 receptor agonists as anti-obesity drugs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leigh Perreault, Bryan C. Bergman
Summary: This research letter provides a quick clinical reference for the rough equivalency between GLP-1 and GIP RA therapies in terms of A1c and body weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes, during a global shortage of these medications.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacqueline T. Vuong, Ashley F. Stein-Merlob, Arash Nayeri, Tamer Sallam, Tomas G. Neilan, Eric H. Yang
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies, but it may contribute to the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis, highlighting the need for close monitoring and management.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fuxun Yang, Fan Zeng, Xiaoxiu Luo, Yu Lei, Jiajia Li, Sen Lu, Xiaobo Huang, Yunping Lan, Rongan Liu
Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists can not only regulate blood glucose levels but also improve organ function, regulate immunity, and control inflammation in patients with sepsis. They have potential therapeutic benefits for sepsis patients with stress hyperglycemia.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Siyoung A. Lim, Alysia Cox, Madelynn Tung, Eun Ji Chung
Summary: The clinical application of nanoparticles (NPs) for RNA delivery has shown promising results in extending the half-life of therapeutic RNA molecules. This review discusses the NP formulations used in clinical practice and provides examples of RNA-NPs currently under evaluation for human use, as well as failed NP formulations.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katherine O. Kopp, Elliot J. Glotfelty, Yazhou Li, Nigel H. Greig
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and targeting this inflammation has not been effectively utilized in clinical treatments. The risk of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases is associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, suggesting that alleviating diabetes pathology may help treat neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. GLP-1 is a hormone that promotes healthy insulin signaling and has shown anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Nasr E. Nasr, Kadry M. Sadek
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a global disease with various complications. The gut may release a pancreatic stimulant in response to nutritional ingestion. Researchers have been exploring the use of incretins to treat diabetes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen O'Rahilly
Summary: The 2021 Gairdner Prize was awarded to Daniel Drucker, Joel Habener, and Jens Juul Holst for their discovery of novel peptides encoded in the proglucagon sequence and the establishment of their physiological roles. These discoveries have led to the development of therapeutics that are currently benefiting patients with type 2 diabetes and other disorders worldwide.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Guido J. Bakker, Abraham S. Meijnikman, Torsten P. Scheithauer, Mark Davids, Omrum Aydin, Thomas C. C. Boerlage, L. Maurits de Brauw, Arnold W. van de Laar, Victor E. Gerdes, Albert K. Groen, Daniel H. van Raalte, Hilde Herrema, Max Nieuwdorp
Summary: The study found that fecal microbiota transplantation did not change the visceral bacterial DNA content or inflammation levels in obese individuals, suggesting that bacterial translocation may not be the main driver of visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marcel H. A. Muskiet, Lennart Tonneijck, Mark M. Smits, Mark H. H. Kramer, D. Margriet Ouwens, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, A. H. Jan Danser, Jaap A. Joles, Daniel H. van Raalte
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin did not reduce postprandial hyperfiltration compared to the sulphonylurea glimepiride. However, it appeared to increase the filtration fraction after a meal by potentially raising blood pressure or efferent arteriolar resistance.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael J. B. van Baar, Erik J. M. van Bommel, Mark M. Smits, Daan J. Touw, Max Nieuwdorp, Reinier W. ten Kate, Jaap A. Joles, Daniel H. van Raalte
Summary: In adults with T2D and normal kidney function, whole-body insulin clearance is mainly influenced by lean body mass and insulin sensitivity, and to a lesser extent by renal plasma flow. This challenges the previous understanding that kidney insulin clearance plays a dominant role in whole-body insulin clearance.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Charlotte C. van Ruiten, Mark M. Smits, Megan D. Kok, Erik H. Serne, Daniel H. van Raalte, Mark H. H. Kramer, Max Nieuwdorp, Richard G. IJzerman
Summary: This study aimed to assess the mechanisms underlying the blood pressure reduction with SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The results showed that dapagliflozin-induced plasma volume contraction may contribute to the initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction, while a reduction in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity may contribute to persistent SBP reduction. Dapagliflozin-exenatide resulted in the largest decrease in SBP, suggesting that other mechanisms are likely involved in the blood pressure lowering effect of this combination.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anne C. Hesp, Mark M. Smits, Erik J. M. van Bommel, Marcel H. A. Muskiet, Lennart Tonneijck, Max Nieuwdorp, Mark H. H. Kramer, Jaap A. Joles, Petter Bjornstad, Daniel H. van Raalte
Summary: This study found that systemic vascular pathology is related to diabetic kidney disease, with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness being associated with glomerular hyperfiltration.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Melissa J. Johnson, Kalie L. Tommerdahl, Carissa Vinovskis, Sushrut Waikar, Trenton Reinicke, Chirag R. Parikh, Wassim Obeid, Robert G. Nelson, Daniel H. van Raalte, Laura Pyle, Kristen J. Nadeau, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: This study examined the relationship between kidney biomarkers and intrarenal hemodynamic function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The results showed that higher concentrations of biomarkers YKL-40 and KIM-1 were associated with higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and intraglomerular pressure (P-GLO) in adolescents with T1D. The study suggests that elevated concentrations of YKL-40 and KIM-1 may help define the risk for intraglomerular hemodynamic dysfunction in youth with T1D.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Timothy Vigers, Carissa Vinovskis, Lu-Ping Li, Pottumarthi Prasad, Hiddo Heerspink, Angelo D'Alessandro, Julie A. Reisz, Federica Piani, David Z. Cherney, Daniel H. van Raalte, Kristen J. Nadeau, Meda E. Pavkov, Robert G. Nelson, Laura Pyle, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: This study compared plasma metabolites between youth with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and found lower levels of metabolites associated with amino acid oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in individuals with T1DM. These metabolites were related to kidney function and may serve as potential biomarkers for improving kidney bioenergetics.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rosalie A. Scholtes, Marcel H. A. Muskiet, Michiel J. B. van Baar, Anne C. Hesp, Peter J. Greasley, Ann Hammarstedt, Cecilia Karlsson, Karen M. Hallow, A. H. Jan Danser, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Daniel H. van Raalte
Summary: This study found that dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, can maintain sodium balance and prevent excessive fluid loss by increasing sodium uptake in the distal tubules, decreasing fractional urea excretion, and reducing free water clearance.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2022)
Letter
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tim Schutte, Claudia A. M. Stege, Mark M. Smits, Laurens E. Franssen, Marjolein L. Donker, David C. de Leeuw
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caterina Racca, Emma J. Bouman, Cornelis A. J. Van Beers, Mark M. Smits, Daniel H. van Raalte, Erik H. Sern
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and the association between glucose variability (GV) and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH). The results showed that CAN was present in 35% of the participants and participants with CAN had lower hypoglycaemic parameters. After correction for confounders, there was a significant positive association between hypoglycaemic parameters and cardiovascular autonomic function measures.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rosalie A. Scholtes, Charlotte M. Mosterd, Anne C. Hesp, Mark M. Smits, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Daniel H. van Raalte
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, the ARB losartan, and their combination on blood pressure. The results suggest that combination therapy has a greater blood pressure-lowering effect compared to monotherapy with either drug alone.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark M. Smits, Daniel H. van Raalte
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark M. Smits, Jens J. Holst
Summary: In recent years, the beneficial effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists have been observed, such as reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and body weight in those with obesity. However, there are differences in their routes of action compared to endogenous GLP-1. It may be useful to develop agents that stimulate GLP-1 release in order to overcome the limitations of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
