Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theresa Andrasfay, Noreen Goldman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced life expectancy in the United States, particularly impacting Black and Latino populations. Projections suggest a stark decline in life expectancy for these groups compared to Whites, with significant implications for health disparities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Farida B. Ahmad, Robert N. Anderson, Karen Knight, Lauren M. Rossen, Paul D. Sutton
Summary: In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, NCHS took quick action to meet the growing demand for reliable and real-time data on COVID-19 deaths. They developed certification guidance, adjusted data processing systems, and set up a surveillance system to release daily updates on COVID-19 deaths, tracking the impact of the pandemic on US mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Micaela Sandoval, Duc T. Nguyen, Farhaan S. Vahidy, Edward A. Graviss
Summary: This study investigated demographic and clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19 and readmission among young adults aged 18-29 in Houston, Texas. Findings indicated that factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, asthma history, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and diabetes were predictive of severe disease and readmission within 30 days. The study highlights the need for COVID-19 awareness and prevention in young adults, especially those in marginalized communities with underlying health conditions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Donglan Zhang, Gang Li, Lu Shi, Emily Martin, Zhuo Chen, Jian Li, Liwei Chen, Yan Li, Ming Wen, Baojiang Chen, Hongmei Li, Dejun Su, Xuesong Han
Summary: This study investigates the association of racial discrimination with delaying or forgoing care during the pandemic. The results show that racial discrimination is significantly associated with delayed or forgone healthcare among non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and East/Southeast Asians. Addressing racism is important for reducing disparities in healthcare delivery during the pandemic and beyond.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauren Gilstrap, Weiping Zhou, Marcella Alsan, Anoop Nanda, Jonathan S. Skinner
Summary: This study examines the association between COVID-19 infection rates and excess mortality among individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The results indicate that there is an increased risk of excess mortality among older adults with ADRD, especially for Asian, Black, and Hispanic populations and those living in nursing homes, even in areas with low COVID-19 prevalence.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Isabel P. De Ramos, Amy H. Auchincloss, Usama Bilal
Summary: This study examined inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by race/ethnicity and urbanicity in the US. It found that residents in metropolitan areas had higher life expectancies than those in non-metropolitan areas. The widest inequality in life expectancy was between Asian/Pacific Islander women and Black men. Recent trends show a stagnation in life expectancy and an increase in lifespan variation. The inequalities in both life expectancy and lifespan variation between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas have widened over time.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Reza Mohebi, Chen Chen, Nasrien E. Ibrahim, Cian P. McCarthy, Hanna K. Gaggin, Daniel E. Singer, Emily P. Hyle, Jason H. Wasfy, James L. Januzzi
Summary: This study aims to project the number of people with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in the future and uncover disparities based on sex, race, and ethnicity. It is projected that there will be significant increases in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by 2060, disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rishi K. Wadhera, Jose F. Figueroa, Fatima Rodriguez, Michael Liu, Wei Tian, Dhruv S. Kazi, Yang Song, Robert W. Yeh, Karen E. Joynt Maddox
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations experienced a disproportionate increase in deaths related to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, while the White population had a smaller increase in deaths.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ryan K. Masters, Steven H. Woolf, Laudan Y. Aron
Summary: Since the 1980s, the United States has consistently had a lower life expectancy at birth compared to other high-income countries. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated this disadvantage, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hyunjung Lee, Gopal K. Singh
Summary: The study shows disparities in physical and mental health outcomes based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, indicating a need for increased policy efforts to reduce health disparities.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Bailey Wallace, Daniel Chang, Kate Woodworth, Carla L. DeSisto, Regina Simeone, Jean Y. Ko, Van T. Tong, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Sascha R. Ellington
Summary: The study compared in-hospital illness severity indicators by COVID-19 status in newborns born between March and December 2020. It found low incidence of COVID-19 diagnosis in newborns during that period, with differences in illness severity among different racial/ethnic groups and gestational ages. Clinical data are needed to further understand risk profiles of newborns with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ronald C. Chen, Kevin Haynes, Simo Du, John Barron, Aaron J. Katz
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant declines in cancer screening rates, resulting in an estimated deficit of 9.4 million screenings across the US population in 2020. These declines varied by geographic region and socioeconomic status index, with the use of telehealth associated with higher screening rates. Public health efforts are needed to address this large deficit in cancer screening associated with the pandemic.
Article
Political Science
Gerda Hooijer, Desmond King
Summary: This article documents the broad impact of COVID-19 on minority communities and presents a theoretical framework rooted in racial and ethnic legacies to analyze the health and economic disparities between these communities and the white majority population. Based on empirical evidence from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the study finds that the pandemic's distribution patterns are consistent with the enduring burden of racial and ethnic legacies. Governments' initial responses have failed to address the particular challenges faced by minority communities, exacerbating health and economic inequalities.
PERSPECTIVES ON POLITICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cindy Im, Lalani L. Munasinghe, Jose M. Martinez, William Letsou, Farideh Bagherzadeh-Khiabani, Soudabeh Marin, Yutaka Yasui
Summary: The COVID-19 mortality rate in the United States is positively correlated with the proportion of Black and Hispanic residents at the county level, indicating significant racial disparities. Without this disparity gradient, the US COVID-19 death count would have been significantly lower.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tim Adair, Brian Houle, Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Summary: Australia experienced a significant decline in life expectancy in 2022 after a sharp increase in 2020 and a moderate decline in 2021. However, overall life expectancy during the pandemic was still higher for both males and females compared to the years prior to the pandemic. The decrease in life expectancy in 2022 was greater than in other countries that experienced a rise in life expectancy in the first year of the pandemic. The negative impact of COVID-19 deaths on life expectancy in Australia was offset by a decrease in non-communicable disease mortality. The differences in life expectancy change between states with stringent restrictions and the rest of Australia were minimal.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Bo Qin, Riddhi A. Babel, Jesse J. Plascak, Yong Lin, Antoinette M. Stroup, Noreen Goldman, Christine B. Ambrosone, Kitaw Demissie, Chi-Chen Hong, Elisa Bandera, Adana A. M. Llanos
Summary: This study evaluated the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status and breast cancer subtypes among Black women, finding that Black women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods have an increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer, particularly in areas with lower proportions of Black residents. The findings suggest that where people live may influence breast tumor biology, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of multilevel pathways contributing to tumor biology.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theresa Andrasfay, Noreen Goldman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced life expectancy in the United States, particularly impacting Black and Latino populations. Projections suggest a stark decline in life expectancy for these groups compared to Whites, with significant implications for health disparities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jesse J. Plascak, Adana A. M. Llanos, Bo Qin, Laxmi Chavali, Yong Lin, Karen S. Pawlish, Noreen Goldman, Chi-Chen Hong, Kitaw Demissie, Elisa V. Bandera
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between visual cues of residential environments and stress in Black breast cancer survivors, finding a marginal association in univariate models but attenuated after adjustment for other factors. The associations between observed built environment characteristics and stress may be influenced by socioeconomic and health behavior factors, warranting further longitudinal studies for validation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne R. Pebley, Noreen Goldman, Theresa Andrasfay, Boriana Pratt
Summary: The study found that Latinos in the US live longer than non-Latino whites but spend more years disabled, partly due to the physically strenuous jobs they often have. Differences in physical work effort between Latinos and whites at different ages are related to functional limitations at older ages.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcia C. Castro, Susie Gurzenda, Cassio M. Turra, Sun Kim, Theresa Andrasfay, Noreen Goldman
Summary: Brazil has been heavily impacted by COVID-19, with a significant increase in deaths in 2020 and 2021, leading to a decline in life expectancy and mortality levels not seen since 20 years ago.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noreen Goldman, Anne R. Pebley, Keunbok Lee, Theresa Andrasfay, Boriana Pratt
Summary: This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in work-related exposure to COVID-19, and finds that white frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs, while black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented. However, further analysis by occupational standing reveals that Latino and black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations and may have inadequate COVID-19 protections.
Correction
Psychology, Biological
Joao Verissimo, Paul Verhaeghen, Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, Michael T. Ullman
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
John Verssimo, Paul Verhaeghen, Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, Michael T. Ullman
Summary: The study found that efficiency of attentional orienting and executive inhibition increased into the 70s, while attentional alerting declined. Age has varied effects on attention and executive functions, with some aspects declining while others improving.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Demography
Katherine Leggat-Barr, Fumiya Uchikoshi, Noreen Goldman
Summary: The mortality rate of Native Americans due to COVID-19 far exceeds that of Black and Latino populations, and varies greatly across states. There is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of Native Americans living on reservations and SMR.
DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Theresa Andrasfay, Nina Raymo, Noreen Goldman, Anne R. Pebley
Summary: The research indicates that physical work exposures are likely an important pathway through which disparities in physical functioning arise. Factors such as posture, force, vibration, and repetition in the workplace can lead to musculoskeletal disorders and chronic conditions. Workers with lower education levels tend to experience higher physical demands at work, while there are significant racial and ethnic differences in exposure to these risk factors, which can impact individuals' quality of life and ability to remain independent.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Bo Qin, Kate Kim, Noreen Goldman, Andrew G. Rundle, Dhanya Chanumolu, Nur Zeinomar, Baichen Xu, Karen S. Pawlish, Christine B. Ambrosone, Kitaw Demissie, Chi-Chen Hong, Gina S. Lovasi, Elisa Bandera
Summary: This study found that both individual and neighborhood factors were associated with adiposity change among Black breast cancer survivors. Only a small proportion of women had intentional weight loss, and multilevel risk factors differed greatly from unintentional loss.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theresa Andrasfay, Noreen Goldman
Summary: COVID-19 had a significant impact on mortality in the US in 2020, with racial/ethnic disparities. Despite hopes of reducing disparities through widespread vaccination, estimates show that the US population experienced a decline in life expectancy at birth in 2021 compared to 2019, with racial/ethnic disparities persisting but slightly smaller than in 2020.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heeju Sohn, Anne R. Pebley, Amanda Landrian Gonzalez, Noreen Goldman
Summary: This study examines changes in the sociodemographic patterns of deportation and voluntary return of undocumented immigrants from the United States to Mexico during three US presidential administrations (2001 to 2019) with different immigration policies. The study compares changes in the sex, age, education, and marital status distributions of deportees and voluntary return migrants with the corresponding changes in the undocumented population. The study finds that disparities by sociodemographic characteristics in the likelihood of deportation increased during Obama's first term, while sociodemographic disparities in the likelihood of voluntary return generally decreased over this period.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Demography
Marcia C. Castro, Susie Gurzenda, Cassio M. Turra, Sun Kim, Theresa Andrasfay, Noreen Goldman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society, economy, and health globally. Researchers estimated the decline in life expectancy at birth (e0) in 2020 to assess the COVID-19 death toll. However, using data from the United States and Brazil, we found that COVID-19 is not independent of other causes of death, and the assumption of independence can lead to overestimation or underestimation of the decline in e0, depending on the changes in other reported causes of death in 2020.
Article
Industrial Relations & Labor
Theresa Andrasfay, Anne R. Pebley, Noreen Goldman
Summary: Physically demanding work at later ages, especially among disadvantaged groups, is associated with health inequality. Comparing measurements from O*NET and HRS, it is found that both measures reveal similar disparities in physical work exposures and associations with declines in physical functioning.
WORK AGING AND RETIREMENT
(2023)
