Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bhavana Gupta, Lin Zhang, Ambrose Ashwin Melvin, Bertrand Goudeau, Laurent Bouffier, Alexander Kuhn
Summary: The article introduces a design of an electromechanical system based on conducting polymers to drive a wireless microfluidic pump through asymmetric polarization induced by an electric field, eliminating the need for a physical connection to a power source. The performance of the electrochemically active soft pump can be fine-tuned by optimizing the material's wall thickness, length, and inner diameter, offering new opportunities for actuators in the field of fluidic or microfluidic devices.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ankush Kumar, Kamila Janzakova, Yannick Coffinier, Sebastien Pecqueur, Fabien Alibart
Summary: Electropolymerization is a bottom-up materials engineering process that deposits conducting dendrites by utilizing electrical signals in a redox reaction. This process resembles synaptogenesis in the brain and has potential applications in neuromorphic engineering and bottom-up computing strategies. The study reveals the relationship between dendritic shape and growth process with particle concentration and random scattering by simulating the motion of charged particles under different electrical conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ambrose Ashwin Melvin, Bhavana Gupta, Kostiantyn Tieriekhov, Wojciech Nogala, Patrick Garrigue, Stephane Reculusa, Alexander Kuhn
Summary: An actuator controlled by light and electric field in a synergistic manner was reported, allowing for better control and a wider range of potential applications, especially in soft robotics. The actuator demonstrated reversible actuation in an aqueous solution through electrochemical reactions, leading to controlled motion based on logic gate operations. Such synergistic switching enables the development of original actuation schemes for complex mechanical tasks triggered by multiple stimuli.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
M. H. Abdel-Aziz, H. A. Maddah, M. Sh. Zoromba, Ahmed F. Al-Hossainy
Summary: HCl doped-copolymer of ortho phenylene diamine, meta phenylene diamine, and pyrrole terpolymers blend was synthesized and deposited as thin films. The blend exhibited improved optical characteristics and showed potential for application in polymer solar cells. The theoretical and experimental analyses confirmed the structural and optical consistency of the blend.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Evgeniy O. Bortnikov, Sergey N. Semenov
Summary: Modern organic electrochemistry enables a wide range of synthetic transformations in a convenient and environmentally friendly manner. However, the limitations inherent in traditional electrochemical experiments, such as mass and heat transfer and non-homogeneous electric field, can sometimes hinder the effectiveness of the method. The development of unconventional approaches to electrochemical experiments can help overcome these issues by introducing significant modifications to the traditional experimental design.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Han Chen, Jared L. Anderson, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This paper presents an electropolymerization-based on-chip valving system, which allows the creation of solid conductive polymeric ionic liquid (CPIL) microstructures at specific locations determined by microfluidics, phase boundaries, and electrode potentials. The CPIL is synthesized using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid functionalized with a pyrrole moiety, and its viscosity, hydrophobicity, and oxidation potential can be tuned. The method involves displacing the aqueous phase with CPIL using bipolar electrodes and applying different waveforms to generate immobilized polymer films in different patterns.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Adelyne Fannir, Cedric Plesse, Giao T. M. Nguyen, Frederic Vidal
Summary: In this study, high performance trilayer bending actuators were fabricated by electro-interpenetrating a conducting polymer within a host membrane. The oxidative chemical prepolymerization of EDOT allowed for controlled interpenetration of PEDOT underneath the surface. The increase in local concentration of PEDOT in the electrodes led to a significant increase in charge density and improved the actuator's strain capability.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chunyan Qin, Zhilian Yue, Xu-Feng Huang, Robert J. Forster, Gordon G. Wallace, Jun Chen
Summary: Utilizing organic conducting polymers for bipolar electrostimulation has enhanced communication with living cells, particularly in terms of cell differentiation. The new BPES system shows potential for clinical applications related to translational models of human mental disorders.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wail Al Zoubi, Addul Wahab Allaf, Bassem Assfour, Young Gun Ko
Summary: A new strategy combining interface-plasma electrolysis and ultrahigh-vacuum physical vapor deposition has been developed to fabricate functionalized two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic (2D HOI) materials, demonstrating exceptional corrosion protection. Controlled growth of organic thin films based on reaction sites in organic molecules and the formation of flower-like structures upon contact with reactive solution facilitate corrosive penetration of the magnesium substrate. The theoretical calculations reveal a robust interaction between BTC molecules and the inorganic surface, contributing to the understanding of the organic-inorganic interfaces.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yasemin A. Udum, Melek Aktas Gemci, Duygu Cevher, Saniye Soylemez, Ali Cirpan, Levent Toppare
Summary: In this study, a novel D-A-D type monomer containing hexylthiophene as the donor and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole as the acceptor was successfully electropolymerized to produce P(DTFBT). The electrochromic properties of the polymer and its performance in amperometric biosensors were investigated. The modified electrode surface with laccase immobilization showed potential for catechol sensing. Biosensor optimization values, cycle number, enzyme amount, pH, and interfering compounds were also examined. The results demonstrated that the sensor had satisfactory accuracy and could be used for catechol quantification.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yeeun Jeon, Vo Dinh Cong Tinh, Vu Dong Thuc, Dukjoon Kim
Summary: Bipolar membranes (BPMs) were fabricated using sulfonated poly(fluorine biphenyl indole) based proton exchange membrane (PEM) and poly(arylene piperidinium) based anion exchange membrane (AEM) for green hydrogen production. Different ionic conductivity pairs between PEM and AEM were explored in three designed BPMs to study their effect on water electrolysis performance. Among them, BPM 80/20 exhibited the best performance with low cell voltage and high stability in acidic and basic environments.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Ziye Zhang, Deti Xie, Jiupai Ni, Chengsheng Ni
Summary: BYC is a prototypical superconducting oxide with a superior mixed electronic and ionic conductivity, and Fe doping can enhance its electrochemical performance and power output.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Bhavana Gupta, Pawel Suchomski, Ambrose Ashwin Melvin, Steven Linfield, Marcin Opallo, Wojciech Nogala
Summary: The use of bipolar electrochemistry provides a fast, straightforward, and cost-effective method to wirelessly produce an optical signal for moisture estimation in sand and other bulk materials. By polarizing a light-emitting diode (LED) immersed in moist sand through an electric field, an electrochemical reaction is triggered, leading to the flow of current. This bipolar activation of the LED creates an optically-readable moisture sensor, with the light emission intensity depending on moisture content and salt concentration. The signal can be considered as an AND logic gate, opening possibilities for wireless and user-friendly moisture sensors.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hao Huang, Maria Stromme, Adolf Gogoll, Martin Sjodin
Summary: This study explored conducting redox polymers (CRPs) as electrode materials for organic batteries, which are composed of a polypyrrole conducting polymer backbone with attached quinone pendant groups. A modular organic synthetic approach allowed for the assembly of pyrrole and quinone units into quinone-pyrrole dyads with tunable quinone formal potentials. By choosing CRPs with different quinone potentials as anode and cathode material, an all-organic water-based battery was constructed, showing good correlation between cell potentials and redox potential differences.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Fontana-Escartin, Guillem Ruano, Fiorella M. Silva, Francesc Estrany, Jordi Puiggali, Carlos Aleman, Juan Torras
Summary: In this study, a new interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) was successfully prepared by electrochemically interpenetrating conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with a biodegradable hydrogel poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) using poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT). The optimized material exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability, making it potentially valuable for biomedical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Tomoyuki Kurioka, Takahiro Komamura, Naoki Shida, Teruaki Hayakawa, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: The ordered structure of poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) (P3EHT) films can be controlled by changing the solvent used to prepare them. The successful electrochemical post-functionalization (ePF) of P3EHT films is attributed to their greater electrochemical conductivity compared to amorphous P3EHT films.
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yulin Shi, Elena Villani, Yequan Chen, Yaqian Zhou, Zhenghao Chen, Altaf Hussain, Guobao Xu, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: Bipolar electrochemistry has gained renewed interest as an effective approach for materials synthesis due to its unique features compared to conventional electrochemistry, such as wireless electrode reactions and gradient potential distribution. In this study, we report the high-throughput electrosynthesis of gradient polypyrrole films using a new electrochemical cell design called the single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES). The SEESs consist of multiple microelectrochemical cells attached to an indium tin oxide electrode, allowing for parallel electrochemical reactions to be carried out simultaneously and controlled by a single electrode. The use of SEES has been shown to be a convenient and cost-effective strategy for high-throughput electrosynthesis and has opened up a new approach for rapid condition screening in gradient film preparation.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tomoki Hirohata, Susumu Kawauchi, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: This paper investigates the electrochemical reduction behavior of the new redox-active hexagonal macrocycle pillar[6]quinone (P[Q]6) in the presence of Li+ ions dissolved in an aprotic solvent using density functional theory calculations. The results show that the electrostatic repulsion between quinone units determines the multi-electron reduction behavior of P[Q]6, which is consistent with the voltammetric measurements. The lithiation process involves bridging of adjacent carbonyl groups by Li+ ions and the formation of coordination bonds outside the macrocycle, and the calculated lithiation potentials correspond to the voltammogram waveform. Preliminary calculations involving two macrocycles confirm intermolecular lithium coordination. These findings enhance our understanding of the electrochemical properties of P[Q]6 and its potential application in redox materials.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hideyuki Nojima, Takashi Shimoda, Shinsuke Inagi, Toshio Fuchigami
Summary: Various anodic substitution reactions, including fluorination, methoxylation, acetoxylation, and cyanation, of heteroatom compounds containing sulfur or nitrogen were comparatively studied using boron-doped diamond (BDD), Pt, and glassy carbon (GC) anodes. It was found that BDD anode, similar to Pt anode, is highly effective for these reactions despite both BDD and GC electrodes being carbon-based materials.
ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Toshiyasu Fujita, Shinsuke Inagi, Toshio Fuchigami
Summary: Anodic oxidation of PhTeR (R = CF3CH2, CF2H, Me, Ph) was performed in methanol with various supporting electrolytes (YO- M+) such as p-tosylate, benzenesulfonate, acetate, and benzoate salts using a divided cell, yielding predominantly monomeric PhRTe(OY)(2) and dimeric PhR(OY)Te-O-TePhR(OY) compounds in moderate to good yields.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenghao Chen, Yaqian Zhou, Elena Villani, Naoki Shida, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: Recently, it has been found that poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) fibers can be produced from bipolar electrodes in acetonitrile solution using alternating current (AC)-bipolar electro-polymerization. This study extends this method to ionic liquid (IL) media and explores the growth of PEDOT fibers in three different ILs. The obtained PEDOT morphologies were found to be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the ILs.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Yushi Ohno, Shogo Ando, Daisuke Furusho, Ryoyu Hifumi, Yuuya Nagata, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: Here, a facile and selective synthesis of cationic azatriphenylene derivatives was achieved through electrochemical intramolecular cyclization, where the key step involves atom-economical C-H pyridination without a transition-metal catalyst or an oxidant. This proposed strategy provides a practical approach for introducing cationic nitrogen (N (+)) into pi-electron systems, thus expanding the molecular design of N (+)-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tomoki Shirokura, Tomoki Hirohata, Kosuke Sato, Elena Villani, Kazuyasu Sekiya, Yu-An Chien, Tomoyuki Kurioka, Ryoyu Hifumi, Yoshiyuki Hattori, Masato Sone, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: We report a novel synthetic methodology that utilizes an electrogenerated acid (EGA) as an effective Bronsted acid catalyst for imine bond formation and provides the corresponding COF film deposited on the electrode surface. The COF structures obtained with this method exhibited high crystallinities and porosities, and the film thickness could be controlled. Furthermore, this process was applied for the synthesis of various imine-based COFs, including a three-dimensional (3D) COF structure.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Elena Villani, Yanyun Zhang, Zhenghao Chen, Yaqian Zhou, Mariko Konishi, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: In this study, we developed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) thin films and their composites, such as PEDOT-copper (PEDOT-Cu) and PEDOT-polythiophene (PEDOT-PT), on a nonconductive substrate using AC-bipolar electropolymerization. These films were then utilized as wireless electrodes for the generation of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The intensity and spatial distribution of the ECL light emission were found to be correlated with the conductivity and composition of the different polymer films.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yoshimasa Matsumura, Alvin Tanudjaja, Mizuki Fukushima, Makoto Higuchi, Shin Ogino, Makoto Ishidoshiro, Yasuyuki Irie, Hiroaki Imoto, Kensuke Naka, Ryoyu Hifumi, Shinsuke Inagi, Ikuyoshi Tomita
Summary: Donor-acceptor type p-conjugated polymers with heterole units were synthesized by reacting a regioregular organometallic polymer containing both reactive titanacyclopentadiene and electron-donor thiophene-2,5-diyl units in the main chain with electrophiles. A polymer with an electron-accepting phosphole unit was obtained with a 54% yield and a number-average molecular weight (M(n)) of 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution (M(w)/M(n)) of 1.9. The obtained polymer showed a narrow band gap energy level (E(g)) of 1.78 eV due to the alternating structure of thiophene and phosphole.
DESIGNED MONOMERS AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Olesja Koleda, Tobias Prenzel, Johannes Winter, Tomoki Hirohata, Maria de Jesus Galvez-Vazquez, Dieter Schollmeyer, Shinsuke Inagi, Edgars Suna, Siegfried R. Waldvogel
Summary: Cathodic synthesis enables the sustainable access to 1-hydroxy- and 1-oxy-quinazolin-4-ones utilizing easily accessible nitro starting materials. This method features mild reaction conditions, inexpensive and reusable carbon-based electrode materials, an undivided electrochemical setup, and constant current conditions. The use of sulphuric acid as a supporting electrolyte and cyclization catalyst, along with the broad applicability demonstrated with 27 differently substituted derivatives achieving high yields (up to 92%), emphasizes its significance for preparative applications. Mechanistic studies based on cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal the selective reduction of nitro substrates to hydroxylamines as a crucial step.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yaqian Zhou, Elena Villani, Tomoyuki Kurioka, Yanyun Zhang, Ikuyoshi Tomita, Shinsuke Inagi
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical strategy for precise control of the location of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules on patterned electrodes is reported, resulting in photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent patterns with a variety of colors. Combining the electrooxidation process with various conducting polymers (CPs) and bipolar electrochemistry, gradient luminescent patterns can be easily achieved. The findings suggest that this electrochemical method provides a way to develop abundant luminescent patterns.
Article
Polymer Science
Alvin Tanudjaja, Makoto Higuchi, Tomohiro Imai, Yoshimasa Matsumura, Ryoyu Hifumi, Shinsuke Inagi, Ikuyoshi Tomita
Summary: pi-Conjugated poly(arylene ethynylene)s containing both thiophene-2,5-diyl and fused metallacycles were synthesized and studied for their optoelectronic features. The polymers showed solubility in organic solvents, narrow optical band gaps, and bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra.
