Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giuseppe Clemente, Arianna Crippa, Karl Jansen
Summary: This study proposes to use noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum-era quantum devices to compute short distance quantities in (2 + 1)-dimensional QED, and combine them with large volume Monte Carlo simulations and perturbation theory. By performing quantum computations, the mass gap in the small and intermediate regime can be reliably resolved and matched with corresponding results from Monte Carlo simulations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yannick Meurice
Summary: The article introduces the lattice compact Abelian Higgs model and quantum simulation using a ladder-shaped optical lattice in 1 + 1 dimensions. By building local Hilbert spaces with Rydberg atoms, the concept of ladder-shaped configurable arrays is proposed. Concrete proposals involving two and three atoms for constructing spin-1 spaces and analytical tools for design and building are discussed.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Franco, Diego Rodriguez-Gomez
Summary: This article discusses quiver gauge theories with SU(N) gauge groups, which have matter with fractonic properties and a Z(N) 1-form global symmetry. The order parameter is the expectation value of Wilson loops.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevissen Sellapillay, Pablo Arrighi, Giuseppe Di Molfetta
Summary: The article introduces a quantum cellular automaton that coincides with 1 + 1QED and demonstrates its accuracy through the limits of the evolution equations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bipasha Chakraborty, Masazumi Honda, Taku Izubuchi, Yuta Kikuchi, Akio Tomiya
Summary: In this study, we designed a protocol for digital quantum computation of a gauge theory with a topological term in Minkowski spacetime. We focused on the 1+1 dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the Schwinger model and tested our protocol on an IBM simulator. By constructing the true vacuum state using adiabatic state preparation, we were able to compute the expectation value of the fermion mass operator and compare our results with the known exact result in the massless case. Although there were deviations in the massive case, our results imply that digital quantum simulation is a promising tool to explore nonperturbative aspects of gauge theories with real time and topological terms.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
R. R. Ferguson, L. Dellantonio, A. Al Balushi, K. Jansen, W. Dur, C. A. Muschik
Summary: This approach utilizes measurement-based quantum computation principles, involving entangled resource states and local measurements, and presents two measurement-based VQE schemes, introducing a new method for constructing variational families and translating circuit-based schemes. Both schemes offer specific advantages in terms of required resources and coherence times.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
R. Ott, T. Zache, F. Jendrzejewski, J. Berges
Summary: The study introduces a scalable analog quantum simulator for quantum electrodynamics in two dimensions, using ultracold atomic mixtures in an optical lattice. By engineering spatial plaquette terms for magnetic fields, a major obstacle towards realizing realistic gauge theories in higher dimensions is solved. The phenomenon of confinement of electric charges is discussed in the context of the pure gauge theory of compact QED within this quantum simulator.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jad C. Halimeh, Haifeng Lang, Philipp Hauke
Summary: Researchers demonstrate how non-abelian gauge invariance can be reliably controlled using energy protection terms, protecting the target gauge sector from unitary gauge-breaking errors. They also show that in certain cases, single-body protection terms can robustly suppress gauge violations at all evolution timescales, exhibiting the emergence of an adjusted gauge theory.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Adamu Issifu, Francisco A. A. Brito
Summary: This paper develops models for phenomenological particle physics based on the string analogy of particles. These models can be used to investigate various phenomenological aspects, including confinement, deconfinement, chiral condensate, QGP phase transitions, and the evolution of the early universe. Additionally, properties such as scalar glueball mass, gluon mass, glueball-meson mixing states, QCD vacuum, and color superconductivity can also be explored using these model frameworks. The paper concludes by using one of the models to describe the phenomenon of color confinement among glueballs. These models are built upon the modified Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action for open strings with endpoints on a Dp-brane or brane-anti-brane at a tachyonic vacuum.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pureum Noh, Eun-Gook Moon
Summary: We provide a guideline for generating entanglement in quantum many-body states by applying the key ideas of the Higgs mechanism to systems without gauge structures. By demoting Z2 and U (1) gauge structures, we construct models with global Z2 X Z2 and global U (1) X Z symmetries respectively, which exhibit symmetry-protected-topological and gapless states. We also discuss the generalization of the model to different symmetries and lattices, as well as their potential applications to quantum simulators.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Kenta Shiozawa, Shin Sasaki
Summary: In this study, we determine the bosonic zero modes of various five-branes in type II string theories using direct calculations in the formalism of double field theory (DFT). These zero-modes are shown to be Nambu-Goldstone modes associated with spontaneously broken gauge symmetries in DFT and are organized into the bosonic part of certain supermultiplets. Additionally, we examine locally non-geometric R5-branes and space-filling branes, as well as study effective theories of five-branes with string worldsheet instanton corrections.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masazumi Honda, Etsuko Itou, Yuta Kikuchi, Lento Nagano, Takuya Okuda
Summary: In this study, we perform digital quantum simulation using a classical simulator to investigate screening and confinement in a gauge theory with a topological term. Specifically, we focus on the (1 + 1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with a theta term. By computing the ground state energy and the potential between probe charges via adiabatic state preparation, we compare our simulation results with analytical predictions for a finite volume and find good agreements. Moreover, we observe linear behavior for noninteger charges and nonlinear behavior for integer charges in the massive case, consistent with the expected confinement (screening) behavior.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bin Xu, Wei Xue
Summary: This study utilizes a few-qubit quantum computer to develop a novel algorithm and experimentally investigate the Schwinger effect, which is the production of electron-positron pairs in a strong electric field, in (3 + 1) dimensions. By treating the electric field as a background field, working in Fourier space transverse to the electric field direction, and considering parity symmetry, the researchers successfully map the three spatial dimension problems into one spatial dimension problem.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Abhishek Rajput, Alessandro Roggero, Nathan Wiebe
Summary: Conventional methods of quantum simulation have limitations, but we propose a framework for hybrid methods to improve the performance of interaction picture simulation. These methods show asymptotic improvements and are practical for various physical applications.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tsuneo Suzuki
Summary: Non-Abelian gauge fields with a line-singularity of the Dirac type violate the non-Abelian Bianchi identity. This violation is equivalent to the violation of Abelian-like Bianchi identities corresponding to eight Abelian-like conserved magnetic monopole currents of the Dirac type in SU(3) QCD. The study investigates if these new Abelian-like monopoles are responsible for color confinement in the continuum SU(3) QCD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Lauria, Serena Peirone, Marco Del Giudice, Francesca Priante, Prabhakar Rajan, Michele Caselle, Salvatore Oliviero, Matteo Cereda
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Andrea Riba, Maria Rita Fumagalli, Michele Caselle, Matteo Osella
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mattia Furlan, Eugenia Galeota, Nunzio Del Gaudio, Erik Dassi, Michele Caselle, Stefano de Pretis, Mattia Pelizzola
Article
Oncology
Filippo Valle, Matteo Osella, Michele Caselle
Article
Biology
Francesco Bruni, Teresa Anna Giancaspero, Mislav Oreb, Maria Tolomeo, Piero Leone, Eckhard Boles, Marina Roberti, Michele Caselle, Maria Barile
Summary: The FAD synthase Fad1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae may generate two echoforms targeted to different subcellular compartments. Analysis of the 3' region of FAD1 mRNA revealed the existence of at least two transcripts with different 3' UTRs, potentially responsible for subcellular protein targeting.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Francesco Mottes, Chiara Villaid, Matteo Osella, Michele Caselle
Summary: This study investigates the impact of two rounds of whole genome duplication on the architecture of the vertebrate gene regulatory networks. The findings reveal that these duplication events enriched the network with complex network motifs and enhanced combinatorial organization, potentially affecting the network's robustness and high-level functions. The research supports the hypothesis that whole genome duplications played a significant role in the emergence of complex traits in vertebrates.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Filippo Valle, Matteo Osella, Michele Caselle
Summary: This paper presents an application of topic modeling techniques for the identification of breast cancer subtypes. By integrating different layers of gene expression data, the authors were able to accurately distinguish healthy from tumor samples and classify different breast cancer subtypes. The inclusion of microRNA data significantly improved the accuracy of subtype classification and revealed genes and microRNAs associated with breast cancer development and survival probability.
Article
Cell Biology
Mayra L. Ruiz Tejada Segura, Eman Abou Moussa, Elisa Garabello, Thiago S. Nakahara, Melanie Makhlouf, Lisa S. Mathew, Li Wang, Filippo Valle, Susie S. Y. Huang, Joel D. Mainland, Michele Caselle, Matteo Osella, Stephan Lorenz, Johannes Reisert, Darren W. Logan, Bettina Malnic, Antonio Scialdone, Luis R. Saraiva
Summary: This study created a genome-wide 3D atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa using spatial transcriptomics. The distribution of odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) and non-Olfrs in different regions was found to be continuous and overlapping. The spatial locations of Olfrs correlated with the solubility of the odorants they recognized, providing evidence for the chromatographic theory of olfaction.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
F. Caristo, M. Caselle, N. Magnoli, A. Nada, M. Panero, A. Smecca
Summary: In this study, we investigate the infrared dynamics of the three-dimensional SU(2) Yang-Mills theory using the effective string. By combining high-precision lattice simulation results with analytical constraints and predictions from various theories, we derive quantitative bounds on the corrections to the effective string action. The results are consistent with the predictions from the effective string theory, but do not prove the Axionic String Ansatz for this model.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Michele Caselle, Elia Cellini, Alessandro Nada, Marco Panero
Summary: This work demonstrates that the theoretical framework of stochastic normalizing flows, combined with Monte Carlo updates, is the same as the framework underlying out-of-equilibrium simulations based on Jarzynski's equality. This provides a promising approach to sample lattice field theories more efficiently and the study offers strategies and examples of applications for optimizing the efficiency of generative models.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Biondo, Abhyudai Singh, Michele Caselle, Matteo Osella
Summary: This study investigates the impact of extrinsic noise on protein concentrations in gene expression using a stochastic model. The results show that the source, intensity, and timescale of extrinsic noise determine the noise profiles during gene activation or inactivation.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Silvia Lazzardi, Filippo Valle, Andrea Mazzolini, Antonio Scialdone, Michele Caselle, Matteo Osella
Summary: Large-scale data on single-cell gene expression can be analyzed through the statistics of their basic building blocks, similar to linguistics, ecology, or genomics. A mathematical framework can uncover emergent statistical laws in single-cell transcriptomic data and explore the underlying mechanisms. Treatable statistical models are valuable tools to distinguish biological variability from statistical effects and sampling process in transcriptomics.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudio Bonati, Michele Caselle, Silvia Morlacchi
Summary: The study shows that even with string breaking in the three-dimensional SU(2) Higgs model, the confining part of the interquark potential can still be accurately described by effective string theory. Furthermore, the fine details of the effective string, such as higher order terms of the Nambu-Goto action or boundary corrections, can be precisely extracted from fits and agree with the predictions of effective string theory.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michele Caselle, Marianna Sorba
