Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fangfang Ci, Hong Jiang, Zhaohui Zhang, Xiangzhao Mao
Summary: Alginate, an industrially important polysaccharide, has its biological activities and physical properties determined by M/G ratios and distribution patterns. MC5E, as a crucial alginate-modifying enzyme, is regarded as a biotechnological tool for altering the properties of alginate. The crystal structures and catalytic mechanisms of several MC5Es have been elucidated, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the research status of these enzymes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Miu Sakagami, Yuki Ohnishi, Yasuhiro Kumaki, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Akira Inoue
Summary: This study reports the first MC5E enzymatic activity in brown algae of the family Chordariaceae, and identifies a novel MC5E candidate protein, CoC5-1, from the brown alga Cladosiphon okamuranus. CoC5-1 possesses MC5E activity and exhibits higher thermal stability compared to SjC5-VI.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhang Pengyan, Lu Chang, Shao Zhanru, Liu Fuli, Yao Jianting, Duan Delin
Summary: This study identified 143 MC5E gene sequences from Saccharina japonica and characterized the spatial and temporal expression patterns of SjMC5Es, which showed correlation with the M/G ratios of alginate. The highly expressed SjMC5E2 was functionally characterized, confirming its mannuronan C5-epimerase activity and laying a foundation for further applications in modifying the properties of alginate.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shengsheng Cao, Li Li, Benwei Zhu, Zhong Yao
Summary: Alginate is a polysaccharide composed of M and G. It has various biological activities and potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural fields. The M/G ratio determines its properties. Mannuronan C5-epimerases can convert M to G. The properties, catalytic mechanisms, and structures of AlgE-type and AlgG-type enzymes have been studied.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Zhongbin Xiao, Ming Sun, Tang Li, Miao Zhao, Heng Yin
Summary: Mannuronan C-5 epimerases (ManC5-Es) are key enzymes that convert beta-D-mannuronic acid (M) to alpha-L-guluronic acid (G) in alginate. They have different patterns of activity and are important for modifying alginate for various industrial applications. This review focuses on the methods of ManC5-Es activity assay, characterization of ManC5-Es from different sources, and the catalytic mechanism of ManC5-Es based on resolved enzyme structures. It also discusses potential future research directions.
Article
Developmental Biology
Olivier Godfroy, Min Zheng, Haiqin Yao, Agnes Henschen, Akira F. Peters, Delphine Scornet, Sebastien Colin, Paolo Ronchi, Katharina Hipp, Chikako Nagasato, Taizo Motomura, J. Mark Cock, Susana M. Coelho
Summary: The first mitotic division of the initial cell plays a crucial role in establishing developmental axes and cell fates in multicellular organisms. The brown alga Ectocarpus has a unique life cycle involving two generations, and mutations in the BASELESS (BAS) gene lead to defects in cell division and failure to produce basal structures in both generations. BAS encodes a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and transcriptomic analysis identified potential effector genes in determining basal cell fate. The findings suggest that PP2A and TBCCd1 are essential components in regulating the first cell division and basal cell fate determination.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simon Bourdareau, Leila Tirichine, Berangere Lombard, Damarys Loew, Delphine Scornet, Yue Wu, Susana M. Coelho, J. Mark Cock
Summary: The study identified 47 histone post-translational modifications in brown algae, including a novel mark H2AZR38me1, while lacking H3K27me3 and major polycomb complexes. The findings show stable patterns of histone modifications throughout the life cycle, with specific chromatin marks correlating with gene expression levels. This overview sets a foundation for future research on chromatin modifications in regulating brown algal genomes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yana Y. Toporkova, Elena O. Smirnova, Lucia S. Mukhtarova, Alexander N. Grechkin
Summary: This study identified CYP5164A3 as the first hydroperoxide bicyclase in brown algae, which plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of heterobicyclic oxylipins like hybridalactone, ecklonilactones, and related natural products.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Catalina Filote, Elhafnaoui Lanez, Valentin Popa, Touhami Lanez, Irina Volf
Summary: This study successfully separated and characterized fucoidan and alginate from brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis using an integrated processing method. The bioactivity and DNA binding abilities of the isolated polysaccharides were evaluated. The results showed that both fucoidan and alginate exhibited strong antioxidant activity and were able to interact with DNA.
Review
Cell Biology
Steven Beuder, Siobhan A. Braybrook
Summary: Brown algae are complex multicellular eukaryotes with a cell wall that regulates cell size and shape. Alginate and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) play crucial roles in influencing the mechanical properties of the cell wall, but their relationship with cellular growth and development is not well-understood. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the roles of alginates and FCSPs in brown algal development, as well as their impact on cell wall structure and mechanics. It also discusses the potential of brown algal mutants in uncovering the underlying mechanisms and proposes questions for future research.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Zhanru Shao, Delin Duan
Summary: Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) of seaweeds play crucial roles in various applications and interactions in marine environments. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of CWPS biosynthesis pathways, gene expression levels, and potential regulation mechanisms. However, further research is needed to fully comprehend the relationship between the chemical structure and bioactivities of CWPS, as well as develop effective gene editing tools.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fei He, Haowen Jiang, Chang Peng, Tingting Wang, Rongrong Xiao, Meilin Chen, Nixue Song, Zhenyun Du, Hanlin Wang, Xiaoyu Ding, Yikai Shao, Jianping Fang, Yi Zang, Rong Hua, Jia Li, Kan Ding
Summary: This study investigated the role of hepatic glucuronyl C5-epimerase (Glce) in obesity development. It found that hepatic Glce deficiency facilitates obesity progression and reduces secretion of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), disrupting lipid homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katharina Nokling-Eide, Fangchang Tan, Shennan Wang, Qi Zhou, Mina Gravdahl, Anne-Mari Langeng, Vincent Bulone, Finn Lillelund Aachmann, Havard Sletta, Oystein Arlov
Summary: Cultivated brown algae are a potential source of carbohydrate polymers for biobased materials, but limited by a short harvest season and lack of cost-effective preservation methods. In this study, seaweed biomass were preserved with formic acid at low temperatures, resulting in increased yield of alginate and cellulose. The preservation had no effect on cellulose quality, while degraded the molecular weight of alginate. Acid preservation at low temperatures effectively stabilized seaweed biomass and preserved the quality of alginate and cellulose for biomaterials and other applications.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Mijovilovich, Peter Cloetens, Antonio Lanzirotti, Matt Newville, Gerd Wellenreuther, Puja Kumari, Christos Katsaros, Carl J. Carrano, Hendrik Kupper, Frithjof C. Kupper
Summary: This study investigated the localization of iron in kelp and filamentous brown algae using microprobe and X-ray techniques. The results suggest that iron is stored in a non-ferritin core in kelp and co-localizes with zinc in filamentous brown algae. These findings have important implications for understanding the iron cycle in marine ecosystems and the iron storage mechanisms in algae.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lanzeng Zhang, Xue Li, Xiyue Zhang, Yingjie Li, Lushan Wang
Summary: Recent research has focused on four aspects: alginate, alginate lyases, different alginate-degrading systems, and the application of alginate lyases and associated pathways, providing valuable insights for further application of alginate lyases and their associated pathways.
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anais Naretto, Mathieu Fanuel, David Ropartz, Helene Rogniaux, Robert Larocque, Mirjam Czjzek, Charles Tellier, Gurvan Michel
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Microbiology
F. Lelchat, P. Y. Mocaer, T. Ojima, G. Michel, G. Sarthou, E. Bucciarelli, S. Cerantola, S. Colliec-Jouault, C. Boisset, A-C Baudoux
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Holm Viborg, Nicolas Terrapon, Vincent Lombard, Gurvan Michel, Mirjam Czjzek, Bernard Henrissat, Harry Brumer
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Albane Jouault, Angelique Gobet, Marjolaine Simon, Emilie Portier, Morgan Perennou, Erwan Corre, Fanny Gaillard, David Vallenet, Gurvan Michel, Yannick Fleury, Alexis Bazire, Alain Dufour
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magda Dudek, Anissa Dieudonne, Diane Jouanneau, Tatiana Rochat, Gurvan Michel, Benoit Sarels, Francois Thomas
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Rina Yonamine, Kensuke Ichihara, Shiro Tsuyuzaki, Cecile Herve, Taizo Motomura, Chikako Nagasato
Summary: In fucoid zygotes, the ultrastructure of the cell wall and immunolocalization of alginates were examined during rhizoid formation. M-rich alginates and MG blocks were found to play significant roles in cell wall composition. Transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation or downregulation of genes related to alginate synthesis, particularly mannuronan C5-epimerase homologs.
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Bonin, Lisanne Hameleers, Lea Hembach, Thomas Roret, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Gurvan Michel, Bruno M. Moerschbacher
Summary: Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are enzymes found in various organisms that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from chitinous substrates to produce chitosans. The subsite preferences of CDAs for GlcNAc and glucosamine units are crucial for the acetylation pattern they generate. Detailed analysis of CDAs, including subsite preferences, can be achieved through a combination of in vitro and in silico methods, which can influence their substrate targets and chitosan characteristics.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Bernard Kloareg, Yacine Badis, J. Mark Cock, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Multicellular eukaryotes have an expanded extracellular matrix that plays essential roles in tissue texture, cell screening, development, and immunity. The expansion of ECM in multicellular marine algae is crucial for the acquisition of complex multicellularity through various innovations, leading to convergences in ECM structures and functions across algae, animals, and plants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ana S. Luis, Chunsheng Jin, Gabriel Vasconcelos Pereira, Robert W. P. Glowacki, Sadie R. Gugel, Shaleni Singh, Dominic P. Byrne, Nicholas A. Pudlo, James A. London, Arnaud Basle, Mark Reihill, Stefan Oscarson, Patrick A. Eyers, Mirjam Czjzek, Gurvan Michel, Tristan Barbeyron, Edwin A. Yates, Gunnar C. Hansson, Niclas G. Karlsson, Alan Cartmell, Eric C. Martens
Summary: The study focused on a bacterial enzyme in the human colon that is crucial for degrading sulfated O-glycans in secreted mucus. This enzyme plays a major role in normal microbial gut colonization and the development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Brott, Francois Thomas, Maike Behrens, Karen Methling, Daniel Bartosik, Theresa Dutschei, Michael Lalk, Gurvan Michel, Thomas Schweder, Uwe T. Bornscheuer
Summary: Marine bacteria Zobellia galactanivorans utilize the ribulose monophosphate pathway to detoxify formaldehyde, and the genes encoding key enzymes in this pathway are crucial for maintaining formaldehyde resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jasna Nikolic Chenais, Lery Marion, Robert Larocque, Murielle Jam, Diane Jouanneau, Lionel Cladiere, Sophie Le Gall, Mathieu Fanuel, Nathalie Desban, Helene Rogniaux, David Ropartz, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: This study developed a reliable and cost-effective protocol for the preparation of sulfated fucans from brown algae. The structure of sulfated fucans was analyzed and their biological activities were explored. The findings provide a foundation for further development and utilization of sulfated fucans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark Stam, Pernelle Lelievre, Mark Hoebeke, Erwan Corre, Tristan Barbeyron, Gurvan Michel
Summary: SulfAtlas is a knowledge-based resource for the classification of sulfatases. It provides information on multiple sulfatase families and subfamilies based on sequence specificity. Database browsing is enabled through keyword search and sequence similarity servers. A new search engine based on hidden Markov model has been developed to improve sulfatase classification in genomic data.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stefan Brott, Ki Hyun Nam, Francois Thomas, Theresa Dutschei, Lukas Reisky, Maike Behrens, Hanna C. C. Grimm, Gurvan Michel, Thomas Schweder, Uwe T. T. Bornscheuer
Summary: Marine algae produce complex polysaccharides that can be degraded by marine heterotrophic bacteria using carbohydrate-active enzymes. The degradation of the red algal polysaccharide porphyran involves oxidative demethylation, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and its redox partners. Genes encoding zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) were found near the genes for key enzymes in this process. The physiological role of these marine ADHs was investigated and it was found that they are required for the utilization of a specific substrate, G6Me.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Agnieszka P. Lipinska, Stacy A. Krueger-Hadfield, Olivier Godfroy, Simon M. Dittami, Ligia Ayres-Ostrock, Guido Bonthond, Loraine Brillet-Gueguen, Susana Coelho, Erwan Corre, Guillaume Cossard, Christophe Destombe, Paul Epperlein, Sylvain Faugeron, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Jessica Beltran, Emma Lavaut, Arthur Le Bars, Fabiana Marchi, Stephane Mauger, Gurvan Michel, Philippe Potin, Delphine Scornet, Erik E. Sotka, Florian Weinberger, Mariana Cabral de Oliveira, Marie-Laure Guillemin, Estela M. Plastino, Myriam Valero
Summary: Macroalgal genomic resources, especially in the red algae, are limited. The genus Gracilaria, with its diverse species, has the potential to provide valuable insights into algal biology and eukaryotic evolution. The newly created web-based portal for red algal genomics aims to facilitate accessibility and comparative analysis of the genome data.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Ropartz, Lery Marion, Mathieu Fanuel, Jasna Nikolic, Murielle Jam, Robert Larocque, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel, Helene Rogniaux
Summary: The extracellular matrix of brown algae is a rich source of fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs). In this study, researchers used an enzyme called MfFcnA to deconstruct the structure of sulfated fucans from Pelvetia canaliculata, a type of brown algae. They found that the structure of these sulfated fucans is more complex than initially expected, with diverse species and branching structures. This study highlights the potential for MfFcnA to produce structurally diverse oligofucan products that could be screened for bioactivities.