Governing the Land-Sea Interface to Achieve Sustainable Coastal Development

Coastal regions are essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) given their importance for human habitation, resource provisioning, employment, and cultural practice. They are also regions where different ecological, disciplinary, and jurisdictional boundaries both overlap and are obscured. We thus propose the land sea interface as areas where governance systems are most in need of frameworks for systems analysis to meet the SDGs-which are inherently interconnected- and integrate complex interdependencies between human livelihoods, energy, transport, food production, and nutrient flows (among others). We propose a strategic land sea governance framework built on the sustainable transitions literature to plan for governance to achieve sustainable development across the land-sea interface. To illustrate our proposal, we compare governance planning processes across four case based scenarios: an industrialized coastal country, a least developed coastal country, a developing coastal country with local dependencies on ocean resources, and a small island developing state primarily dependent on tourism. Through the lens of aligning governance actors and actions vertically (subnational to national), horizontally (across sectors), and programmatically (from goals to implementation), we propose scales at which governance systems may be misaligned, such as where different agencies that affect marine systems have conflicting visions and goals, leading to stalled progress or counterproductive actions. Where possible, we also highlight strategies to align across scales of high level strategic policy, tactical scale institutional mandates and cooperation, and on the ground activities and operations, such as aligning actors based on an analysis of interdependencies of goals.

Automated summary

Coastal regions are crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals due to their significance for human habitation, resource provisioning, employment, and cultural practice. A governance framework is proposed for the land-sea interface to address the interconnected nature of the SDGs and integrate complex interdependencies between various sectors. Misalignment in governance systems at different scales can hinder progress, and strategies are highlighted to align actors and actions for effective implementation.