Article
Immunology
Isabel Leroux-Roels, Jacques Bruhwyler, Lilli Stergiou, Mark Sumeray, Jasper Joye, Cathy Maes, Paul-Henri Lambert, Geert Leroux-Roels
Summary: V-306, a synthetic virus-like particle-based vaccine candidate, displaying multiple respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F site II protein mimetics (FsIIm), was found to be safe and induced an increase in immunoglobulin G specific to FsIIm in a study on healthy young women. However, this did not result in an increase in RSV-neutralizing antibody titers, which were already high at baseline.
Article
Immunology
Hamza Arshad Dar, Fahad Nasser Almajhdi, Shahkaar Aziz, Yasir Waheed
Summary: This study designed and evaluated a potential multi-epitope vaccine against RSV using immunoinformatics. The vaccine was found to be stable, non-allergenic, flexible, and antigenic. Computational immune simulation results indicated that the vaccine could generate a high titer of antibodies and effector T-cells, making it a promising candidate for stimulating humoral and cellular responses against RSV infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gayathri Anandhan, Yogesh B. Narkhede, Manikandan Mohan, Premasudha Paramasivam
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious viral pathogen that causes serious respiratory infection in adults and neonates. The monoclonal antibodies palivizumab and motavizumab are the only approved treatments for RSV, but they are expensive and require hospital administration. In this study, in silico prediction methods were used to identify potential vaccine targets for RSV. By analyzing the entire proteome of RSV strain A, 70 potential immunogenic epitopes were identified, including 13 experimentally verified epitopes.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xin Cheng, Gan Zhao, Aihua Dong, Zhonghuai He, Jiarong Wang, Brian Jiang, Bo Wang, Miaomiao Wang, Xuefen Huai, Shijie Zhang, Shuangshuang Feng, Hong Qin, Bin Wang
Summary: This study conducted a first-in-human trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity response of the BARS13 vaccine in healthy adults. The vaccine demonstrated good safety and tolerability, and there were no significant differences in adverse reaction severity or frequency between different dose groups. The immune response in repeat-dose recipients showed potential for further study and guiding the dose selection for future studies.
Article
Immunology
Marsha S. Russell, Sathya N. Thulasi Raman, Caroline Gravel, Wanyue Zhang, Annabelle Pfeifle, Wangxue Chen, Gary Van Domselaar, David Safronetz, Michael Johnston, Simon Sauve, Lisheng Wang, Michael Rosu-Myles, Jingxin Cao, Xuguang Li
Summary: A novel recombinant RSV vaccine candidate based on a deletion mutant vaccinia virus platform showed high safety and efficacy in experiments, suggesting its potential for developing new vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Akshita Soni, S. K. Kabra, Rakesh Lodha
Summary: RSV is a highly contagious respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe illness in children, with lower respiratory tract infections being the most common in infants. In the post-COVID period, there has been an increase in RSV cases possibly due to decreased immunity. Symptoms of RSV infection include fever, runny nose, and cough, with severe cases leading to bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Supportive care is the main treatment option, although oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be needed in severe cases. Promising advances have been made in RSV vaccine development, with two vaccines approved for use in older adults.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Felicia Scaggs Huang, David I. Bernstein, Karen S. Slobod, Allen Portner, Toru Takimoto, Charles J. Russell, Michael Meagher, Bart G. Jones, Robert E. Sealy, Christopher Coleclough, Kristen Branum, Michelle Dickey, Kristen Buschle, Monica McNeal, Mat Makowski, Aya Nakamura, Julia L. Hurwitz
Summary: The study demonstrated that SeVRSV vaccine was well-tolerated in healthy adults with only mild to moderate reactions and no severe adverse events. Transient vaccine genome detection was observed due to preexisting immunity towards hPIV-1 and RSV in adults. Minimal antibody responses to SeV and negligible responses to RSV F were observed.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Arabella S. Stuart, Miia Virta, Kristi Williams, Ilkka Seppa, Robyn Hartvickson, Melanie Greenland, Edmund Omoruyi, Arangassery Rosemary Bastian, Wouter Haazen, Nadine Salisch, Efi Gymnopoulou, Benoit Callendret, Saul N. Faust, Matthew D. Snape, Esther Heijnen
Summary: A randomized, double-blind study in adults and children showed that a novel Ad26 vector-based RSV vaccine encoding preF-protein given as two doses demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability up to 1 year, with evidence of humoral and cellular immunogenicity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jiachen Huang, Rose J. J. Miller, Jarrod J. J. Mousa
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are major causes of severe respiratory infections. A chimeric fusion protein containing immunodominant epitopes of both RSV F and hMPV F has been shown to generate neutralizing antibodies and provide protection against both viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Laura M. Stephens, Steven M. Varga
Summary: RSV is commonly associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, but also causes high disease burden in the elderly; RSV infection in aged individuals results in more severe disease symptoms, leading to higher hospitalizations and deaths in the elderly; Developing an RSV vaccine for elderly populations is challenging due to age-related defects in the immune system, but remains an important target for public health prevention strategies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Susan Krueger, Joseph E. Curtis, Daniel R. Scott, Alexander Grishaev, Greg Glenn, Gale Smith, Larry Ellingsworth, Oleg Borisov, Ernest L. Maynard
Summary: The RSV fusion protein/PS80 nanoparticle vaccine is an advanced vaccine for maternal immunization and protection of newborns against RSV infection. The structure and hydrodynamic properties of the vaccine were studied, revealing details of antigen presentation and nanoparticle assembly involving PS80 and RSV F trimers. This study demonstrates a general strategy for structurally characterizing nanoparticle vaccines using small-angle scattering methods.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zifang Shang, Shuguang Tan, Dongli Ma
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals globally. Over the past decade, there has been substantial progress in understanding the structure, function, and interactions of RSV components, as well as the host immune responses to infection. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies have shown widespread interest in searching for effective interventions for RSV infection, leading to the screening of promising monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors, and vaccine candidates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia Pulkina, Kirill Vasilyev, Arman Muzhikyan, Mariia Sergeeva, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Anna-Polina Shurygina, Marina Shuklina, Andrey Vasin, Marina Stukova, Andrej Egorov
Summary: Intranasal vaccination using influenza vectors is a promising approach for developing respiratory pathogen vaccines. However, the optimal vector design is unclear. We constructed four vectors to find the best structure, two aiming for cytosol accumulation and two supplemented with an IgG & kappa; signal peptide for extracellular delivery. Surprisingly, adding the IgG & kappa; enhanced the T-cell immune response and provided better protection against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) when mice were intranasally immunized. This protection was mediated by a balanced T-cell immune response without the need for antibodies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ki-Back Chu, Su-Hwa Lee, Min-Ju Kim, Ah-Ra Kim, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan
Summary: The study demonstrates that co-expressing PreF and Gt antigens in VLPs can enhance protective efficacy against RSV in mice, leading to reduced virus titers and inflammation. These findings suggest that a combinatorial approach may be beneficial for future RSV vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Jorge C. G. Blanco, Lori M. Cullen, Arash Kamali, Fatouomata Y. D. Sylla, Marina S. Boukhvalova, Trudy G. Morrison
Summary: This study compared immune responses after virus-like particle (VLP) immunization in elderly and young cotton rats previously infected with RSV. The results showed that the VLP vaccine was equally effective in activating protective responses in both elderly and young populations. Therefore, VLPs containing F and G proteins can be an effective vaccine for the elderly.