Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhen Shen, Zhangjin Shen, Conghui Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Lingfang Wang, Lele Ye, Songfa Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng
Summary: In this study, a method for extracting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues was optimized to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the phenotypes, contents, and biological functions of the extracted EVs. The results showed that cryopreservation affected the yield and distribution of EVs, but not their morphology or particle mass ratio. The storage of tissues at -80°C increased both small and large EV yields, while the storage of lysates at -80°C decreased large EV yield and increased small EV yield. The cryopreserved EOC tissue retained a high percentage of proteins and miRNAs, and the extracted EVs could promote angiogenesis and invasive migration ability in human endothelial cells. This suggests that cryopreserved EOC tissue has clinical value for studying tissue-derived EVs, especially those related to EV proteins.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Xinlei Wang, Jie Chen, Jingtong Zheng
Summary: This review discusses the recent findings on extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by different kinds of protozoa, including their molecular mechanisms, and the roles played by EVs in the occurrence and development of parasitic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Dinis Aires, Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Raquel Boia, Magda Ferreira-Rodrigues, Henrique Girao, Antonio Francisco Ambrosio, Ana Raquel Santiago
Summary: Microglial cells are important for maintaining neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous system, while chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular vesicles, such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, are involved in intercellular communication and may regulate microglial cell function. Understanding the role of microglial extracellular vesicles could provide insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Horodecka, Markus Duchler
Summary: The establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing and therapeutic interventions, but challenges remain in effectively delivering components to living organisms. Utilizing extracellular vesicles as delivery devices may help overcome limitations and improve the clinical applications of this technology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Chang Tian, Ke Wang, Min Zhao, Shan Cong, Xin Di, Ranwei Li
Summary: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of sepsis remain challenging due to its rapid progression and heterogeneity among individuals. This review highlights the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in sepsis, including their impact on pathological processes, organ dysfunction, and potential applications such as early diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, precision therapies, and vaccine platforms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Liebana-Jordan, Bruno Brotons, Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez, Esperanza Gonzalez
Summary: Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication, especially in fungi, by maintaining cell structure, defending against the environment, and potentially impacting host interactions and disease outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fei Teng, Martin Fussenegger
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized secreted vesicles containing various biomolecules, which have low immunogenicity and can functionally modify recipient cells by transferring bioactive constituents. Therefore, they are considered as an excellent candidate for the next generation drug delivery system.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yujia Hao, Haoyue Song, Zilan Zhou, Xiaohang Chen, Huifei Li, Yuan Zhang, Jie Wang, Xiuyun Ren, Xing Wang
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important vehicles for intercellular communication, with different physiological and pathological effects, and can be used as biological therapeutic agents. In some cases, the release of EVs can exacerbate disease progression, while inhibition may delay disease development.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sarah Beck, Bernhard Hochreiter, Johannes A. Schmid
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in intercellular communication by transferring nucleotides and proteins, and are associated with diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. They have the potential to serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and as vehicles for therapeutics in the future.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Amit Chatterjee, Ruchira Singh
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted membrane vesicles that come in various sizes, including exosomes (-30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs) that are around 100-1,000 nm in size. These EVs have been found to play a crucial role in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling, and are associated with a range of human disorders, including retinal degenerative diseases such as age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this review, the authors provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of EVs in retinal physiology and specifically focus on how disease-related changes in EVs can impact specific retinal diseases. Additionally, they discuss the potential of EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for targeting retinal diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Elena Martinez-Klimova, Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Jose Pedraza-Chaverri, Edilia Tapia
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rapidly increasing global health problem, with metabolic reprogramming and changes in redox signaling playing crucial roles in its development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in the spread of renal injury in CKD and are involved in redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming. Understanding the role of EVs and their cargos in CKD can help prevent its progression.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bryan John Abel Magoling, Anthony Yan-Tang Wu, Yen-Ju Chen, Wendy Wan-Ting Wong, Steven Ting-Yu Chuo, Hsi-Chien Huang, Yun-Chieh Sung, Hsin Tzu Hsieh, Poya Huang, Kang-Zhang Lee, Kuan-Wei Huang, Ruey-Hwa Chen, Yunching Chen, Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including small EVs (sEVs, exosomes) and medium to large EVs (bEVs, microvesicles), play important roles in intercellular communication in breast cancer. This study identifies distinct properties and functions of bEVs and sEVs in breast cancer, showing that bEVs are released in a higher ratio in aggressive triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Both bEVs and sEVs promote tumor growth in a murine model, and they share common tumor-progression-associated EV surface membrane proteins. Depletion of these proteins reduces the protumorigenic potential of EVs. This study highlights the significance of bEVs in breast cancer and suggests their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Zhenzhen Mo, Jia Yang Alex Cheong, Lirong Xiang, Minh T. N. Le, Andrew Grimson, Daniel Xin Zhang
Summary: Metastasis, the dissemination of primary tumor cells, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Metastatic organotropism, the specific distribution pattern of distant metastasis, is influenced by various factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in organ-specific metastasis, carrying bioactive cargo that can modulate the pre-metastatic niche and influencing diagnostic and prognostic values. Counteracting EV functions could be a novel therapeutic strategy to target metastasis. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms of EVs in organ-specific metastasis for clinical translation.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
William Phillips, Eduard Willms, Andrew F. Hill
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells, playing a role in intercellular communication and various physiological and pathological processes. Current size-based isolation methods are not optimal, and proteomic analysis may offer alternative approaches for EV purification.
Review
Oncology
Akbar Lulu Marzan, Sarah Elizabeth Stewart
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%, largely due to factors such as inadequate diagnostics, rapid metastasis, and chemoresistance. Research on extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance is crucial for identifying new treatment options. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers for early detection and as potential therapeutic targets or drug delivery tools for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Matteo Giulietti, Husam B. R. Alabed, Sandra Buratta, Lorena Urbanelli, Francesco Piva, Carla Emiliani
Summary: LC/MS-based analysis techniques combined with specialized lipid tools allow for the qualitative and quantitative determination of thousands of lipid molecules. This article introduces a new lipidomic tool called LipidOne, which can analyze the qualitative and quantitative changes in lipid building blocks among all detected lipid classes and experimental groups. This tool enables the linking of differences in lipid building blocks to the activity of specific classes of enzymes, transcripts, and genes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolo Montegiove, Eleonora Calzoni, Alessio Cesaretti, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Carla Emiliani, Alessia Pellegrino, Leonardo Leonardi
Summary: This study analyzed the nutritional quality of three different chicken-based dry pet food formulations. The results showed that formulations with fresh chicken meats had higher soluble protein content, more essential amino acids and fatty acids, as well as higher in vitro digestibility. These findings suggest that fresh-meat-based formulation is a preferable choice for dry pet food.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giancarlo Angeles Flores, Carolina Elena Girometta, Gaia Cusumano, Paola Angelini, Bruno Tirillini, Federica Ianni, Francesca Blasi, Lina Cossignani, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Carla Emiliani, Roberto Venanzoni, Giuseppe Venturella, Pasqualina Colasuonno, Fortunato Cirlincione, Maria Letizia Gargano, Gokhan Zengin, Alessandra Acquaviva, Simonetta Cristina Di Simone, Giustino Orlando, Luigi Menghini, Claudio Ferrante
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different media on the production of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity in Pleurotus species. The results showed that the metabolic pathways of Pleurotus species are strongly influenced by the chemical composition of the growth substrate. The mushroom extracts exhibited antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and were sensitive to certain dermatophytes. Further research is needed to explore the influence of growth substrate on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Pleurotus species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Husam B. R. Alabed, Paolo Gorello, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Hovirag Lancioni, Roberta La Starza, Anna Aurora Taddei, Lorena Urbanelli, Sandra Buratta, Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez, Caterina Matteucci, Maurizio Caniglia, Francesco Arcioni, Cristina Mecucci, Carla Emiliani
Summary: This study aims to investigate the lipidomic analysis of erythrocytes in order to highlight variations between healthy and patient subjects. The results showed that the lipid composition of sickle cells, especially phospholipids, were altered in SCD patients. In-depth study of changes in lipid metabolism can provide insights into the enzymes and genes involved, improving the understanding of the biochemical basis of SCD and potentially developing a predictive score system for clinical severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Giorgia Manni, Sandra Buratta, Maria Teresa Pallotta, Davide Chiasserini, Alessandro Di Michele, Carla Emiliani, Stefano Giovagnoli, Luisa Pascucci, Rita Romani, Ilaria Bellezza, Lorena Urbanelli, Francesca Fallarino
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and circulating in body fluids. They not only serve as a tool for waste disposal, but also transmit cell signals. Aging is characterized by genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alteration, and defective proteostasis. Studies have shown that EVs released in cell models are associated with these aging hallmarks and can spread senescence signals. Furthermore, EVs have great potential as anti-aging tools. Although this is a recent field, altered EV secretion in aging suggests it as an emerging hallmark of aging.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Krizia Sagini, Lorena Urbanelli, Sandra Buratta, Carla Emiliani, Alicia Llorente
Summary: Altered cellular metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism. Recent advances in lipid analysis have allowed for the investigation of the lipid content in cancer patient biofluids, leading to the discovery of potential cancer biomarkers. Biofluid-derived extracellular vesicles, with their unique molecular signature, have emerged as a promising platform for lipid biomarker discovery.
Review
Biology
Sandra Buratta, Lorena Urbanelli, Alessia Tognoloni, Raffaella Latella, Giada Cerrotti, Carla Emiliani, Elisabetta Chiaradia
Summary: The characterization of the protein and lipid content of milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different mammal species is crucial for understanding their biogenesis and biological functions, as well as for a comprehensive description of the nutritional aspects of animal milk for human diet. Limited studies have been conducted on the protein and lipid composition of milk EVs compared to those investigating nucleic acid cargo. However, recent research suggests that the biochemical cargo of milk EVs differs from other milk fractions, and there are variations in the composition of milk EVs among different animal species and under different lactation stages and health statuses.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolo Montegiove, Leonardo Leonardi, Alessio Cesaretti, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Alessia Pellegrino, Carla Emiliani, Eleonora Calzoni
Summary: This study analyzed the concentration of biogenic amines and free amino acids in three different chicken-based dry pet food formulations. The results showed that the fresh-meat-based formulation has a lower quantity of potentially harmful biogenic amines compared to the other formulations, making it the preferable choice for dry pet food.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giancarlo Angeles Flores, Gaia Cusumano, Federica Ianni, Francesca Blasi, Paola Angelini, Lina Cossignani, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Carla Emiliani, Roberto Venanzoni, Gokhan Zengin, Alessandra Acquaviva, Simonetta Cristina Di Simone, Maria Loreta Libero, Giustino Orlando, Luigi Menghini, Claudio Ferrante
Summary: Fomitopsis officinalis is a medicinal mushroom species commonly used in traditional European medicine. This study investigates the spatial metabolic differences in its mushroom parts and the composition of specialized metabolites in the extracts. The apical part of the mushroom contains the highest amount of phenolic compounds and exhibits the strongest antiradical and antimicrobial properties. The extracts from F. officinalis are valuable sources of primary and secondary metabolites, suggesting potential applications in antioxidant and antimicrobial food supplements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Mezzena, Ambra Del Grosso, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Husam B. R. Alabed, Carla Emiliani, Ilaria Tonazzini, Marco Cecchini
Summary: In this study, we investigated the mechanotransduction process in primary fibroblasts from a natural Krabbe disease mouse model. We found that GALC-deficient fibroblasts exhibited increased focal adhesions, impaired single-cell migration, and wound healing. We also discovered that the autophagic process played a role in regulating focal adhesion turnover, and treatment with the autophagy activator rapamycin improved cell migration and FA clearance. Our findings suggest that mechanosensing impairment may be a novel pathological mechanism in Krabbe disease and related disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Husam B. R. Alabed, Ambra Del Grosso, Valeria Bellani, Lorena Urbanelli, Sara Carpi, Miriam De Sarlo, Lorenzo Bertocci, Laura Colagiorgio, Sandra Buratta, Luca Scaccini, Dorotea Frongia Mancini, Ilaria Tonazzini, Marco Cecchini, Carla Emiliani, Roberto Maria Pellegrino
Summary: This study compared the lipid profiles of nervous system tissues in Twitcher mice and wild-type mice, revealing significant differences between the two groups, particularly in the sciatic nerve. The in-depth study of the lipid phenotype provided insights into the genes and enzymes involved in the disease.
Article
Microbiology
Paola Angelini, Giancarlo Angeles Flores, Gaia Cusumano, Roberto Venanzoni, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Gokhan Zengin, Simonetta Cristina Di Simone, Luigi Menghini, Claudio Ferrante
Summary: This research investigated the impact of different substrates on the metabolite compositions of Hypsizygus marmoreus mycelia, and found that extracts from substrates enriched with barley malt or grape pomace demonstrated high antibacterial activity against various strains. Extracts from mushroom cultivated in grape pomace-enriched substrate also showed remarkable efficacy against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans. This study contributes to the understanding of the cultivation of H. marmoreus.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Eleonora Calzoni, Alessio Cesaretti, Nicolo Montegiove, Alessandro Di Michele, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Carla Emiliani
Summary: Lysosomal storage disorders are metabolic diseases caused by gene mutations, and nanotechnology can be used to immobilize enzymes and achieve stable enzyme activity, providing a foundation for the development of an efficient drug-delivery system.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS
(2022)