期刊
CELLS
卷 10, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10082078
关键词
oxysterols; ion channels; immune response; pharmacology; structure-function; inflammation; autoimmunity; infectious diseases
类别
资金
- German Research Foundation [FOR 2149]
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork - Higher Education Authority of Ireland
Oxysterols, as naturally occurring lipids, can regulate the physiology of immune system cells rapidly, potentially modulating cellular activities and immune responses for therapeutic purposes.
Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are naturally occurring lipids which regulate the physiology of cells, including those of the immune system. In contrast to effects that are mediated through nuclear receptors or by epigenetic mechanism, which take tens of minutes to occur, changes in the activities of cell-surface receptors caused by oxysterols can be extremely rapid, often taking place within subsecond timescales. Such cell-surface receptor effects of oxysterols allow for the regulation of fast cellular processes, such as motility, secretion and endocytosis. These cellular processes play critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will survey the two broad classes of cell-surface receptors for oxysterols (G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels), the mechanisms by which cholesterol oxidation products act on them, and their presence and functions in the different cell types of the immune system. Overall, this review will highlight the potential of oxysterols, synthetic derivatives and their receptors for physiological and therapeutic modulation of the immune system.
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