Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fei Zheng, Xiaoning Liu, Hao Wang, Yuxun Li, Rui Wang, Shuailei Yao, Wenjie Dong
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM), the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere, has shown changes in its seasonal trend in relation to ozone recovery. The summer SAM trend has decreased since 2001, reducing the seasonal difference with winter, while the winter SAM has shown an increasing positive trend in the early 21st century, reversing the previous seasonality. The winter SAM changes are found to be part of a multidecadal oscillation, possibly originating from the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pao-Wei Huang, Yong-Fu Lin, Chau-Ron Wu
Summary: The study identifies the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) as the primary force behind decadal changes in Indian rainfall, with atmospheric conditions becoming more favorable since the early 1990s. The positive SAM phase has caused anomalous vertical motion over the continent and Indian Ocean, leading to increased decadal rainfall in the region.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Morio Nakayama, Hisashi Nakamura, Fumiaki Ogawa
Summary: The study indicates that the midlatitude oceanic frontal zone enhances and anchors the variability of the baroclinic annular mode (BAM) by supplying sensible heat and moisture from the ocean, although the BAM is primarily a manifestation of atmospheric internal dynamics. The BAM modulates momentum flux associated with transient disturbances to induce a modest but robust meridional shift of the polar-front jet, suggesting that it can help maintain the stability of the southern annular mode. The quasi-periodic behavior of the BAM likely reflects the internal dynamics involving atmospheric disturbances on both subweekly and longer time scales.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dickson Mbigi, Ziniu Xiao
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the rainfall variability in northern Australia. The results show a significant negative correlation between the SAM and the subsequent rainfall in northern Australia. Further analysis reveals that the SAM can trigger sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern Indian Ocean through air-sea interactions, which impact the rainfall patterns in northern Australia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rei Chemke
Summary: The latitudinal position of mid-latitude storm tracks has significant climate impacts on the extratropics. This study reveals that in the Southern Hemisphere, the future poleward shift of summer mid-latitude storm tracks is due to the thermodynamic ocean coupling overcoming the effect of dynamic ocean coupling.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Stacey L. Osbrough, Jorgen S. Frederiksen
Summary: This study investigates interdecadal changes in winter synoptic weather systems in the Southern Hemisphere over the past seventy years. It found that rainfall variability in Southern Australia is closely related to the changing statistics of weather system intensity, particularly in relation to the intensity of fast-growing weather systems. Two new indices, the SAJ and SORD, were introduced and shown to have some skill in characterizing Southern Australian winter rainfall variability on decadal timescales.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Daniel F. Balting, Amir AghaKouchak, Gerrit Lohmann, Monica Ionita
Summary: Drought frequency and severity are projected to increase in the future, with dry regions experiencing significant intensification, while regions less affected by long-lasting droughts like Europe may also see a significant increase in drought occurrence probability under the warmest future scenario.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maria Fernanda R. Pereima, Pedro L. B. Chaffe, Pablo Borges de Amorim, Regina R. Rodrigues
Summary: The study demonstrates that CMIP6 outperforms CMIP5 in simulating the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of precipitation, but the simulated precipitation is more seasonal and spatially dependent than observations, with a dry bias.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rishav Goyal, Alex Sen Gupta, Martin Jucker, Matthew H. England
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies play a significant role in controlling regional climate patterns, ocean circulation, and carbon uptake. Research based on CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data reveals historical and projected changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, including a reduction in poleward shift and an increase in wind intensity under high emission scenarios.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fraser Dennison, Matthew T. T. Woodhouse
Summary: Chemistry-climate models are important for predicting climate change. This study evaluates the ACCESS-CM2-Chem model and finds that its simulation of stratospheric ozone is significantly improved compared to its predecessor. The model performs well in simulating the trend of summertime SAM and shows sensitivity to changes in ozone depletion forcing.
JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. J. Harvey, S. W. Grab
Summary: This study explores Southern Hemisphere temperature responses to four major volcanic eruptions using an ensemble of CMIP5 models. The findings indicate that the temperature responses were strongest and lasted longest following the Krakatau eruption, with Australia showing the strongest response and southern South America the weakest. In most cases, the strongest single-season response occurred in austral autumn or winter.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Jucker, R. Goyal
Summary: Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Warming Events (SWEs) are usually associated with a negative phase of the tropospheric Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the following summer. However, through ensemble climate model simulations, it is shown that these SWEs can cause periods of positive tropospheric SAM in austral spring by increasing lower stratospheric static stability and changing troposphere-to-stratosphere wave propagation. Eventually, the tropospheric SAM switches sign to its negative phase in late spring/early summer due to the downward propagation of the stratospheric signal, which is forced dynamically and radiatively by adiabatic heating and increased shortwave absorption by ozone, respectively.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Suneet Dwivedi, Pushpa Pandey, B. N. Goswami
Summary: This study found that the relationship between the Southern Annular Mode Index (SAMI) and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) is non-stationary and may have multi-decadal variability. However, there is a strong correlation between SAMI and June-July ISMR, which is linked to sea surface temperature anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Deborah Verfaillie, Charles Pelletier, Hugues Goosse, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Christopher Y. S. Bull, Quentin Dalaiden, Vincent Favier, Thierry Fichefet, Jonathan D. Wille
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere cryosphere responds differently to climate change depending on the phases of the Southern Annular Mode. Positive phases lead to increased ice-shelf melt, while negative phases have the opposite effect. The study suggests that changes in the Southern Annular Mode can cause net basal mass loss in the Antarctic ice shelves, with regional variations.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rei Chemke, Janni Yuval
Summary: The Hadley circulation plays a crucial role in determining precipitation and temperature patterns at low latitudes. However, there is currently a large uncertainty in the recent changes of the Hadley circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. This study demonstrates that the circulation has considerably weakened over recent decades and attributes the weakening to anthropogenic emissions, which enhances our confidence in projections of tropical climate change caused by human activities.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ari Kurniadi, Evan Weller, Yeon-Hee Kim, Seung-Ki Min
Summary: The ability of 42 global climate models from the CMIP6 project in simulating mean and extreme precipitation over Indonesia is evaluated. The results show that the performance of the models varies across different regions and seasons, with medium resolution models generally outperforming low resolution models. The models tend to overestimate observed precipitation, especially in drier regions. They also simulate extreme precipitation better during the dry season compared to the wet season. Ensemble mean models perform better in simulating wet extremes, but not for dry extremes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Seungmok Paik, Seung-Ki Min, Seok-Woo Son, Eun-Pa Lim, Shayne McGregor, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Sang-Wook Yeh
Summary: Understanding the impacts of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric circulations and surface climate is crucial for climate prediction. Previous studies have shown that volcanic eruptions can induce warming in the Northern Hemisphere through certain circulation patterns, but uncertainties and controversies remain. This paper reviews previous studies, updates our understanding using new observations and model simulations, and proposes new insights into the role of volcanic eruption latitude. It also discusses uncertainty factors and suggests future research directions to resolve these issues.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Donghyun Lee, Seung-Ki Min, Joong-Bae Ahn, Dong-Hyun Cha, Seok-Woo Shin, Eun-Chul Chang, Myoung-Seok Suh, Young-Hwa Byun, Jin-Uk Kim
Summary: This study examines the characteristics of the summer monsoon rainy season over East Asia using multiple regional climate models (RCMs) and global climate models (GCMs). The results show that RCM simulations better reproduce the observed monsoon duration and area than GCMs, indicating the added value of downscaling. The study also projects an increase in the area and duration of the East Asian summer monsoon by the late 21st century, particularly in China, with stronger effects in high emission scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eung-Sup Kim, Joong-Bae Ahn, Kyo-Moon Shim, Jina Hur, Sera Jo, Myoung-Seok Suh, Dong-Hyun Cha, Seung-Ki Min, Hyun-Suk Kang
Summary: This study used five regional climate models to project the future changes in climate-type distribution in South Korea based on the Koppen-Trewartha climate classification. It also predicted the changes in the cultivation area of major fruit crops, apple and mandarin. The results indicate that under the RCP4.5/8.5 scenarios, there will be a decrease in Type D and an increase in Type C towards higher latitudes and elevations. As a result, the cultivation areas of apple and mandarin will undergo significant changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Young-Hyun Kim, Joong-Bae Ahn, Myoung-Seok Suh, Dong-Hyun Cha, Eun-Chul Chang, Seung-Ki Min, Young-Hwa Byun, Jin-Uk Kim
Summary: The adverse impacts of concurrent daytime and nighttime heatwaves on human health are greater due to reduced recovery time. This study projects increased occurrence of concurrent heatwaves in East Asia under different scenarios. The intensity and spatial extent of these heatwaves are expected to increase significantly, particularly in Indochina, East and West China, and India. If current greenhouse gas emissions continue, East Asia will experience unprecedented heat stress in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ga-Yeong Seo, Joong-Bae Ahn, Dong-Hyun Cha, Myoung-Seok Suh, Seung-Ki Min, Eun-Chul Chang, Young-Hwa Byun, Jin-Uk Kim
Summary: Five regional climate models participating in the CORDEX-EA Phase 2 project are evaluated for their ability to simulate spatiotemporal variability in Asian summer precipitation. The models show reasonable performance in simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of summer precipitation, with features greatly influenced by moisture flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yeon-Hee Kim, Seung-Ki Min, Nathan P. Gillett, Dirk Notz, Elizaveta Malinina
Summary: By comparing observational and simulation data, we found that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have a significant impact on Arctic sea ice area, and it is projected that the Arctic will be without ice in September under all scenarios. These results emphasize the profound effects of greenhouse gas emissions on the Arctic region and highlight the need to plan and adapt to a seasonally ice-free Arctic in the near future.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gayan Pathirana, Ji-Hoon Oh, Wenju Cai, Soon-Il An, Seung-Ki Min, Seo-Young Jo, Jongsoo Shin, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: Using a series of experiments, it was found that the frequency and maximum intensity of persistent extreme El Nino events increase further over time. These changes are associated with shifts in the intertropical convergence zone and intensified rainfall response to sea surface temperature change. The increasing frequency of these events has significant impacts on regional abnormalities and mean climate changes.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sanjit Kumar Mondal, Soon-Il An, Seung-Ki Min, Soong-Ki Kim, Jongsoo Shin, Seungmok Paik, Nari Im, Chao Liu
Summary: This study investigates the response of global extreme precipitation to CO2 forcing and associated socioeconomic exposure. It finds that the magnitude of extreme precipitation change and population exposure is higher during the CO2 reduction period. Various irreversible and hysteresis effects are observed, with 69% of global land expected to experience irreversible changes. Hotspots of irreversibility are projected to emerge in more than 20% of the global area, particularly in global land monsoon regions. The highest population exposure is estimated under the SSP3-RD combination, with prominent exposure in South Africa and Asia.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sukhwinder Kaur, Prashant Kumar, Seung-Ki Min, Athira Krishnan, Xiolan L. Wang
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of 39 CMIP5 models in simulating extreme significant wave height (SWH) indices in the Indian Ocean (IO) using ERA5 wave reanalysis as observation proxy. Multiple skill metrics are utilized to evaluate the models' performance over different sub-domains. Results show that the ECCC(s) cluster models exhibit better agreements with the ERA5 reanalysis data for certain indices, while most models have difficulty capturing interannual variability. Integrated assessment confirms the overall superiority of ECCC(s) cluster models in simulating extreme SWH indices over all IO sub-domains.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Do-Hyun Kim, Jin-Uk Kim, Tae-Jun Kim, Young-Hwa Byun, Chu-Yong Chung, Eun-Chul Chang, Dong-Hyun Cha, Joong-Bae Ahn, Seung-Ki Min
Summary: This study investigated future projections of extreme precipitation over the Korean Peninsula under global warming levels of 1.5°C and 2.0°C. The results showed that under 1.5°C global warming, extreme precipitation intensity is projected to increase more than mean precipitation, with a greater increase in northern and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula. The study also examined the mechanisms of extreme precipitation and found that increased moisture capability from warming is likely to contribute to the change.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
In-Hong Park, Sang-Wook Yeh, Wenju Cai, Guojian Wang, Seung-Ki Min, Sang-Ki Lee
Summary: Climate models vary in simulating Atlantic Ocean circulation and carbon uptake. This study uses sea surface salinity (SSS) as a constraint to show that Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures warm slower than expected. The present-day SSS in the North Atlantic subpolar region significantly influences future carbon uptake, reducing uncertainty in warming and carbon accumulation.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seungmok Paik, Soon-Il An, Seung-Ki Min, Andrew D. King, Jongsoo Shin
Summary: Most studies on future monsoon changes have focused on precipitation responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) without considering variations in monsoon area (MA). This study evaluates the impacts of CO2 ramp-up, ramp-down, and stabilized simulations on MA variations, finding that regional monsoons show hysteresis in their response to CO2 levels. The variations in MA and monsoon precipitation are influenced by Intertropical Convergence Zone movements and El Nino-like response. The results suggest that regions with a monsoonal climate may experience reduced seasonal rainfall variations under net-negative CO2 emissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seo-Yeon Kim, Yeong-Ju Choi, Seok-Woo Son, Kevin M. Grise, Paul W. Staten, Soon-Il An, Sang-Wook Yeh, Jong-Seong Kug, Seung-Ki Min, Jongsoo Shin
Summary: A poleward shift of the Hadley cell edge in a warming climate does not reverse when CO2 concentrations are reduced, with the Southern Hemisphere remaining poleward and the Northern Hemisphere moving equatorward. These hemispherically asymmetric changes are linked to wind shear variations in the subtropical atmosphere caused by the slow ocean response to CO2 removal. The findings suggest that CO2 removal may not restore the subtropical dryness associated with Hadley cell changes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Liying Qiu, Eun-Soon Im, Seung-Ki Min, Yeon-Hee Kim, Dong-Hyun Cha, Seok-Woo Shin, Joong-Bae Ahn, Eun-Chul Chang, Young-Hwa Byun
Summary: This study compares four bias correction methods and two correction strategies for adjusting heat-stress indices in regional climate model simulations. The results show that the multivariate approach improves inter-variable dependence and benefits the indirect correction of indices relying equally on multiple drivers. The quantile delta mapping univariate approach also performs well in correcting the heat-stress indices, but attention should be paid to the non-stationarity of bias brought by climate sensitivity.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)