Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Seungwoo Rho, Geunchul Park, Ji Eun Choi, Chan-Yeol Park
Summary: This study developed a dynamic benchmark automation suite to evaluate the performance of various HPC systems, selected four HPC benchmarks for experiments, and verified the performance of different systems under different workloads.
CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Junchao Wang, Guoping Guo, Zheng Shan
Summary: The quantum computer has been claimed to outperform classical computers in solving specific problems, but evaluating its performance based solely on the number of qubits is misleading. Quantum benchmarking plays a crucial role in accurately assessing quantum computer capabilities. This paper reviews existing performance benchmarking protocols, models, and metrics and classifies them into three categories: physical benchmarking, aggregative benchmarking, and application-level benchmarking. The future trend for quantum computer benchmarking is also discussed, along with the proposal to establish QTOP100.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
E. M. Bobrovnikova, F. Lhuillier, V. P. Shcherbakov, V. V. Shcherbakova, G. V. Zhidkov, I. E. Lebedev, B. Eid, V. E. Pavlov
Summary: We conducted a paleointensity survey on lava flows from the Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt, and found that two lava flows during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron provided trustworthy results. The distribution of geomagnetic dipole moments during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron showed a slightly bimodal pattern, indicating different behavior in the geomagnetic field during this period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pasquale Imperatore, Antonio Pepe, Eugenio Sansosti
Summary: This paper presents a perspective on the state-of-the-art of high performance computing (HPC) methodologies applied to spaceborne SAR interferometry, discussing different parallel algorithms for interferometric processing of SAR data at various levels. It emphasizes on key processing steps and computational relevance, examines existing implementations of InSAR stages using diverse parallel strategies and architectures, and analyzes selected InSAR computational schemes in the literature to outline potentialities and limitations. The survey focuses on inherent computational approaches enabling large-scale interferometric SAR processing, offering insight into open issues and outlining future trends in the field.
Review
Automation & Control Systems
Fu-Xiang Liang, I-Ting Wang, Tuo-Hung Hou
Summary: This article reviews the recent progress of emerging spiking neuron devices and circuits, discussing the advantages and challenges in area and energy efficiency by benchmarking various technologies. Desirable properties include a small or even no membrane capacitor, a self-reset property, and a high spiking frequency.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiming Zhang, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Margaret S. Avery, Roger R. Fu
Summary: This study obtained estimates of Earth's magnetic field strength in deep time by analyzing anorthosite xenoliths. The results indicate the existence of a strongly powered geodynamo in the past, challenging the hypothesis of a young inner core and the progressive decay of Earth's dynamo strength. These findings provide new insights into the evolution of Earth and the mechanisms behind the formation of the magnetic field.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Vladimir O. Rybintsev
Summary: Based on the analysis of TOP500 results, a functional dependence of the performance of clusters without accelerators on their parameters was identified. The comparison between calculated and tested results showed an estimation error of no more than 2% for processors from different generations and manufacturers. This level of accuracy allows for successful prediction of cluster performance.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
C. A. Silva, R. Vilaca, A. Pereira, R. J. Bessa
Summary: The decarbonization of high-performance computing centers is crucial for improving their environmental and financial performance. State-of-the-art supercomputers are growing in computing power and evolving in terms of both energy and information technology infrastructure. Collaboration between policy and energy sectors can generate new revenue streams and facilitate integration of these centers into energy systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xueyu Han, Ishtiaq Rasool Khan, Susanto Rahardja
Summary: Compared to conventional digital imaging, high dynamic range (HDR) image tone mapping technology faithfully reproduces real-world scenes on common displays for enhanced viewing experience. This paper presents a literature review and benchmarks of existing tone mapping methods, providing updated information and paving the way for further developments in the field.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Dafu Lou, Alex He, Michael Redding, Marc Geitz, Ryan Toth, Ronny Doring, Richard Carson, Randy Kuang
Summary: This paper presents the application of Quantum Permutation Pad (QPP) in quantum secure encryption, demonstrating its usage in both classical and quantum computing systems. The paper also introduces a Digital Quantum Key Distribution (D-QKD) platform that utilizes QPP as a quantum mechanical algorithm in classical systems to distribute quantum entropy and quantum keys over the internet. Benchmark performance tests and randomness quality tests are conducted to evaluate the pure quantum entropy generated by Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and the expanded entropy using the QPP protocol.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Nicholas F. Giannelis, Tamas Bykerk, Gareth A. Vio
Summary: This paper introduces a generic model for the study of aerodynamic behavior of fifth-generation high-performance aircraft. The model design, wind tunnel tests, numerical simulations, and validation of vortex behavior are presented. This research provides validation test cases for aircraft geometries and promotes best practices in aerodynamic modeling.
Review
Mathematics
Pilsung Kang
Summary: The field of edge computing has experienced significant growth in recent years, particularly in applications such as artificial intelligence and big data processing. This is due to the powerful hardware accelerators in edge systems that offer extensive hardware parallelism. With the increasing computing power of edge devices, edge computing is now being applied to areas that traditionally require high-performance computing resources, like scientific computing. This paper reviews the current research status of implementing high-performance computing on edge devices with parallel accelerators, focusing on software environments, programming models, and benchmark methods. The applicability of existing approaches is examined, and possible improvements necessary for realizing high-performance computing on modern edge systems are discussed.
Article
Mechanics
Yufan Xu, Susanne Horn, Jonathan M. Aurnou
Summary: The study presents laboratory measurements of the interaction between thermoelectric currents and turbulent magnetoconvection, and develops a thermoelectric magnetoconvection model that successfully predicts magnetoprecession dynamics. The model relies on thermoelectric current loops generating horizontal torques on circulatory flow, driving a precessional motion of the large-scale circulation. This model's precession frequency predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations, suggesting potential applications in planetary interior magnetohydrodynamics.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ping-Jing Lu, Ming-Che Lai, Jun-Sheng Chang
Summary: This article introduces the importance of high-performance interconnection networks in high-performance computing systems, as well as the trends and technologies in the development of high-performance computing. It also analyzes the main interconnection networks currently used and discusses the future challenges and prospects.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marco Lapegna, Walter Balzano, Norbert Meyer, Diego Romano
Summary: The combination of Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing aims to transfer decision-making processes to sensor networks' periphery, leading to the development of devices with reduced energy consumption and moderate computing power. Clustering algorithms are practical tools for finding correlations within large datasets, but their high computational cost requires parallel implementation. Experiments show that UDOO X86 Advanced+ and NVIDIA Jetson Nano boards offer a more favorable trade-off between performance and energy consumption compared to other high-end computing devices.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Toshio Ishikawa, Shin-ichi Takehiro, Michio Yamada
Summary: We investigate thermal convection in two horizontal layers of miscible fluids and propose a new model to describe the transition of the convection pattern associated with the change of the width of the transitional layer.
JAPAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Quentin Nicolas, Bruce Buffett
Summary: Recent geomagnetic observations show localized oscillations in the field's secular acceleration at high latitudes with a period of about 20 years. This study examines the hypothesis that these observations are the result of MAC waves generated in Earth's core. By evaluating several generation mechanisms using dynamo simulations, the Lorentz force is found to be the most effective in producing high-latitude MAC waves with amplitudes consistent with observed oscillations.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Thomas Gastine, Jonathan M. Aurnou
Summary: Convection dynamics in polar regions differ from those in lower latitudes. In spherical shell simulations, polar convection is triggered when the buoyancy forcing exceeds the critical equatorial forcing by a factor of 20. The heat transfer in polar regions increases much faster than in equatorial regions with increasing Rayleigh number. At high Rayleigh numbers, the heat fluxes in polar and equatorial regions become comparable.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Radostin D. Simitev, Antesar Al Dawoud, Muhamad H. N. Aziz, Rachel Myles, Godfrey L. Smith
Summary: The assumption that myocytes from the same region of a single heart have similar action potential waveforms and drug responses is challenged by recent experiments, which reveal significant heterogeneity in uncoupled healthy myocytes both within and between hearts. In this study, a methodology is developed to quantify the individual electrophysiological properties of large numbers of uncoupled cardiomyocytes under ion channel block. The approach is applied to a population of rabbit ventricular myocytes to assess the effects of the drug nifedipine on action potential duration.
MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard M. Lueptow, Rainer Hollerbach, Eric Serre
Summary: In 1923, G. I. Taylor's seminal paper on the stability of Taylor-Couette flow was published in Philosophical Transactions. This paper has had a significant impact on the field of fluid mechanics, extending to rotating flows, geophysical flows, and astrophysical flows. It also established foundational concepts in fluid mechanics that are now widely accepted.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Nils B. de Vries, Adrian J. Barker, Rainer Hollerbach
Summary: Elliptical instability is a form of instability in which elliptical streamlines are excited by large-scale tidal flows in rotating fluid bodies, generating inertial waves when the dimensionless tidal amplitude (epsilon) is sufficiently large. While it operates in convection zones, its interactions with turbulent convection have not been studied in this context.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
P. Driscoll, C. Davies
Summary: The persistence of the geomagnetic field conflicts with the highly thermally conductive core, making core convection and dynamo action difficult. Parameters such as mantle viscosity ratio, core thermal conductivity, and core radiogenic heat rate were explored to understand core evolution. Previous models failed to reproduce the present-day inner core size and dynamo, but a potentially new solution involving a hot initial core and lower melting temperature deserves further investigation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
T. Schwaiger, D. Jault, N. Gillet, N. Schaeffer, M. Mandea
Summary: Inference of fluid motion below the core-mantle boundary from geomagnetic observations is a highly non-unique inverse problem. A new method is proposed that provides a unique local estimate of the velocity field by assuming quasi-geostrophic flow and neglecting magnetic diffusion. The method overcomes the underdetermination by inverting the flow at each point of a spherical grid representing the core surface and mitigates the unreliable reconstruction of small-scale flows by smoothing the velocity field using Gaussian process regression.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Tahani Al Sariri, Radostin D. Simitev, Raimondo Penta
Summary: We propose a new mathematical model for blood flow, nanoparticles delivery, and heat transport in vascularised tumour tissue. The model, derived through asymptotic homogenisation technique, provides a connection between the system's macroscale behaviour and its underlying micro-structure. By using finite element method to perform simulations, we investigate the influence of vessel geometry on tumour temperature and determine the optimal conditions for hyperthermia treatment.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jonathan E. E. Mound, Christopher J. J. Davies
Summary: Thermal interactions between Earth's core and mantle play a crucial role in maintaining the geomagnetic field, but their specific effects on magnetic field behavior are still uncertain. Through numerical dynamo simulations, researchers successfully reproduced Earth-like conditions and revealed how the mantle controls core dynamics. By comparing these simulations to global magnetic field models, they found that the long-term geomagnetic signatures are characterized by equatorial patches of reverse flux. Additionally, the simulations suggest that the present-day geomagnetic field may be unusual.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kumiko Hori, Chris A. Jones, Arrate Antunano, Leigh N. Fletcher, Steven M. Tobias
Summary: Torsional waves that extend into the deep interior of Jupiter can modulate the outgoing heat flux and couple with Jupiter's weather layer to generate observed quasi-periodic oscillations in the cloud deck. These waves can be used to explore the interior structure of gas giants.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alfred J. Wilson, Dario Alfe, Andrew M. Walker, Christopher J. Davies
Summary: The formation of Earth's solid inner core is a significant event in the evolution of the deep Earth and the generation of the geomagnetic field. Previous studies have underestimated the cooling required for the inner core nucleation, leaving a gap in our understanding of deep Earth evolution. This paper explores untested iron-rich systems to better understand the nucleation process and provides new insights into the formation of Earth's inner core.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Arnau Folch, Claudia Abril, Michael Afanasiev, Giorgio Amati, Michael Bader, Rosa M. Badia, Hafize B. Bayraktar, Sara Barsotti, Roberto Basili, Fabrizio Bernardi, Christian Boehm, Beatriz Brizuela, Federico Brogi, Eduardo Cabrera, Emanuele Casarotti, Manuel J. Castro, Matteo Cerminara, Antonella Cirella, Alexey Cheptsov, Javier Conejero, Antonio Costa, Marc de la Asuncion, Josep de la Puente, Marco Djuric, Ravil Dorozhinskii, Gabriela Espinosa, Tomaso Esposti-Ongaro, Joan Farnos, Nathalie Favretto-Cristini, Andreas Fichtner, Alexandre Fournier, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Jean-Matthieu Gallard, Steven J. Gibbons, Sylfest Glimsdal, Jose Manuel Gonzalez-Vida, Jose Gracia, Rose Gregorio, Natalia Gutierrez, Benedikt Halldorsson, Okba Hamitou, Guillaume Houzeaux, Stephan Jaure, Mouloud Kessar, Lukas Krenz, Lion Krischer, Soline Laforet, Piero Lanucara, Bo Li, Maria Concetta Lorenzino, Stefano Lorito, Finn Lovholt, Giovanni Macedonio, Jorge Macias, Guillermo Marin, Beatriz Martinez Montesinos, Leonardo Mingari, Genevieve Moguilny, Vadim Montellier, Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, Georges Emmanuel Moulard, Masaru Nagaso, Massimo Nazaria, Christoph Niethammer, Federica Pardini, Marta Pienkowska, Luca Pizzimenti, Natalia Poiata, Leonhard Rannabauer, Otilio Rojas, Juna Esteban Rodriguez, Fabrizio Romano, Oleksandr Rudyy, Vittorio Ruggiero, Philipp Samfass, Carlos Sanchez-Linares, Sabrina Sanchez, Laura Sandri, Antonio Scala, Nathanael Schaeffer, Joseph Schuchart, Jacopo Selva, Amadine Sergeant, Angela Stallone, Matteo Taroni, Solvi Thrastarson, Manuel Titos, Nadia Tonelllo, Roberto Tonini, Thomas Ulrich, Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Malte Voge, Manuela Volpe, Sara Aniko Wirp, Uwe Woessner
Summary: The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE) focuses on developing high-level transition capabilities in the geophysics domain to address computational challenges related to earth sciences. The project has successfully optimized community codes and implemented pilot demonstrators to tackle capability and capacity challenges in areas such as seismology, tsunami science, volcanology, and magnetohydrodynamics. The partnership with the Industry and User Board (IUB) has facilitated the dissemination of results across various sectors and institutions.
FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Daria Holdenried-Chernoff, David A. King, Bruce A. Buffett
Summary: This paper introduces a stochastic fluid motion model for studying the generation of the geomagnetic field and obtains statistical properties similar to observations. This model helps to understand the long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Parag Gupta, David Mactaggart, Radostin D. Simitev
Summary: Contemporary three-dimensional physics-based simulations of the solar convection zone disagree with observations. They feature differential rotation substantially different from the true rotation inferred by solar helioseismology and exhibit a conveyor belt of convective Busse columns not found in observations. To help unravel this so-called convection conundrum, we use a three-dimensional pseudospectral simulation code to investigate how radially non-uniform viscosity and entropy diffusivity affect differential rotation and convective flow patterns in density-stratified rotating spherical fluid shells. We find that radial non-uniformity in fluid properties enhances polar convection, which, in turn, induces non-negligible lateral entropy gradients that lead to large deviations from differential rotation geostrophy due to thermal wind balance. We report simulations wherein this mechanism maintains differential rotation patterns very similar to the true solar profile outside the tangent cylinder, although discrepancies remain at high latitudes. This is significant because differential rotation plays a key role in sustaining solar-like cyclic dipolar dynamos.