Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshikazu Kawai, Maki Kawai, Eilidh Sohini Mackenzie, Yousef Dashti, Bernhard Kepplinger, Kevin John Waldron, Jeff Errington
Summary: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by β-lactam antibiotics results in loss of cell wall integrity, leading to cell death through metabolic perturbations and oxidative damage. Kawai et al. identify key enzymatic steps that stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and highlight the role of iron homeostasis in the lethal effects mediated by oxidative damage.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fan Jiang, Kunlun Yin, Kun Wu, Mingmin Zhang, Shiqiang Wang, Heping Cheng, Zhou Zhou, Bailong Xiao
Summary: The Piezo1 channel serves as a key cardiac mechanotransducer for converting mechanical stretch of cardiomyocytes into Ca2+ and ROS signaling to maintain normal heart function.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Brenda Canales Coutino, Roberto Mayor
Summary: This review discusses the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration, focusing on the processes regulated by Ca2+. While some mechanosensitive channels are known to be involved in regulating cell migration, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms downstream of their activation is still lacking.
CELLS & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wenlong Li, Sedighe Keynia, Samuel A. Belteton, Faezeh Afshar-Hatam, Daniel B. Szymanski, Joseph A. Turner
Summary: The mechanical properties, size and geometry of cells, and internal turgor pressure play a significant role in cell morphogenesis. This study presents an experimental-computational approach to analyze the elastic bending behavior of Arabidopsis pavement cells and measure turgor pressure under different osmotic conditions. The results reveal the nonuniform distribution of wall modulus and provide insights into the heterogeneity and anisotropy of plant cell walls.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenji Nishizawa, Shao-Zhen Lin, Claire Chardes, Jean-Francois Rupprecht, Pierre-Francois Lenne
Summary: Biological tissues acquire reproducible shapes through dynamic cell behaviors, particularly the remodeling of cell-cell contacts. This study developed a technique to manipulate stress patterns on these contacts in the early epithelium of Drosophila embryos and found that Myosin -II activity responds to junction strain rate, facilitating junction shrinkage. These findings provide insights into the efficient deformation of cell-cell contacts in vivo and reveal the mechanosensitive features of their remodeling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biology
Natalie A. Dye, Marko Popovic, K. Venkatesan Iyer, Jana F. Fuhrmann, Romina Piscitello-Gomez, Suzanne Eaton, Frank Juelicher
Summary: Research on the Drosophila wing imaginal disc during larval development reveals a pattern of cell shape and tissue stress that can arise via self-organization of a mechanical feedback coupling cell polarity to active cell rearrangements. This mechanism for cellular pattern emergence is supported by knockdown experiments involving MyoVI, a mechanosensitive feedback component.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huan Zhang, Srutha Venkatesan, Emily Ng, Beiyan Nan
Summary: This study found that the inhibited PG synthases can affect bacterial morphology by accelerating the degradation of cell poles through hydrolytic PG peptidase. Disrupting the coordination between PG synthases and hydrolases could be more lethal than eliminating individual enzymes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alam Garcia-Heredia, Takehiro Kado, Caralyn E. Sein, Julia Puffal, Sarah H. Osman, Julius Judd, Todd A. Gray, Yasu S. Morita, M. Sloan Siegrist
Summary: Many antibiotics target the cell wall peptidoglycan assembly in bacteria, which relies on lipid-linked precursors made in plasma membrane domains that are distinct from sites of cell wall assembly. Membrane partitioning contributes to robust peptidoglycan synthesis, and feedback from the polymer to the membrane template helps maintain an environment conducive to directional synthesis. The findings suggest that horizontal compartmentalization of precursors may be a general feature of bacillary cell wall biogenesis in rod-shaped bacteria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irina Shlosman, Elayne M. M. Fivenson, Morgan S. A. Gilman, Tyler A. A. Sisley, Suzanne Walker, Thomas G. G. Bernhardt, Andrew C. C. Kruse, Joseph J. J. Loparo
Summary: The authors demonstrate that the activation of cell wall synthesis in bacteria is regulated by the dynamic behavior of the RodA-PBP2 protein complex. This finding provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the coordination of glycan polymerization and crosslinking during peptidoglycan synthesis, which is crucial for bacterial morphology and survival.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Olivier Ali, Ibrahim Cheddadi, Benoit Landrein, Yuchen Long
Summary: Growth is crucial for plant morphogenesis, and the mechanical components of cell wall tension and turgor pressure play key roles. Previously, turgor pressure was seen as constant and passive, but recent studies indicate that it can be spatially variable and actively regulated during growth.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jason J. Northey, Valerie M. Weaver
Summary: Mechanical forces and steroid hormones play important roles in regulating cell fate and tissue development. Aberrant steroid hormone action is associated with tumor origin, while prolonged perturbations to mechanical forces may lead to tumor progression and the development of aggressive metastatic diseases.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marc Fradera-Soler, Alistair Leverett, Jozef Mravec, Bodil Jorgensen, Anne M. Borland, Olwen M. Grace
Summary: Succulent plants have evolved to adapt to low water availability through the presence of water-storage tissues. Elastic adjustment of cell walls plays a unique role in avoiding turgor loss in succulents, and there are biochemical differences in cell wall composition between succulent and non-succulent plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Qi Zhong, Chen-Xu Wu, Rui Ma
Summary: The cell wall is an important model system in biology, preventing over-expansion of cells when exposed to water. This paper examines the deformation of a membrane patch by osmotic pressure through a nanopore on the cell wall. The study reveals a critical pore size or pressure beyond which the membrane cannot withstand, leading to inflation through the pore. The critical pore size is linearly related to membrane tension and quadratically related to spontaneous curvature. The critical pressure is inversely proportional to pore radius. The results suggest that membrane bending rigidity in walled cells should be larger than that of mammalian cells to prevent membrane inflation through cell wall pores.
Review
Physiology
Mengning Zheng, Niyati A. Borkar, Yang Yao, Xianwei Ye, Elizabeth R. Vogel, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash
Summary: Mechanosensitive channels play a crucial role in cell sensing and response, and the mechanical activation of ion channels and downstream signaling pathways is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and the development of diseases. Understanding TRP and Piezo channels in the lung can provide new insights for pulmonary disease treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Pritha Mukherjee, Suneha G. Rahaman, Rishov Goswami, Bidisha Dutta, Manisha Mahanty, Shaik O. Rahaman
Summary: Mechanical forces play a critical role in cellular processes and are especially important in the vascular system. They are involved in both physiological functions and pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. The role of mechanosensitive ion channels/receptors in atherosclerosis is not well understood, but recent studies have shed light on their specific roles in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, foam cell formation, and lesion development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jie Li, Jinliang Wang, Jun Zhang, Chenli Liu, Suling He, Lanfang Liu
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the vegetation dynamics and influencing factors in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) area from 2001 to 2020, revealing an increasing trend in vegetation coverage. The increase in artificial crops offset the decrease in natural vegetation, driving the overall greening trend.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Chenli Liu, Wenlong Li, Jing Xu, Huakun Zhou, Changhui Li, Wenying Wang
Summary: With the worsening of environmental problems, ecological security has become a global concern in the 21st century. This study used bibliometric analysis to review the progress of global research in ecological security from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that China was the leading country in terms of research, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences being the most productive institution. The focal topics have shifted from ecological security assessment to ecological security patterns.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hong Wang, Fei Zang, Chuanyan Zhao, Chenli Liu
Summary: Accurate precipitation data are essential for various research purposes. This study applied a GWR model coupled with SRA to downscale GSMaP-Gauge precipitation products in the Qilian Mountains, resulting in improved accuracy compared to the original data. The spatial distribution of precipitation showed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest, with an overall increasing trend in most areas over the past 20 years.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Virginia Muir, Sara Sagadiev, Shuozhi Liu, Ursula Holder, Andrea M. Armendariz, Emmaline Suchland, Iana Meitlis, Nathan Camp, Natalia Giltiay, Jenny M. Tam, Ethan C. Garner, Carl N. Wivagg, Donna Shows, Richard G. James, Adam Lacy-Hulbert, Mridu Acharya
Summary: This study investigates the involvement of autophagy in human B cells and reveals that ITGAV/alpha(v)-dependent autophagy limits the activation of specific pathways related to B cell responses while promoting others.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Barbara Schamberger, Ricardo Ziege, Karine Anselme, Martine Ben Amar, Michal Bykowski, Andre P. G. Castro, Amaia Cipitria, Rhoslyn A. Coles, Rumiana Dimova, Michaela Eder, Sebastian Ehrig, Luis M. Escudero, Myfanwy E. Evans, Paulo R. Fernandes, Peter Fratzl, Liesbet Geris, Notburga Gierlinger, Edouard Hannezo, Ales Iglic, Jacob J. K. Kirkensgaard, Philip Kollmannsberger, Lucja Kowalewska, Nicholas A. Kurniawan, Ioannis Papantoniou, Laurent Pieuchot, Tiago H. V. Pires, Lars D. Renner, Andrew O. Sageman-Furnas, Gerd E. Schroder-Turk, Anupam Sengupta, Vikas R. Sharma, Antonio Tagua, Caterina Tomba, Xavier Trepat, Sarah L. Waters, Edwina F. Yeo, Andreas Roschger, Cecile M. Bidan, John W. C. Dunlop
Summary: Surface curvature plays an important role in biological systems, from cell membranes to tissues and organs. Experimental and theoretical investigations have supported the relevance of surface curvature in biology. This review provides an introduction to the key concepts of surface curvature in biological systems and discusses the challenges in measuring it. The review also highlights the response of cells, tissues, and organisms to curvature, as well as the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Olha Aftenieva, Markas Sudzius, Anatol Prudnikau, Mohammad Adnan, Swagato Sarkar, Vladimir Lesnyak, Karl Leo, Andreas Fery, Tobias A. F. Koenig
Summary: Miniaturized laser sources with low threshold power can be achieved by using photostable core/shell nanocrystals as gain material and directly patterning them as distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The subwavelength pattern resolution required for DFB lasers is achieved through soft lithography based on template-assisted colloidal self-assembly. The combination with the directional Langmuir-Blodgett arrangement allows for control of the waveguide layer thickness.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Enno R. Oldewurtel, Yuki Kitahara, Baptiste Cordier, Richard Wheeler, Gizem Ozbaykal, Elisa Brambilla, Ivo Gomperts Boneca, Lars D. Renner, Sven van Teeffelen
Summary: All bacterial cells must expand their envelopes during growth and this expansion is mainly controlled by the peptidoglycan cell wall. However, our study shows that the growth and shape changes of bacterial envelopes can still occur independently of cell wall insertion. Even when cell wall insertion is inhibited, bacterial cells can continue to expand their surface areas in proportion to biomass growth rate and alter their shape in response to mechanical forces.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jens Friedrichs, Ralf Helbig, Julia Hilsenbeck, Prithvi Raj Pandey, Jens-Uwe Sommer, Lars David Renner, Tilo Pompe, Carsten Werner
Summary: Control of adhesion is an important phenomenon in living matter, especially in terms of technological translation. We found that entropic repulsion caused by interfacial orientational fluctuations of cholesterol layers restricts protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. Our insights provide a new perspective on biointerfaces and may guide future material design in the regulation of adhesion.
Review
Biology
Xian-En Zhang, Chenli Liu, Junbiao Dai, Yingjin Yuan, Caixia Gao, Yan Feng, Bian Wu, Ping Wei, Chun You, Xiaowo Wang, Tong Si
Summary: Synthetic biology provides a new paradigm (build to learn) for life science research and opens up the future of biotechnology (build to use). This article discusses the advances in various principles and technologies in synthetic biology, including genome synthesis and assembly, DNA storage, gene editing, molecular evolution, de novo design of functional proteins, cell and gene circuit engineering, cell-free synthetic biology, AI-aided synthetic biology, and biofoundries. The concept of quantitative synthetic biology, which aims to increase accuracy and predictability in rational design, is also introduced. The article concludes that as enabling technologies continue to develop and core theories mature, synthetic biology will establish its own disciplinary system.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hong Wang, Chenli Liu, Fei Zang, Youyan Liu, Yapeng Chang, Guozhu Huang, Guiquan Fu, Chuanyan Zhao, Xiaohuang Liu
Summary: Due to climate change and human activities, the eco-environment quality (EEQ) in the Qilian Mountains (QLM) region of the Tibetan Plateau has undergone significant changes. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of EEQ using remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020. The results showed a low EEQ initially improving, then deteriorating, and finally gradually recovering. Precipitation was identified as the dominant positive factor, and the key factors affecting EEQ varied significantly in space.
Article
Microbiology
Yingjie Sun, Sylvia Huerlimann, Ethan Garner
Summary: Bacillus subtilis senses nutrient conditions via PrkC to modulate growth rate. The density of MreB filaments and the growth rate of B. subtilis are both dependent on the abundance of Lipid II and murAA, which are sensed by PrkC. Phosphorylated RodZ increases MreB filament density, resulting in an increased cell growth rate. PrkC functions as a cellular rheostat, allowing fine-tuning of cell growth rates in response to Lipid II in different nutrient conditions.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xin Zhang, Pengbo Wang, Yi Yang, Xin Gao, Yu Tang, Ying Luo, Xiangbing Deng, Yongyang Yu, Lanlan Zhang, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of the impact of depression on Crohn's disease (CD) and found that monocytes/macrophages in blood and intestine play significant roles in both depression and CD. These cells mediate the effects of depression on CD through modulation of CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, phagocytic ability, and cytokine production.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sean A. Wilson, Raveen K. J. Tank, Jamie K. Hobbs, Simon J. Foster, Ethan C. Garner
Summary: The only essential function of cell wall hydrolases in B. subtilis is to enable cell growth by expanding the wall, and LytE or CwlO alone is sufficient for this function.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Juliane Valtin, Stephan Behrens, Andre Ruland, Florian Schmieder, Frank Sonntag, Lars D. Renner, Manfred F. Maitz, Carsten Werner
Summary: A new single-pass blood flow model has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel antimicrobial materials under in vivo-like conditions, capturing interactions between bacteria and biomaterials surfaces in the presence of key components of the ex vivo host response.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaibhav Gupta, Olha Aftenieva, Patrick T. Probst, Swagato Sarkar, Anja M. Steiner, Nicolas Vogel, Andreas Fery, Tobias A. F. Koenig
Summary: This study focuses on the rational design and dispersion engineering of plasmonic colloid gratings for refractive index sensing. A 1D colloidal plasmonic lattice composed of nanoparticle dimer chains is fabricated using interference lithography, soft molding, and colloidal self-assembly. The lattice exhibits special out-of-plane lattice resonance (OPLR) under oblique illumination with transverse magnetic polarization, leading to enhanced sensitivity. Experimental results show narrow spectral linewidth and high-quality factor for these resonances compared to single particles. The study also demonstrates the potential application of this platform in asymmetric refractive index environments using a glycerol-water mixture as a model system.
ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)