期刊
TOXINS
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060399
关键词
turkey X disease; aflatoxin; milestones; toxicity; mitigation
资金
- Ministry of Health, Czech Republic-conceptual development of research organization (National Institute of Public Health-NIPH) [IN 75010330]
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic [2115/2020]
Aflatoxins, starting from the early 1960s, have been recognized as highly significant in agriculture and global health due to their acutely toxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Besides posing threats to food security and human health, they impact humanity at various levels including social, economical, and political. Mitigation strategies using biocontrol methods are being emphasized in dealing with aflatoxin contamination.
In the early 1960s the discovery of aflatoxins began when a total of 100,000 turkey poults died by hitherto unknown turkey X disease in England. The disease was associated with Brazilian groundnut meal affected by Aspergillus flavus. The toxin was named Aspergillus flavus toxin-aflatoxin. From the point of view of agriculture, aflatoxins show the utmost importance. Until now, a total of 20 aflatoxins have been described, with B-1, B-2, G(1), and G(2) aflatoxins being the most significant. Contamination by aflatoxins is a global health problem. Aflatoxins pose acutely toxic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Besides food insecurity and human health, aflatoxins affect humanity at different levels, such as social, economical, and political. Great emphasis is placed on aflatoxin mitigation using biocontrol methods. Thus, this review is focused on aflatoxins in terms of historical development, the principal milestones of aflatoxin research, and recent data on their toxicity and different ways of mitigation.
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