Separation and Recovery of Gold(III), Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) by Solvent Extraction Using a New β-Diketone Derivative from Acidic Solutions

This study indicates that a new amine derivative of beta-diketone (EDAB-acac) can be successfully used in an acidic medium (HCl) to separate a mixture containing Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) ions using solvent extraction. The study was conducted in single and ternary model solutions. The impact of acid concentration and the type of solvent (toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride, 2-ethylhexanol) on separation efficiency was discussed. It has been shown that increasing the HCl concentration in the aqueous phase does not favor extraction. In contrast, solvents with high donor numbers (methylene chloride, 2-ethylhexanol) increase both the extraction percentage of Pd and Au as well as the separation coefficients of Pd in relation to Au and Pt. The palladium(II) and gold(III) (which form 4-coordinated planar [MCl4](2-) complexes) are extracted most efficiently, Pd(II) (87-93%) and Au(III) (56-62%). The stripping of Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) ions from the EDAB-acac-methylene chloride phase was also investigated using 0.5 M ammonia aq., mineral acid (5 M HCl, 5 M HNO3), 0.1 M thiourea in HCl and 0.5 M ammonium thiocyanate. A 3-step stripping process was proposed for the recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) from the Pd-Au-Pt mixture in the EDAB-acac-methylene chloride system. In the first stage, the aqueous phase is treated with 5 M HNO3 (Pt separation), followed by the application of 0.5 M ammonia (Pd separation) and, finally, 0.1 M thiourea in HCl (Au separation). The solvent extraction with EDAB-acac in acidic medium (HCl) can be used for separation of Pd(II) and Au(III) ions from e-waste leach solutions.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that a new amine derivative EDAB-acac can effectively separate a mixture containing Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) ions in an acidic medium (HCl) using solvent extraction. The impact of acid concentration and solvent type on separation efficiency was discussed, with high donor number solvents enhancing extraction. A 3-step stripping process for the recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) from the mixture was proposed, making it useful for e-waste recycling.