Review
Biology
Benjamin Chen, Boris Julg, Sindhu Mohandas, Steven B. Bradfute
Summary: This article discusses the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infection, known as "long COVID." Through a study of a large cohort of patients, it is found that viral persistence or reactivation may contribute to the diverse range of symptoms associated with long COVID. Understanding the mechanisms of viral persistence or reactivation and their association with inflammatory responses can provide insights for treatment.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Darren Martin
Summary: Molnupiravir, an antiviral drug for COVID-19, can cause multiple mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, potentially accelerating the evolution and transmission of viral variants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philippe Lemey, Nick Ruktanonchai, Samuel L. Hong, Vittoria Colizza, Chiara Poletto, Frederik Van den Broeck, Mandev S. Gill, Xiang Ji, Anthony Levasseur, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Marion Koopmans, Adam Sadilek, Shengjie Lai, Andrew J. Tatem, Guy Baele, Marc A. Suchard, Simon Dellicour
Summary: In late summer 2020, more than half of the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in many European countries resulted from new introductions, and the success in onward transmission of these newly introduced lineages was negatively associated with the local incidence of COVID-19. The widespread dissemination of variants in summer 2020 highlights the threat of viral spread when restrictions are lifted.
Article
Immunology
Ghobad Moradi, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad, Sanaz Ahmadi, Abbas Aghaei, Fares Bahrami, Arshad Veysi, Rasool Nasiri Kalmarzi, Azad Shokri, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Behzad Mohsenpour, Asadollah Mohammadi
Summary: Most recovered COVID-19 subjects develop a robust and persistent SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody response, with levels strongly correlated with clinical symptoms and disease severity. These antibodies can serve as an additional diagnostic tool to monitor and control the spread of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Al Ozonoff, Joanna Schaenman, Naresh Doni Jayavelu, Carly E. Milliren, Carolyn S. Calfee, Charles B. Cairns, Monica Kraft, Lindsey R. Baden, Albert C. Shaw, Florian Krammer, Harm van Bakel, Denise A. Esserman, Shanshan Liu, Ana Fernandez Sesma, Viviana Simon, David A. Hafler, Ruth R. Montgomery, Steven H. Kleinstein, Ofer Levy, Christian Bime, Elias K. Haddad, David J. Erle, Bali Pulendran, Kari C. Nadeau, Mark M. Davis, Catherine L. Hough, William B. Messer, Nelson I. Agudelo Higuita, Jordan P. Metcalf, Mark A. Atkinson, Scott C. Brakenridge, David Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Lauren I. R. Ehrlich, Esther Melamed, Grace A. McComsey, Rafick Sekaly, Joann Diray-Arce, Bjoern Peters, Alison D. Augustine, Elaine F. Reed, Matthew C. Altman, Patrice M. Becker, Nadine Rouphael, IMPACC Study Grp
Summary: This study aims to better understand the association between characteristics of COVID-19 patients and their outcomes. It found that risk factors such as age, Hispanic ethnicity, elevated baseline creatinine or troponin levels, baseline lymphopenia, presence of infiltrate by chest imaging, and high SARS-CoV2 viral load were associated with prolonged hospitalization or death. Female sex was the only risk factor associated with post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC). The findings provide important insights for patient management and prognosis improvement.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andreas Zollner, Robert Koch, Almina Jukic, Alexandra Pfister, Moritz Meyer, Annika Roessler, Janine Kimpel, Timon E. Adolph, Herbert Tilg
Summary: The study investigates whether the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in infected tissues is responsible for postacute COVID-19 syndrome. The results suggest that viral antigen persistence may be the underlying cause of postacute COVID-19 and this concept should be validated in controlled clinical trials.
Article
Virology
David A. Forero-Pena, Matthew M. Hernandez, Iriana Paola Mozo Herrera, Ivan Bolivar Collado Espinal, Joselyn Paez Paz, Carlos Ferro, David M. Flora-Noda, Andrea L. Maricuto, Viledy L. Velasquez, Natasha A. Camejo-Avila, Emilia M. Sordillo, Lourdes A. Delgado-Noguera, Luis A. Perez-Garcia, Carlos G. Morantes Rodriguez, Maria Eugenia Landaeta, Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi
Summary: Reports have highlighted the potential neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the possibility of treatment for COVID-19 itself exacerbating these symptoms. However, it is currently unknown whether immediate or long-term neuropsychiatric complications may follow SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamil Demircan, Thilo Samson Chillon, Qian Sun, Raban Arved Heller, Georg Jochen Klingenberg, Ines Maria Hirschbil-Bremer, Petra Seemann, Joachim Diegmann, Manuel Bachmann, Arash Moghaddam, Lutz Schomburg
Summary: This observational study found no association between selenium status or supplemental selenium intake and humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katy Smoot, Jianbo Yang, Danyel Hermes Tacker, Shelley Welch, Maryam Khodaverdi, Wes Kimble, Sijin Wen, Ayne Amjad, Clay Marsh, Peter L. Perrotta, Sally Hodder
Summary: This cross-sectional study examined the persistence of humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination and the association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and subsequent infection among nursing home residents and staff. The findings showed that antibody levels decreased over time after vaccination or infection, and individuals who received a third booster vaccination had higher antibody responses. Lower antibody levels were associated with breakthrough infection during the Delta surge, but no significant association was found between antibody level and infection observed during the Omicron surge.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christian M. Tegeler, Tatjana Bilich, Yacine Maringer, Helmut R. Salih, Juliane S. Walz, Annika Nelde, Jonas S. Heitmann
Summary: This study evaluated the correlation between different clinical COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The results showed that the intensity of humoral immune responses was associated with the severity of most symptoms, while T cell response intensity was linked to the severity of loss of smell or taste and cough, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells play a role in preventing severe symptoms of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad, Catherine A. Blish, Federica Sallusto, Akiko Iwasaki
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
Review
Virology
Ji-Ming Chen
Summary: Live unattenuated vaccines (LUVs) have been underestimated for decades due to safety concerns, but they have the potential to be safe and effective in controlling viral diseases, especially with the development of modern technologies like humanized monoclonal antibodies. Further research with animal experiments and clinical trials is needed to explore their efficacy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alvaro Carvalho, Ana Rita Henriques, Paula Queiros, Joana Rodrigues, Nuno Mendonca, Ana Maria Rodrigues, Helena Canhao, Germano de Sousa, Francisco Antunes, Miguel Guimaraes
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its dynamics during 9 months in COVID-19 patients. The results showed a lasting anti-S IgG antibody response after 9 months in the majority of patients. Factors such as age and symptomatic disease were found to be associated with different concentrations of IgG antibodies. Overall, this study provides important insights into the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and has implications for preventive strategies and public health policies.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel M. Altmann, Catherine J. Reynolds, George Joy, Ashley D. Otter, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Leo Swadling, Mala K. Maini, Tim Brooks, Amanda Semper, Aine Mcknight, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: This study analyzes the immune response in healthcare workers with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and compares it to those with Long Covid. The results show no significant differences in immune responses between the two groups up to 18 weeks post-infection and 1 year after vaccination, suggesting that immune response variations are unlikely to be a contributing factor to Long Covid development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Dan Liang, Guanting Zhang, Mingxing Huang, Li Wang, Wenshan Hong, An'an Li, Yufeng Liang, Tao Wang, Jiahui Lu, Mengdang Ou, Zhongqiang Ren, Huiyi Lu, Rutian Zheng, Xionghui Cai, Xingfei Pan, Jinyu Xia, Changwen Ke
Summary: The study investigated the long-term dynamics of NAbs in SARS-CoV-2 patients, revealing widespread NAbs seroconversion even after disease recovery and detectable NAbs activity for up to one year. Additionally, the Omicron variant significantly evaded the immune system defenses, with convalescent serum playing a crucial role in protecting against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Immunology
Jan-Stephan F. Sanders, Frederike J. Bemelman, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Carla C. Baan, Debbie van Baarle, Rob van Binnendijk, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, Sophie C. Frolke, Daryl Geers, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Gerco den Hartog, Marieke van der Heiden, Celine Imhof, Marcia M. L. Kho, Marion P. G. Koopmans, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, Wouter B. Mattheussens, Renate van der Molen, Djenolan van Mourik, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Nynke Rots, Priya Vart, Rory D. de Vries, Ron T. Gansevoort, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Marlies E. J. Reinders
Summary: In kidney patients, the immunogenicity, tolerability, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination vary. Kidney transplant recipients have a poor immune response, while patients with CKD G4/5 and those on dialysis have a comparable response to the control group. Dialysis patients and transplant recipients experience fewer adverse events after vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Jan Stephan F. Sanders, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Rory D. de Vries, Carla C. Baan, Debbie van Baarle, Rob van Binnendijk, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Gerco den Hartog, Marcia M. L. Kho, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Renate G. van der Molen, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Nynke Rots, Ron T. Gansevoort, Frederike J. Bemelman, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Marlies E. J. Reinders
Summary: The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease. The antibody levels and T-cell responses significantly decrease after 6 months of vaccination, and neutralization of the Omicron variant is barely detectable.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Brischigliaro, Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice, Mattia Sturlese, Dei M. Elurbe, Elena Frigo, Erika Fernandez-Vizarra, Stefano Moro, Martijn A. Huynen, Susanne Arnold, Carlo Viscomi, Massimo Zeviani
Summary: The composition of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is functionally conserved between vertebrate and invertebrate species, despite potential differences in individual structures.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marcia M. L. Kho, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Sophie C. Froelke, Celine Imhof, Vera J. C. H. Koomen, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, Priya Vart, Daryl Geers, Rory D. de Vries, Corine H. Geurtsvan Kessel, Carla C. Baan, Renate G. van der Molen, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Debbie van Baarle, Rob van Binnendijk, Gerco den Hartog, Aiko P. J. de Vries, Ron T. Gansevoort, Frederike J. Bemelman, Marlies E. J. Reinders, Jan-Stephan F. Sanders, Luuk B. Hilbrands
Summary: This study aimed to compare three alternative strategies for improving the COVID-19 vaccine response in kidney transplant recipients: double vaccine dose, heterologous vaccination, and temporary discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. The results showed that repeated vaccination increased SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in kidney transplant recipients, but higher dose, heterologous vaccine, or discontinuation of immunosuppressants did not further enhance the response.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Mariano A. Molina, Britt A. Coenen, William P. J. Leenders, Karolina M. Andralojc, Martijn A. Huynen, Willem J. G. Melchers
Summary: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of female cancers globally, primarily caused by persistent infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses. The composition of the cervicovaginal microenvironment plays a role in hrHPV infections, disease progression, and regression.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mariano A. Molina, Karolina M. Andralojc, Martijn A. Huynen, William P. J. Leenders, Willem J. G. Melchers
Summary: This study utilized ciRNAseq technology to analyze a large cohort of cervical smears and identified subgroups of CSTs, showing the associations between different subgroups and specific bacterial abundances as well as certain diseases. These findings are of significance for understanding women's cervical health and hrHPV-related disease progression.
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evi van Schuppen, Janeri Froberg, Prashanna Balaji Venkatasubramanian, Pauline Versteegen, Hans de Graaf, Jana Holubova, Joshua Gillard, Pieter G. M. van Gageldonk, Irma Joosten, Ronald de Groot, Peter Sebo, Guy A. M. Berbers, Robert C. Read, Martijn A. Huynen, Marien de Jonge, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos
Summary: This study investigates how prior exposure to Bordetella pertussis shapes the mucosal antibody response to booster vaccination using a mutant strain lacking antigens of the acellular pertussis vaccine.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos, Albert L. Groenendijk, Marc J. T. Blaauw, Louise E. van Eekeren, Adriana Navas, Maartje C. P. Cleophas, Nadira Vadaq, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Jessica C. dos Santos, Elise M. G. Meeder, Janeri Froberg, Gert Weijers, Yue Zhang, Jingyuan Fu, Rob ter Horst, Christoph Bock, Rainer Knoll, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Joachim Schultze, Linos Vanderkerckhove, Talent Hwandih, Elizabeth R. Wonderlich, Sai V. Vemula, Mike van der Kolk, Sterre C. P. de Vet, Willem L. Blok, Kees Brinkman, Casper Rokx, Arnt F. A. Schellekens, Quirijn de Mast, Leo A. B. Joosten, Marvin A. H. Berrevoets, Janneke E. Stalenhoef, Annelies Verbon, Jan van Lunzen, Mihai G. Netea, Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
Summary: This study applies a multi-omics approach to analyze a large cohort of people living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim is to understand the dysregulations in the immune system, identify new biomarkers, and discover potential therapeutic targets. Results show that HIV-infected individuals still experience immune activation, immune aging, and increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities. The study also assesses the latent viral reservoir and records COVID-19 infection and vaccination history.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Veronique Corbiere, Eleonora E. Lambert, Marine Rodesch, Jacqueline A. M. van Gaans-van den Brink, Alicja Misiak, Elles Simonetti, Anne Van Praet, Audrey Godefroid, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, Cecile A. C. M. van Els, Francoise Mascart
Summary: This study developed a two-step assay for evaluating the immunogenicity of pertussis vaccines. It involved stimulating fresh whole blood with pertussis antigens, cryopreserving the stimulated cells, and later analyzing cytokine production using flow cytometry. The assay demonstrated high reproducibility and sensitivity, allowing for the accurate quantification of pertussis antigen-specific Th1, Th2, and Th17-type CD4(+) T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chantal D. Tan, Bryan S. van den Broek, Rebecca Womersley, Myrsini N. Kaforou, Nienke Hagedoorn, Michiel van der Flier, Heather A. Jackson, Henriette Moll, Rozemarijn I. Snijder, Marien L. de Jonge, Clementien Vermont
Summary: This study aims to distinguish bacterial and viral infections in febrile children attending the emergency department by identifying a combination of blood protein biomarkers. The best 3-protein signature, including TRAIL, LCN2, and IL-6, shows promising performance in classifying bacterial and viral infections in emergency care.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Denis R. Katundu, Desderius Chussi, Christa E. van der Gaast-de Jongh, Maroeska M. Rovers, Marien I. de Jonge, Gerjon Hannink, Niels van Heerbeek
Summary: Despite the lack of effectiveness, prophylactic antibiotics are still frequently used in children after tonsillectomy. This study investigated the effect of prophylactic amoxicillin and found no significant difference compared to placebo in terms of tonsillitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Janeri Froberg, Vera J. C. H. Koomen, Christa E. van der Gaast-de Jongh, Ria Philipsen, Corine H. Geurtsvankessel, Rory D. de Vries, Marije C. Baas, Renate G. van der Molen, Marien de Jonge, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Martijn A. Huynen, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, RECOVAC Consortium
Summary: This study found that mucosal IgA concentrations were significantly higher postinfection compared to postvaccination, while vaccination induced higher IgG concentrations. However, the ACE2-inhibiting activity did not differ between the two cohorts. Binding inhibition post-infection was driven by both IgA and IgG, while post-vaccination binding inhibition was mainly driven by IgG.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monique van Scherpenzeel, Federica Conte, Christian Bull, Angel Ashikov, Esther Hermans, Anke Willems, Walinka van Tol, Else Kragt, Marek Noga, Ed E. Moret, Torben Heise, Jeroen D. Langereis, Emiel Rossing, Michael Zimmermann, M. Estela Rubio-Gozalbo, Marien de Jonge, Gosse J. Adema, Nicola Zamboni, Thomas Boltje, Dirk J. Lefeber
Summary: This study used ion-pair ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to analyze sugar metabolites in cells and organisms and identified low abundant nucleotide sugars. Time-course analysis of the effect of an antitumor compound revealed full depletion of specific sugar metabolites within 24 hours.