Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanlin He, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Krisitine M. Conde, Pingwen Xu, Yongxiang Li, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Julia Wang, Rong Zheng, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Lora Heisler, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Canjun Zhu, Gang Shu, Yong Xu
Summary: The translation discusses how obesity is primarily caused by consuming excessive calories beyond energetic requirements, while the underlying drivers have not been fully defined. The study found that activating specific neural pathways can regulate different types of feeding behavior, driven by either hunger or non-hunger cues.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sebastian Zagmutt, Paula Mera, Ismael Gonzalez-Garcia, Kevin Ibeas, Maria del Mar Romero, Arnaud Obri, Beatriz Martin, Anna Esteve-Codina, M. Carmen Soler-Vazquez, Marianela Bastias-Perez, Laia Canes, Elisabeth Auge, Carme Pelegri, Jordi Vilaplana, Xavier Ariza, Jordi Garcia, Jose Martinez-Gonzalez, Nuria Casals, Miguel Lopez, Richard Palmiter, Elisenda Sanz, Albert Quintana, Laura Herrero, Dolors Serra
Summary: Fatty acid metabolism and CPT1A in AgRP neurons play a key role in the maintenance of whole-body fluid and energy balance. This study reveals marked sex differences in fatty acid metabolism and CPT1A expression in AgRP neurons.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Diba Borgmann, Elisa Ciglieri, Nasim Biglari, Claus Brandt, Anna Lena Cremer, Heiko Backes, Marc Tittgemeyer, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Jens C. Bruning, Henning Fenselau
Summary: Distinct gut-innervating sensory neurons play differential roles in controlling feeding and glucoregulation, with some vagal afferents influencing meal termination and glucose tolerance through GLP1R activation, while others mainly regulate hepatic glucose production and normoglycemia through GPR65 expression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Justin N. Siemian, Miguel A. Arenivar, Sarah Sarsfield, Yeka Aponte
Summary: The study reveals the distinct roles of different hypothalamic neuronal populations in regulating internal hunger states and food intake behavior. The manipulation of specific neuronal circuits can evoke varied effects on feeding behaviors, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for eating disorders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer D. Deem, David Tingley, Christina A. Watts, Kayoko Ogimoto, Caeley L. Bryan, Bao Anh N. Phan, Vincent Damian, Michael R. Bruchas, Jarrad M. Scarlett, Michael W. Schwartz, Gregory J. Morton
Summary: The study found that HFD feeding leads to weight loss in mice due to suppressed increase in body fat stores; although cold-induced AgRP neurons activation can still be detected, the number of cold-responsive neurons appears to be reduced in HFD-fed mice.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Yong-mei Zhang, Ying-bei Qi, Ya-nan Gao, Wen-gang Chen, Ting Zhou, Yi Zang, Jia Li
Summary: Astrocytes, comprising a large portion of cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. Dysfunction in astrocyte metabolism has been identified as a major cause of neurological disorders including depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. The metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids in astrocytes has been implicated in the development of neurological diseases. This review provides an overview of the metabolic processes in astrocytes, focusing on glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, and discusses their implications in neurological disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Li Zhu, Zheng Wu, Rong-Kun Li, Xin Xing, Yong-Sheng Jiang, Jun Li, Ya-Hui Wang, Li-Peng Hu, Xu Wang, Wei-Ting Qin, Yong-Wei Sun, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Qin Yang, Shu-Heng Jiang
Summary: The study comprehensively analyzed multidimensional omic data of PDAC tumors, revealing molecular events associated with aerobic glycolysis and identifying long non-coding RNAs involved in PDAC aerobic glycolysis. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that silencing of LINC01559 and UNC5B-AS1 significantly inhibited the glycolytic capacity of PDAC cells, and high expression of these two lncRNAs correlated with poor patient prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhao Yao, Chunni Wang
Summary: The paper discusses the stability of energy pumping and phase synchronization in neural circuits through coupling, as well as the impact of different coupling methods on the intrinsic field energy of neurons.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer D. Deem, Chelsea L. Faber, Gregory J. Morton
Summary: This review discusses the regulation of feeding drive and timing by AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, as well as their integration with environmental cues to ensure optimal prioritization of behaviors. It also explores how classical feedback and anticipatory feedforward signals regulate these neurons, and examines how the integration of these signals may be disrupted in states of energy excess.
Article
Cell Biology
Katarzyna Grzelka, Hannah Wilhelms, Stephan Dodt, Marie-Luise Dreisow, Joseph C. Madara, Samuel J. Walker, Chen Wu, Daqing Wang, Bradford B. Lowell, Henning Fenselau
Summary: Restricting caloric intake effectively reduces body weight, but most dieters fail long-term adherence to caloric deficit and eventually regain lost weight. This study reveals the crucial role of synaptic plasticity in hunger-promoting AgRP neurons and identifies a previously unrecognized target to combat regain of lost weight through activity-dependent amplification of synaptic activity originating from paraventricular hypothalamus thyrotropin-releasing (PVHTRH) neurons.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paul Nicholas Mirabella, Henning Fenselau
Summary: Engineered neurobiological tools, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, are essential for studying the central control of metabolism and establishing causal relationships between brain activity and biological processes. Advances in cellular-targeting strategies and tool potency have improved their utility, and insights into brain cell types have enriched their potential to mimic endogenous signaling. However, tool selection and suitability are crucial for investigating metabolic outcomes, as each tool has specific advantages and limitations.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Pau Perez Escriva, Tobias Fuhrer, Uwe Sauer
Summary: This article maps out the cross-feeding network among 10 members of a synthetic consortium that is increasingly used as the model mouse gut microbiota. Combining metabolomics with in vitro cultivations, two dense networks of carbon and nitrogen exchange are described. The vast majority of the similar to 100 interactions are synergistic in nature, in several cases providing distinct physiological benefits to the recipient species. These networks lay the groundwork toward understanding gut community dynamics and host-gut microbe interactions.
Article
Neurosciences
Isabel de Araujo Salgado, Chia Li, C. Joseph Burnett, Shakira Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jordan J. Becker, Allison Horvath, Thomas Earnest, Alexxai V. Kravitz, Michael J. Krashes
Summary: This study explores the flexible survival decisions of animals facing predation threats during food seeking. The presence of predators rapidly induces physiological, neuronal, and behavioral adaptations in mice. When the threat level increases, food seeking and consumption in mice are restricted, and conflict can be reduced by changing internal states or external environments, leading to a shift in feeding strategies.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ping Zhou, Jun Ma, Ying Xu
Summary: In this paper, the use of a voltage-controlled resistor to connect two neural circuits and the activation of a hybrid synapse to control synchronization stability and mode transition in neurons under phase lock are investigated. It is demonstrated that realistic stimuli consisting of mixed signals within a specific frequency band can induce multiple firing modes in neurons. The effectiveness of a hybrid synapse in preventing bursting synchronization between neurons driven by filtered chaotic signals is confirmed. The results suggest that activation of this hybrid synapse can help prevent seizure occurrence in the nervous system.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guolian Ding, Xin Li, Xinguo Hou, Wenjun Zhou, Yingyun Gong, Fuqiang Liu, Yanlin He, Jia Song, Jing Wang, Paul Basil, Wenbo Li, Sichong Qian, Pradip Saha, Jinbang Wang, Chen Cui, Tingting Yang, Kexin Zou, Younghun Han, Christopher Amos, Yong Xu, Li Chen, Zheng Sun
Summary: The nuclear receptors REV-ERB-alpha and REV-ERB-beta in GABAergic neurons control the diurnal rhythm of insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production, peaking at waking. This mechanism is crucial for understanding the extended dawn phenomenon in type 2 diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guodong Zhou, Weiwu Jiang, Guobin Xia, Lihua Wang, Molly Richardson, Chun Chu, Bhagavatula Moorthy
Summary: This study found that the intake of antioxidants omega-3 fatty acids could significantly reduce the formation of DNA adducts in mouse lung tissue induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further analysis revealed that this mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 and regulating the expression of DNA repair genes.
Article
Neurosciences
Guobin Xia, Philip Henry, Muzi Li, Francisco Queiroz, Stephen Westland, Luwen Yu
Summary: This research explores the influence of colour on cognitive performance and intellectual abilities in both conventional laboratory and virtual reality settings. The experiments demonstrate that immersive colour experience can positively impact user engagement and cognitive performance in VR. The study also reveals the differential effects of colours on logical and lateral thinking abilities and attention to detail between physical and VR environments.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yufeng Chen, Xiaojing Gao, Shucheng Liu, Qiuxing Cai, Lijun Wu, Yi Sun, Guobin Xia, Yueqi Wang
Summary: In this study, glycosylated lactoferrin was successfully used to establish stable zein/glycosylated lactoferrin nanoparticles for encapsulating 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. The encapsulated 7,8-dihydroxyflavone exhibited an amorphous state inside the nanoparticles and showed good water redispersibility and bioaccessibility. This research provides a theoretical reference for the application of zein-based delivery systems.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Onur Iyilikci, Marcelo R. Zimmer, Marcelo O. Dietrich
Summary: This review discusses the role of neurons regulating energy metabolism in the relationship between infants and mothers during the perinatal period. Specifically, Agrp neurons in the hypothalamus are highlighted for their significant role in energy regulation. The differences in the function of Agrp neurons between neonates and adults are emphasized, with the former motivating offspring to seek proximity to the caregiver and the latter motivating animals to eat.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Bing Feng, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Zili Yan, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Yanlin He, Yong Xu
Summary: The authors demonstrate that the effects of dopamine (DA) on serotonin (5-HT) neurons in a bidirectional manner regulate feeding behavior in mice. Activation of 5-HT neurons by DRD1 contributes to anorexia, which can be prevented by blocking DRD1. These findings provide insights into the interaction between DA and 5-HT neurons in the regulation of feeding behavior, which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN).
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Onur Iyilikci, Marcelo O. Dietrich
Summary: This research demonstrates that nest building in pregnant females relies on the activity of peptidergic neurons in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernardo Stutz, Michael J. Waterson, Matija Sestan-Pesa, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Mario Skarica, Nenad Sestan, Bence Racz, Aletta Magyar, Peter Sotonyi, Zhong-Wu Liu, Xiao-Bing Gao, Ferenc Matyas, Milan Stoiljkovic, Tamas L. Horvath
Summary: This study reveals the important role of hypothalamic AgRP neurons in the control of neuronal pathways that regulate higher-order brain functions during development and adulthood. Impairment or inhibition of AgRP neurons leads to changes in the medial prefrontal cortex, affecting network activity, sensorimotor gating, and ambulatory behavior. These effects are transduced via dopaminergic neurons and may also involve medial thalamic neurons.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Luwen Yu, Chen Yun, Guobin Xia, Stephen Westland, Zhenhong Li, Vien Cheung
Summary: Exploring efficient research methods for understanding color preference is crucial for researchers and designers. This study compared four experimental methods (N-alternative forced choice, rank-order, rating, and paired comparison) for individual color preference research. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted with 338 participants, who were presented with six randomly arranged color patches (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple). The findings indicated that orange was the most preferred color, while green was the least preferred, using three individual color preference experimental methods with six hues. The Monte Carlo Analysis method further suggested that rating, paired comparison, and rank-order methods were more stable than the N-alternative forced choice method, particularly for studies involving a small number of participants (even less than 6).
COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sudipa Maity, Meredith G. Mayer, Qingbo Shu, Hellmers Linh, Duran Bao, Robert Blair, Yanlin He, Christopher J. Lyon, Tony Y. Hu, Tracy Fischer, Jia Fan
Summary: Neurologic manifestations are common complications of COVID-19, but little is known about the neuropathogenesis of the disease. To understand its impact on the brain, researchers used mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to study cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins from Rhesus Macaque and African Green Monkeys. The results showed significant differences between infected and uninfected monkeys, suggesting altered secretion of CNS factors in response to SARS-CoV-2-induced neuropathology. Dysregulated CSF proteins were found to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders, hemostasis, and innate immune responses, indicating their potential role in neuroinflammatory responses following COVID-19.
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Yong Han, Yang He, Lauren Harris, Yong Xu, Qi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of GABAergic neural circuit in regulating food intake and energy balance through the leptin-responsive neural circuit, providing a new avenue for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bing Feng, Hesong Liu, Ila Mishra, Clemens Duerrschmid, Peiyu Gao, Pingwen Xu, Chunmei Wang, Yanlin He
Summary: Asprosin, a recently discovered adipokine, activates AgRP neurons in the ARH through binding to Ptprd, and the SK channel plays a crucial role in mediating this effect. Deficiency or elevation of circulating asprosin affects the SK current in AgRPARH neurons, and deletion of SK3 blocks asprosin-induced activation of AgRPARH neurons and overeating.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra L. Grimm, Rachel E. Stading, Matthew J. Robertson, Tanmay Gandhi, Chenlian Fu, Weiwu Jiang, Guobin Xia, Krithika Lingappan, Cristian Coarfa, Bhagavatula Moorthy
Summary: Oxygen supplementation is crucial for premature infants and COVID-19 patients, but it can also cause long-term pulmonary injury due to inflammation, with xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP enzymes playing a crucial role.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yi Zhou, Wei Zhou, Guobin Xia
Summary: This study explores the technical methods for applying Aluminum (Al) coatings to paper substrates, creating a novel material for product development and producing high-quality Al-plated corrugated cardboard. The research not only introduces a new range of Al-plated corrugated cardboard products but also expands the potential applications of paper-based aluminized film in material-based product design.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yufeng Chen, Guobin Xia, Chunfeng Wang, Huawei Wu, Xiaogang Xu, Genxiang Mao, Jiong Wu, Zhenlei Zhao
Summary: 7,8-DHF is a biologically active flavone with various physiological activities. Previous studies have found that the efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) significantly affects the oral bioavailability of 7,8-DHF. In this study, 14 dietary plant flavonoids were investigated as potential P-gp inhibitors using a Caco-2 cell model, and their effects on the transepithelial transport and in vitro digestion of 7,8-DHF were explored. The results showed that certain flavonoids, especially kaempferol and quercetin, improved the transepithelial transport of 7,8-DHF, thereby enhancing its oral bioavailability.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Guobin Xia, Phil Henry, Yun Chen, Francisco Queiroz, Stephen Westland, Qian Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of colour attributes on cognitive performance and intellectual abilities in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environments. The findings reveal the differential impacts of colour attributes on people's cognitive performance and intellectual abilities in immersive VR environments. The effective use of colour design in the immersive digital context can positively trigger people's cognitive performance and intellectual abilities at an unconscious level.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)