期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING, VOL 12, 2021
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 287-308出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-085918
关键词
artificial cell; synthetic cell; bottom-up synthetic biology; biotechnology
资金
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) of Germany
- Max Planck Society
Synthetic biology aims to replicate the functions of living cells through a bottom-up approach, striving to create more complex multicellular systems. Research focuses on cell self-reproduction, energy utilization for cellular processes, and assembly of metabolic pathways.
The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology aims to create molecular ensembles that reproduce the organization and functions of living organisms and strives to integrate them in a modular and hierarchical fashion toward the basic unit of life-the cell-and beyond. This young field stands on the shoulders of fundamental research in molecular biology and biochemistry, next to synthetic chemistry, and, augmented by an engineering framework, has seen tremendous progress in recent years thanks to multiple technological and scientific advancements. In this timely review of the research over the past decade, we focus on three essential features of living cells: the ability to self-reproduce via recursive cycles of growth and division, the harnessing of energy to drive cellular processes, and the assembly of metabolic pathways. In addition, we cover the increasing efforts to establish multicellular systems via different communication strategies and critically evaluate the potential applications.
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