Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Haneishi, Yuma Furuya, Mayu Hasegawa, Antonio Picarelli, Mauro Rossi, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rapidly increasing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Recent research suggests that factors such as genetics, environment, microbiota, and immune responses are involved in its development, but the underlying causes are unclear. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in specific genera, has been identified as a possible trigger for IBD. Improving gut microbiota and identifying specific bacterial species are crucial for understanding and treating IBD and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Boicean, Victoria Birlutiu, Cristian Ichim, Paula Anderco, Sabrina Birsan
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex diseases characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown increasing effectiveness and safety in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and CDI. By modifying the gut microbiota, FMT offers an alternative approach to indirectly influence the host's immune system in a safe way, improving clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings in IBD patients. Further validation is needed to establish a clinical protocol for FMT in IBD.
Article
Immunology
Salma Fourati, Anne Dumay, Maryline Roy, Alexandra Willemetz, Lara Ribeiro-Parenti, Aurelie Mauras, Camille Mayeur, Muriel Thomas, Nathalie Kapel, Francisca Joly, Maude Le Gall, Andre Bado, Johanne Le Beyec
Summary: Extensive intestinal resection leads to Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS), which is the main cause of chronic intestinal failure. Colon preservation is important for spontaneous adaptation, improving absorption and reducing dependence on parenteral nutrition. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a promising approach for pathologies with dysbiosis like SBS, was evaluated in SBS rats with jejuno-colonic anastomosis. The study found that FMT altered microbiota composition and diversity in healthy rats, but not in SBS rats, suggesting the need for optimization and adaptation of microbiota transfer to the specific SBS environment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aki Ronkainen, Imran Khan, Eva Krzyzewska-Dudek, Kaisa Hiippala, Tobias L. Freitag, Reetta Satokari
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is commonly used to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) and is being investigated for the treatment of other gut microbiota-related conditions. This study found that selected Bifidobacterium strains from FMT donors, such as DX_pv23, have the potential to colonize the recipient's gut and restore antibiotic-disturbed microbiota. The study also revealed that DX_pv23 expressed genes related to adherence and pilus formation, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects.
Review
Physiology
Salma Sultan, Mohammed El-Mowafy, Abdelaziz Elgaml, Tamer A. E. Ahmed, Hebatoallah Hassan, Walid Mottawea
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic medical disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation, with the main etiology being the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host immune system. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota may contribute to inflammation by affecting the immune system or metabolic pathways, while host metabolic defectiveness also adds to the risk of disease progression. Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome may hold promise for the management of IBD.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jongwook Yu, Jae Hee Cheon
Summary: Gut dysbiosis is a prominent feature in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with unknown causes. Research has focused on managing IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis, using methods such as antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. However, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on the treatment options are limited.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sona Ciernikova, Aneta Sevcikova, Lubos Drgona, Michal Mego
Summary: Treatment resistance and adverse effects are important issues in cancer patient management. The use of microbiome in oncology is showing promising results. Favorable bacterial species and gut diversity are associated with increased treatment efficacy, while alterations in gut microbiome contribute to intestinal dysbiosis and treatment-induced toxicity.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiran Lou, Jinfang Xue, Ruifei Shao, Yan Yang, Deyuan Ning, Chunyan Mo, Fuping Wang, Guobing Chen
Summary: This study found significant differences in gut microbiota between sepsis patients and healthy individuals. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were found to regulate the abundance of bacteria and improve survival rate and systemic inflammatory response in a mouse model of sepsis. These findings suggest that FMT and SCFAs may be a potential treatment for sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Tarek Mazzawi
Summary: Research suggests that manipulating gut microbiota can improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with dietary management and other approaches showing promise in changing gut composition and alleviating IBS symptoms. However, more research is needed to identify the exact mixture of beneficial bacteria.
Article
Microbiology
Weiping Xiao, Jiabin Su, Xinjie Gao, Heng Yang, Ruiyuan Weng, Wei Ni, Yuxiang Gu
Summary: This study demonstrates that modulating the gut microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. FMT increases the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promotes gut function, and improves cognitive performance. Long-term SCFA supplementation also reduces inflammation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
Article
Immunology
Bhupinder Kapoor, Monica Gulati, Reena Gupta, Rajeev K. Singla
Summary: Dysregulated immune system, in which self-antigens are not recognized properly, is a common pathogenesis in autoimmune diseases. Environmental factors, such as disturbed gut microbiota, have been found to play a crucial role. Recent studies have shown that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with the development of myasthenia gravis (MG), a rare autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. The modulation of gut microbiota through interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a promising approach for the management of MG.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Zhilin Zhang, Huan Zhang, Tian Chen, Lin Shi, Daorong Wang, Dong Tang
Summary: This article discusses the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which leads to persistent immune response and inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from fiber-rich diet produced by probiotic gut bacteria have shown anti-inflammatory effects and can delay the progression of IBD. The modulation of innate immune recognition and cytokine production by SCFAs may intervene in the progression of IBD. More studies are needed to investigate the clinical impact of SCFA.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Adrian Boicean, Dan Bratu, Sorin Radu Fleaca, Gligor Vasile, Leeb Shelly, Sabrina Birsan, Ciprian Bacila, Adrian Hasegan
Summary: This review explores the potential benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an adjunct treatment in tuberculosis (TB), drawing parallels from its efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FMT has shown promise in restoring the gut microbial balance and modulating immune responses in IBD patients. Considering the similarities in immunomodulation and dysbiosis between IBD and TB, this review hypothesizes that FMT may offer therapeutic benefits as an adjunct therapy in TB.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrea Asensio-Grau, Joaquim Calvo-Lerma, Miguel Ferriz-Jordan, Jorge Garcia-Hernandez, Ana Heredia, Ana Andres
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the effect of three probiotic strains on Cystic Fibrosis-related gut dysbiosis (CFRGD) by simulating colonic fermentation in vitro. The results showed that L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum significantly reduced Prevotella and increased Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium, while decreasing Acidaminococcus. Additionally, the three strains led to a significant decrease in branched-chain fatty acids. Overall, these probiotics demonstrated beneficial effects on the colonic microbiota in CFRGD, increasing beneficial bacteria and metabolites while reducing pathogenic bacteria and branched-chain fatty acids.
Review
Immunology
Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Yohei Mikami, Takanori Kanai
Summary: The number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is rapidly increasing in developed countries due to environmental changes causing dysbiosis. Bacteriotherapy, which corrects disturbed intestinal microbiota, is a promising treatment for this condition. Fecal microbiome transplantation in 2013 was a significant contribution to bacteriotherapy.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2021)