Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunhye Lee, Michael L. Goodson, Wendie Vang, Jennifer Rutkowsky, Karen Kalanetra, Mrittika Bhattacharya, Daniela Barile, Helen E. Raybould
Summary: The study found that supplementation with 2'-FL improved metabolic profiles, gut barrier integrity, and signaling in the vagal afferent pathway, but had no significant effect on cognitive function.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Helen E. Raybould, Danielle L. Zumpano
Summary: The gut microbiota influences energy balance through effects on energy intake and expenditure, and may be a target for obesity therapies. Microbes communicate using small molecules, some of which may act as ligands at mammalian receptors, potentially affecting communication with the host.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shih-Ya Tseng, Hsien-Yuan Chang, Yi-Heng Li, Ting-Hsing Chao
Summary: This study found that Cilostazol has a beneficial effect on endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia, and enhances angiogenesis in diabetic mice through the adiponectin/adiponectin receptors and SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hui Li, Georgia S. Clarke, Stewart Christie, Sharon R. Ladyman, Stephen J. Kentish, Richard L. Young, Kathryn L. Gatford, Amanda J. Page
Summary: This study shows that gastric vagal afferent signaling is attenuated during pregnancy and is inversely associated with meal size. Growth hormone reduces the mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents, suggesting that increased maternal growth hormone levels may play a role in mediating adaptations in gastric vagal afferent signaling during pregnancy. These findings have significant implications for the peripheral control of food intake during pregnancy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingwei Yu, Crystal Chang, Bradley J. Undem, Shaoyong Yu
Summary: Heartburn and non-cardiac chest pain are common symptoms in esophageal disorders. This review focuses on the role of capsaicin-sensitive vagal primary afferent nodose and jugular C-fiber neurons in processing nociceptive signals in the esophagus, and discusses the effects of various stimuli on these nerve subtypes. Understanding the mechanism of nociceptive signal processes in esophageal nerves may lead to novel treatment approaches for esophageal symptoms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kakeru Hosomoto, Tatsuya Sasaki, Takao Yasuhara, Masahiro Kameda, Susumu Sasada, Ittetsu Kin, Ken Kuwahara, Satoshi Kawauchi, Yosuke Okazaki, Satoru Yabuno, Chiaki Sugahara, Koji Kawai, Takayuki Nagase, Shun Tanimoto, Cesario V. Borlongan, Isao Date
Summary: This study investigated the effects of continuous and selective stimulation of the vagus nerve on Parkinsonian rats. The results showed that continuous stimulation had better therapeutic effects, reducing behavioral impairments and inflammatory glial cells. Furthermore, the study highlighted the crucial role of the afferent vagal pathway in mediating these therapeutic outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David M. Nathan, GRADE Study Res Grp, John M. Lachin, Ashok Balsubramanyam, Henry B. Burch, John B. Buse, Nicole M. Butera, Robert M. Cohen, Jill P. Crandall, Steven E. Kahn, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Mary E. Larkin, Neda Rasouli, Margaret Tiktin, Deborah J. Wexler, Naji Younes
Summary: In this trial, all four glucose-lowering medications added to metformin were effective in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels. Glargine and liraglutide showed modestly superior efficacy in achieving and maintaining target glycated hemoglobin levels.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Valerie Y. H. van Weperen, Marmar Vaseghi
Summary: The control of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic tone plays a crucial role in regulating cardiac function. This control relies on sensory information transmitted from the heart to the central nervous system. The vagus nerve, which contains vagal cardiac afferent fibers, carries this sensory information to the brainstem. While vagal afferent signaling has been shown to increase parasympathetic response, it appears to change after cardiac injury, with many unknowns remaining. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of cardiac vagal afferent signaling in health and cardiovascular disease, particularly after myocardial infarction, and highlight remaining knowledge gaps.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marian Kollarik, Fei Ru, Nikoleta Pavelkova, John Mulcahy, John Hunter, Bradley J. Undem
Summary: The study found that selective Na(V)1.7 blockers can effectively inhibit the C-wave of compound action potentials and parasympathetic cholinergic contractions in human isolated bronchi. In addition, Na(V)1.7 mRNA was found to be strongly expressed and transported down the vagus nerve bundles.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gregory Girardi, Danielle Zumpano, Noah Goshi, Helen Raybould, Erkin Seker
Summary: The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Vagal afferent neurons (VANs) act as sensors for gut-derived signals and are influenced by effector molecules released by the gut microbiota. This study presents a cell-based sensor, VAN culture, to monitor the influence of gastrointestinal effector molecules on neuronal behavior.
Review
Neurosciences
Hui Li, Amanda J. Page
Summary: The vagus nerve is crucial in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, and its dysfunction may contribute to functional dyspepsia. Understanding the alteration in vagal signaling and its pathophysiological roles may provide insights for new therapeutic treatments of this disorder.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ninna Hahn Tougaard, Alexandra Louise Moller, Pernille Falberg Ronn, Tine Willum Hansen, Federica Genovese, Morten Asser Karsdal, Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen, Peter Rossing
Summary: The study found that serum endotrophin is a risk marker for kidney and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes, while urine endotrophin is a marker for albuminuria progression.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ifechukwude Ebenuwa, Pierre-Christian Violet, Sebastian Padayatty, Yaohui Wang, Yu Wang, Henry Sun, Preston Adhikari, Sheila Smith, Hongbin Tu, Mahtab Niyyati, Kenneth Wilkins, Mark Levine
Summary: This study investigated the contribution, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of dysregulated vitamin C renal physiology in diabetes. The results showed a higher prevalence of vitamin C renal leak in participants with diabetes, which was associated with reduced plasma vitamin C concentrations. Glycemic control, microvascular complications, obesity, and proteinuria were predictive factors for renal leak.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Amanda J. Page
Summary: Gastrointestinal vagal afferents play a crucial role in regulating food intake by responding to short-term and long-term changes in nutritional demand. However, this plasticity is disrupted in disease states such as obesity and chronic stress.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Simmons, Jincy Immanuel, William M. Hague, Helena Teede, Christopher J. Nolan, Michael J. Peek, Jeff R. Flack, Mark McLean, Vincent Wong, Emily Hibbert, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Juergen Harreiter, Helena Backman, Emily Gianatti, Arianne Sweeting, Viswanathan Mohan, Joanne Enticott, N. Wah Cheung
Summary: The effectiveness of early treatment for gestational diabetes before 20 weeks' gestation on maternal and infant health is not clear. In this study, women at risk of hyperglycemia and diagnosed with gestational diabetes were randomly assigned to receive immediate treatment or deferred/no treatment based on the results of an oral glucose-tolerance test at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation. The results showed that immediate treatment led to a slightly lower incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes, but no significant differences were observed for pregnancy-related hypertension or neonatal lean body mass.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)