Soft computing of the recompression index of fine-grained soils

Consolidation settlement is a phenomenon happens in saturated fine-grained soils when subjected to change in effective stress. Consolidation settlement is often determined using the compressibility parameters, the compression index (Cc) and the recompression index (Cr). However, there is lack of studies on the accuracy of the empirical correlations to predict the recompression index (Cr). In addition, no study has been concerned with the development of region-specific correlations to predict the recompression index of fine-grained soils in middle and north of Iraq. Thus, this research has been conducted to fill these gaps by collecting and testing of 350 undisturbed samples, assessing the available empirical correlations and developing of novel region-specific data-driven correlations to predict the recompression index (Cr) using the evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (EPR-MOGA). The tests include the soil unit weight, specific gravity, water content, Atterberg limits and recompression index. The statistical assessment involved calculating the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean (mu) percentage of predictions within error range of +/- 30% (P30) and coefficient of correlation (R). In addition, 80% of the data has been used in the EPR-MOGA model training while 20% of data has been used to test (validate) the model accuracy. The results illustrate that all of the available correlations provide an average prediction of the recompression index with R ranges between 0.12 and 0.70, MAE ranges between 0.01 and 0.03, RAISE ranges between 0.020 and 0.030, mu ranges between 0.26 and 1.73 and % P30 ranges between 0 and 61%. However, the new EPR-MOGA correlations showed much better prediction capabilities, where the best EPR-MOGA correlation scored R, MAE, RMSE, mu and P30 of 0.90, 0.01, 0.008, 1.05 and 82%, respectively, for training data and 0.88, 0.01, 0.009, 1.02 and 86%, respectively, for testing data. The new EPR-MOGA correlations require only the saturated unit weight, water content and void ratio of the soil to accurately predict the Cr.

Automated summary

Consolidation settlement is a phenomenon that occurs in saturated fine-grained soils under changes in effective stress, typically determined using compressibility parameters. Current empirical correlations lack accuracy in predicting the recompression index, hence necessitating the development of region-specific correlations. New data-driven correlations using evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (EPR-MOGA) showed significantly improved prediction capabilities for the recompression index, requiring only saturated unit weight, water content, and void ratio of the soil.