Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Samuel J. Gavzy, Allison Kensiski, Zachariah L. Lee, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Bing Ma, Jonathan S. Bromberg
Summary: Bifidobacterium is a genus of commensal bacteria that has beneficial pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. It regulates the immune system through various mechanisms, such as upregulating regulatory T cells and maintaining intestinal barrier function. Recent studies have identified surface structural polysaccharide and protein elements, as well as metabolic products, as mediators of immune homeostasis. Understanding these mechanisms is important for understanding immune tolerance and homeostasis in health and disease.
Article
Oncology
Bradley N. Mills, Haoming Qiu, Michael G. Drage, Chunmo Chen, Jocelyn S. Mathew, Jesse Garrett-Larsen, Jian Ye, Taylor P. Uccello, Joseph D. Murphy, Brian A. Belt, Edith M. Lord, Alan W. Katz, David C. Linehan, Scott A. Gerber
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment of human PDAC following SBRT therapy. The results showed reduced tumor cell density and increased immunogenic cells after SBRT treatment.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Bulmaro Cisneros, Ian Garcia-Aguirre, Juan Unzueta, Isabel Arrieta-Cruz, Oscar Gonzalez-Morales, Juan M. Dominguez-Larrieta, Aura Tamez-Gonzalez, Gerardo Leyva-Gomez, Jonathan J. Magana
Summary: The function of the immune system declines during aging, leading to compromised response against pathogens and chronic low-grade inflammation. This review discusses the molecules and mechanisms that regulate the relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as therapeutic strategies to improve immunity in aged individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Leena B. Mithal, Mehreen Arshad, Lindsey R. Swigart, Aaruni Khanolkar, Aisha Ahmed, Bria M. Coates
Summary: Immunologic responses during sepsis vary significantly among patients and evolve over the course of illness, leading to a spectrum of immunoparalysis that can increase morbidity and mortality. Current research focuses on immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis, with future emphasis on personalized treatments involving gene expression.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayleen Fernandez-Fierro, Samanta C. Funes, Mariana Rios, Camila Covian, Jorge Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: The heme oxygenase (HO) system involves three isoforms, with HO-1 being the most studied and overexpression of this enzyme promoting anti-inflammatory products. However, overexpression of HO leading to neonatal jaundice has prompted the development of inhibitors. Various types of inhibitors have been identified, including competitive and non-competitive ones, with potential medical implications in metabolic diseases and immune-mediated diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Selective inhibition of HO isoforms may contribute to the treatment of these ailments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Maksim V. Baranov, Manoj Kumar, Stefano Sacanna, Shashi Thutupalli, Geert van den Bogaart
Summary: The size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness of pathogens are important parameters affecting cellular uptake and immune responses, particularly in inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles influence immune responses can assist in the design of more effective vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Cody James Hastings, Grace Elizabeth Himmler, Arpeet Patel, Claudia Nogueira Hora Marques
Summary: Bacterial persister cells, a metabolically dormant subpopulation tolerant to antimicrobials, play a role in chronic infections and evade host immunity. This study focused on the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells to withstand host innate immunity. The research found that persister cells resist complement-mediated killing and are engulfed at a lower rate. Once engulfed, the cells induce a different macrophage polarization pattern compared to regular vegetative cells. These findings provide further understanding of how persister cells contribute to chronic infections and evade the host immune response.
Review
Oncology
Paulina Czajka-Francuz, Maria J. Prendes, Arun Mankan, Angela Quintana, Sarabjot Pabla, Shakti Ramkissoon, Taylor J. Jensen, Sandra Peiro, Eric A. Severson, Bhagelu R. Achyut, Laura Vidal, Martine Poelman, Kamal S. Saini
Summary: The efficacy of cancer therapies is limited by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Various immune escape mechanisms have been identified, and they involve tumor, immune, stromal cells, as well as humoral, metabolic, genetic and epigenetic factors within the microenvironment. Strategies such as small molecules, nanomedicines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell and epigenetic therapies have been developed to reprogram the microenvironment and enhance the antitumor immune response, leading to breakthroughs in cancer therapies.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Elena G. Kupriyanova, Tatyana Kaltman, Alexey A. Kuznetsov
Summary: This study investigates the modulation of microwave emission intensity from a flaring loop by a standing linear sausage fast magnetoacoustic wave. The results show that the microwave response to the linear sausage wave is highly non-linear, and the degree of nonlinearity depends on the combination of the source width and viewing angle, as well as the optically thick and thin parts of the microwave spectrum.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marthe T. van Daal, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Saskia Braber
Summary: The increase in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is largely attributed to lifestyle factors, particularly dietary habits. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber are linked to the rise in NCDs, while a low intake of saturated fats and a high intake of dietary fiber have a protective effect. Nutritional components can activate specific receptors which modulate the immune system, potentially offering insights for preventing and treating NCDs.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Israr Ahmad, Tahseen H. Nasti, Heba M. Rihan, Hugo Jimenez, Craig A. Elmets, Nabiha Yusuf
Summary: Experimental findings suggest a crucial role of TLR4 in UVB-induced skin cancer development, with TLR4-deficient mice showing lower tumor incidence and shorter tumor latency compared to TLR4-proficient mice. The inflammatory response and immune cell levels were higher in TLR4-proficient mice than in TLR4-deficient mice.
MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nannan Su, Wenxuan Zhen, Heng Zhang, Lingyi Xu, Yitian Jin, Xiaoying Chen, Cheng Zhao, Qinrui Wang, Xinyan Wang, Shaowei Li, Han Wen, Wei Yang, Jiangtao Guo, Fan Yang
Summary: This study reports the presence of an endogenous cholesterol molecule inside the TRPV2 receptor, which antagonizes ligand activation and is removed by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Additionally, the study shows that estradiol can enhance TRPV2 activation. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding the regulation of TRPV2.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alba De Juan, Elodie Segura
Summary: Nutrition can modulate the immune system through metabolites, particularly acting as agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Indoles and tryptophan catabolites from diet and commensal bacteria play a role in immune cell function and inflammatory disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Shupeng Dong, Maggie Z. X. Xiao, Qiming Liang
Summary: This review summarizes the functions of 10 proteins encoded by ZIKV and their roles in virus replication and pathogenesis based on studies published in the past 6 years.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Monrat Chulanetra, Wanpen Chaicumpa
Summary: Parasites employ various strategies to counteract host immune defenses, which can be beneficial for the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines against parasitic infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
