Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yonatan Woodbridge, Sharon Amit, Amit Huppert, Naama M. Kopelman
Summary: This study demonstrates that recent vaccination reduces Omicron viral load, but its effect wanes rapidly. In contrast, recovered COVID-19 individuals show a significantly slower waning rate. Therefore, a reassessment of future booster campaigns is needed.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William R. Martin, Feixiong Cheng
Summary: This study presents a computational platform for designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate for COVID-19 named COVCCF, which induces strong immune responses and has ideal pharmacokinetic properties. The vaccine candidate shows promise for effective prevention of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Antonella Scaglione, Silvana Opp, Alicia Hurtado, Ziyan Lin, Christine Pampeno, Maria G. Noval, Sara A. Thannickal, Kenneth A. Stapleford, Daniel Meruelo
Summary: This study introduces a novel and highly effective vaccine approach that provides long-term protective immunity by activating T cells. The vaccine shows strong immune protection against coronavirus infection in transgenic mice. The results suggest that this vaccine may be effective against challenging variants and could serve as a platform for developing a broader spectrum pancoronavirus vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Can Liu, Jiawei Zhang, Yongbin Zeng, Chun Huang, Falin Chen, Yingping Cao, Siying Wu, Donghong Wei, Zhong Lin, Yali Zhang, Ling Zhang, Jing Teng, Zishun Li, Guolin Hong, Tianci Yang, Huiming Ye, Haijian Tu, Yupeng Xiao, Lishan Huang, Caorui Lin, Tianbin Chen, Yanqin Deng, Qishui Ou, Jinming Li
Summary: This study investigated breakthrough infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in highly vaccinated populations and assessed the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines. The results showed that two doses of the vaccine were more effective than one dose, and the effectiveness was higher within 6 months of vaccination. Among those who received two doses of the vaccine or were vaccinated within 2 months, higher levels of neutralizing antibodies were observed. The vaccinated populations had lower transmission rates.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Asif Rasheed, Sohail Raza, Ali Zohaib, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz, Amina Amin, Muhammad Awais, Sami Ullah Khan, M. Ijaz Khan, Yu-Ming Chu
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 in Wuhan has led to a global pandemic. Developing therapeutic agents and vaccines to combat this virus is crucial. This study utilizes bioinformatics to predict B and T cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, potentially leading to a candidate vaccine after further confirmation through immunological assays.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Angela R. Branche, Nadine G. Rouphael, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R. Baden, Evan J. Anderson, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, David J. Diemert, Patricia L. Winokur, Rachel M. Presti, Angelica C. Kottkamp, Ann R. Falsey, Sharon E. Frey, Richard Rupp, Martin Baecker, Richard M. Novak, Emmanuel B. Walter, Lisa A. Jackson, Susan J. Little, Lilly C. Immergluck, Siham M. Mahgoub, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Tara M. Babu, Paul A. Goepfert, Dahlene N. Fusco, Robert L. Atmar, Christine M. Posavad, Antonia Netzl, Derek J. Smith, Kalyani Telu, Jinjian Mu, Mat Makowski, Mamodikoe K. Makhene, Sonja Crandon, David C. Montefiori, Paul C. Roberts, John H. Beigel
Summary: In a randomized clinical trial, early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wild-type spike were compared. Both bivalent vaccines showed the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Shabir A. Madhi, Lily Y. Weckx, Pedro M. Folegatti, Parvinder K. Aley, Brian Angus, Vicky L. Baillie, Shaun L. Barnabas, Qasim E. Bhorat, Sagida Bibi, Carmen Briner, Paola Cicconi, Andrea M. Collins, Rachel Colin-Jones, Clare L. Cutland, Thomas C. Darton, Keertan Dheda, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Katherine R. W. Emary, Katie J. Ewer, Lee Fairlie, Saul N. Faust, Shuo Feng, Daniela M. Ferreira, Adam Finn, Anna L. Goodman, Catherine M. Green, Christopher A. Green, Paul T. Heath, Catherine Hill, Helen Hill, Ian Hirsch, Susanne H. C. Hodgson, Alane Izu, Susan Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Carina C. D. Joe, Simon Kerridge, Anthonet Koen, Gaurav Kwatra, Rajeka Lazarus, Alison M. Lawrie, Alice Lelliott, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J. Lillie, Raburn Mallory, Ana V. A. Mendes, Eveline P. Milan, Angela M. Minassian, Alastair McGregor, Hazel Morrison, Yama F. Mujadidi, Anusha Nana, Peter J. O'Reilly, Sherman D. Padayachee, Ana Pittella, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Alexandre V. Schwarzbold, Nisha Singh, Andrew Smith, Rinn Song, Matthew D. Snape, Eduardo Sprinz, Rebecca K. Sutherland, Richard Tarrant, Emma C. Thomson, M. Estee Torok, Mark Toshner, David P. J. Turner, Johan Vekemans, Tonya L. Villafana, Marion E. E. Watson, Christopher J. Williams, Alexander D. Douglas, Adrian V. S. Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C. Gilbert, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.
Review
Immunology
Seyede Atefe Hosseini, Fatemeh Zahedipour, Hamed Mirzaei, Reza Kazemi Oskuee
Summary: Since September 2020, there have been over 28 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with many countries now facing a second wave of the outbreak. The urgent need for a potent vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is evident, and institutions and companies in many countries are actively working on vaccine research programs and progress. Challenges in vaccine development include limited knowledge about the virus, inducing immune responses, animal models, and ensuring safety and efficacy criteria are met.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chang-Sheng Xia, Minghua Zhan, Yudong Liu, Zhi-Hong Yue, Ying Song, Feifei Zhang, Hui Wang
Summary: This study assessed the levels of protective antibodies in SARS survivors with and without the COVID-19 vaccine, and found that SARS survivors have protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 even without vaccination, and generate a stronger antibody response after vaccination compared to controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Sicong Yu, Keda Che, Lei Fang, Haiyan Mao, Xiuyu Lou, Chaonan Li, Yanjun Zhang
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV pose a great threat to humanity, and the development of vaccines is crucial in combating these coronaviruses. Different types of vaccines are being researched and developed, with studies on neutralizing antibodies helping to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Huang Liang, Peiyan Zheng, Qian Wang, Yijun Deng, Dan Liang, Haisu Yi, Yuanyi Cheng, Xinwei Zhao, Jing Ma, Yidong Yang, Peiyu Hu, Pingqian Zheng, Yudi Zhang, Shuangshuang Huang, Xiancheng Lin, Changwen Ke, Xuefeng Niu, Baoqing Sun, Ling Chen
Summary: In vaccinees who were previously infected with SARS-CoV, receiving a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine resulted in stronger antibody responses against both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. After the second vaccination, individuals with prior SARS-CoV infection showed significantly higher levels of antibodies against specific variants of SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were greater in individuals with prior SARS-CoV infection compared to those without.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frederic Vanhoutte, Wen Liu, Richard T. Wiedmann, Liesbeth Haspeslagh, Xin Cao, Keith Boundy, Antonios Aliprantis, Michelle Davila, Jonathan Hartzel, Jianing Li, Mac McGuire, Katrin Ramsauer, Yvonne Tomberger, Roland Tschismarov, Deborah D. Brown, Weifeng Xu, Jeffrey R. Sachs, Kevin Russell, S. Aubrey Stoch, Eseng Lai
Summary: This study reports on the safety and immunogenicity of the V591 vaccine candidate. The results show that the vaccine has good tolerability in both younger and older adults, but its immunogenicity is insufficient to warrant further development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenji Maeda, Masayuki Amano, Yukari Uemura, Kiyoto Tsuchiya, Tomoko Matsushima, Kenta Noda, Yosuke Shimizu, Asuka Fujiwara, Yuki Takamatsu, Yasuko Ichikawa, Hidehiro Nishimura, Mari Kinoshita, Shota Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Kazuhisa Yoshimura, Shin-ichi Oka, Ayako Mikami, Wataru Sugiura, Toshiyuki Sato, Tomokazu Yoshida, Shinya Shimada, Hiroaki Mitsuya
Summary: The study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine can significantly increase neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2, but there are differences in different age groups and genders, as well as concerns about the duration of neutralizing capability and effectiveness against variant strains.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Brian Cieslewicz, Daniel Makrinos, Heidi Burke, Dara Bree, Renuka Haridas, Ian Tonkiss, Yannic Bartsch, Galit Alter, Richard Malley, Gilles Besin
Summary: Despite the success of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the emergence of more resistant variants highlights the potential need for additional COVID-19 vaccines. The MAPS technology was used to engineer a novel vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2, which generated robust immune responses and protection in nonhuman primates. This platform shows promise for developing vaccines that can include different variants.
Review
Immunology
Zhongjie Sun, Tingxin Wu, Huangfan Xie, Yuhuan Li, Jinlan Zhang, Xuncheng Su, Hailong Qi
Summary: This review discusses the role of cellular immunity in fighting against COVID-19 and summarizes recent advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the immune responses induced by vaccines, aiming to improve the design of new vaccines and immunization strategies.
Article
Ecology
Sarah C. Hill, Sarah Francois, Julien Theze, Adrian L. Smith, Peter Simmonds, Christopher M. Perrins, Lia van der Hoek, Oliver G. Pybus
Summary: Wildlife carries pathogens that can harm human or livestock health and are the source of most emerging infectious diseases. Changes in wildlife population age-structures and age-stratified behaviors can alter the level of pathogen detection within a species and the risk of spillover to other species. By using a metagenomic approach, this study characterized viral and prokaryotic carriage in a healthy wild bird population and identified novel virus species and the core prokaryotic microbiome. The findings suggest that perturbations in wildlife population age-structures could impact the circulation dynamics and spillover risk of microbes, potentially including pathogens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guogang Zhang, Bingying Li, Jayna Raghwani, Bram Vrancken, Ru Jia, Sarah C. Hill, Guillaume Fournie, Yanchao Cheng, Qiqi Yang, Yuxin Wang, Zengmiao Wang, Lu Dong, Oliver G. Pybus, Huaiyu Tian
Summary: Migratory birds have played a crucial role in the rapid dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 across Eurasia. This study investigated the seasonal transmission dynamics of HPAI H5N8 viruses using new genomic data obtained from surveying wild birds in China and tracking the migratory patterns of bird species across China since 2006. The findings reveal the association between the introductions of HPAI H5N8 viruses in different Eurasian regions and the seasonal migration of wild birds, and highlight Europe's role as both a source and a sink in the global HPAI virus transmission network.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Michelle Wille, Simeon Lisovski, David Roshier, Marta Ferenczi, Bethany J. J. Hoye, Trent Leen, Simone Warner, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Aeron C. C. Hurt, Edward C. C. Holmes, Marcel Klaassen
Summary: Host susceptibility to LPAIV is influenced by factors such as genetics, ecology, age, and season. This study analyzed data from wild birds in Australia over 11 years and found that host phylogeny is a key driver in determining host range. The study provides insights into the evolutionary ecology of LPAIV in its avian reservoir community and expands our global understanding of LPAIV.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Janelle R. Wierenga, Kerri J. Morgan, Stuart Hunter, Harry S. Taylor, Lisa S. Argilla, Trudi Webster, Jeremy Dubrulle, Fatima Jorge, Mihnea Bostina, Laura Burga, Edward C. Holmes, Kate McInnes, Jemma L. Geoghegan
Summary: Yellow-eyed penguins in New Zealand are at risk of extinction due to infectious diseases, with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) causing high mortality in young chicks. A novel and highly abundant gyrovirus belonging to the Anelloviridae family has been identified in 80% of tissue samples from dead chicks. This gyrovirus is closely related to a diseased seabird virus and is likely associated with RDS in yellow-eyed penguin chicks.
Article
Virology
Soufien Sghaier, Corinne Sailleau, Maurilia Marcacci, Sarah Thabet, Valentina Curini, Thameur Ben Hassine, Liana Teodori, Ottavio Portanti, Salah Hammami, Lucija Jurisic, Massimo Spedicato, Lydie Postic, Ines Gazani, Raja Ben Osman, Stephan Zientara, Emmanuel Breard, Paolo Calistri, Jurgen A. Richt, Edward C. Holmes, Giovanni Savini, Francesca Di Giallonardo, Alessio Lorusso
Summary: Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a viral disease transmitted by Culicoides and affects domestic and wild ruminants, particularly white-tailed deer and cattle. Recent outbreaks of EHDV-8 have been reported in cattle farms in central/western Tunisia, spreading rapidly throughout the country with more than 200 confirmed cases. This study emphasizes the need for vaccines targeting various serotypes of EHDV.
Article
Biology
Katherine Eaton, Leo Featherstone, Sebastian Duchene, Ann G. G. Carmichael, Nukhet Varlik, G. Brian Golding, Edward C. C. Holmes, Hendrik N. N. Poinar
Summary: By using molecular clock modeling and phylogenetic analyses, the emergence of the plague pathogen throughout history is investigated. However, there have been significant disparities between phylogenetic studies of the causative bacterium, Yersinia pestis, regarding the timing and geographic origins of its reemergence. A new approach is developed to assess each Y. pestis population independently, enabling the recovery of substantial temporal signal in five populations, including ancient pandemic lineages that may have emerged before the documented pandemics from European sources.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Lu, Wan -Ting He, John H. -O. Pettersson, Guy Baele, Mang Shi, Edward C. Holmes, Na He, Shuo Su
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Marina Escalera-Zamudio, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Natalia Martinez de la Vina, Bernardo Gutierrez, Rhys P. D. Inward, Julien Theze, Lucy van Dorp, Hugo G. Castelan-Sanchez, Thomas A. Bowden, Oliver G. Pybus, Ruben J. G. Hulswit
Summary: Comparing the evolution of distantly related viruses can provide insights into common adaptive processes related to shared ecological niches. Phylogenetic approaches, coupled with other molecular evolution tools, can help identify mutations informative on adaptation, although the structural contextualization of these to functional sites of proteins may help gain insight into their biological properties.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xianghui Liang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Junqiong Zhai, Xiaobing Li, Xu Zhang, Zhipeng Zhang, Ping Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xinyuan Cui, Hai Wang, Niu Zhou, Zu-Jin Chen, Renwei Su, Fuqing Zhou, Edward C. Holmes, David M. Irwin, Rui-Ai Chen, Qian He, Ya-Jiang Wu, Chen Wang, Xue-Qing Du, Shi-Ming Peng, Wei-Jun Xie, Fen Shan, Wan-Ping Li, Jun-Wei Dai, Xuejuan Shen, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao, Wu Chen, Yongyi Shen
Summary: Using CT scans, histological examination, blood gas tests, and transcriptome analysis, this study reveals the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of SARSr-CoV-2 in Malayan pangolins. The virus infects multiple organs, with the lungs being the major target. The study also provides initial evidence for vertical transmission of the virus in pangolin fetuses.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ayda Susana Ortiz-Baez, Thomas G. T. Jaenson, Edward C. Holmes, John H. -O. Pettersson, Peter Wilhelmsson
Summary: Ticks, particularly the soft tick Carios vespertilionis, are carriers of a wide range of viruses and bacteria. In this study, we identified 16 novel viruses from 11 virus families in C. vespertilionis ticks collected from bats in Sweden. We also found abundant bacteria, including known tick-borne bacteria such as Coxiella spp. and Rickettsia spp. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring bat-associated ectoparasites for tracking viruses and bacteria circulating in bats and ticks.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Cixiu Li, Shuqi Liu, Hong Zhou, Wei Zhu, Mingxue Cui, Juan Li, Jiao Wang, Jiangyun Liu, Jin Zhu, Weiping Li, Yuhai Bi, Michael J. Carr, Edward C. Holmes, Weifeng Shi
Summary: This study revealed the great capacity of mosquitoes to host a diverse range of RNA viruses, with notable differences in viromic structure between mosquito genera and species. The genetic diversity and abundance of the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia also varied between mosquito populations. Mosquitoes play a significant role in shaping the virome's composition and understanding these differences is important.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Virology
Callum Le Lay, Matthew B. Stott, Mang Shi, Sabrina Sadiq, Edward C. Holmes
Summary: Little is known about the diversity of RNA viruses in geothermal systems. In this study, researchers generated total RNA sequencing data from two hot springs in New Zealand and found that the microbial communities in these hot springs were highly diverse, with different proportions of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They also detected sequences of 23 RNA viruses from various families in one of the hot springs, some of which were novel and had uncertain host associations.
Article
Virology
Kate Van Brussel, Jackie E. Mahar, Jane Hall, Hannah Bender, Ayda Susana Ortiz-Baez, Wei-Shan Chang, Edward C. Holmes, Karrie Rose
Summary: More than 70 bat species in Australia were studied for viruses and bacteria, and the association between Hervey pteropid gammaretrovirus and lymphoid leukemia was discovered. Furthermore, several new viruses and bacterial pathogens were also identified.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Wang, Yuan-fei Pan, Li-fen Yang, Wei-hong Yang, Kexin Lv, Chu-ming Luo, Juan Wang, Guo-peng Kuang, Wei-chen Wu, Qin-yu Gou, Gen-yang Xin, Bo Li, Huan-le Luo, Shoudeng Chen, Yue-long Shu, Deyin Guo, Zi-Hou Gao, Guodong Liang, Jun Li, Yao-qing Chen, Edward C. Holmes, Yun Feng, Mang Shi
Summary: The diversity and abundance of viruses in bats are not fully understood. This study analyzes individual bat viromes and reveals a high frequency of co-infection and spillover among bats. It also identifies viruses with the potential to infect humans or livestock.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Letter
Virology
Lin Xu, Wei Liu, Mengyu Bie, Tao Hu, Dong Yan, Zhishu Xiao, Edward C. Holmes, Weifeng Shi