Article
Geography, Physical
Keir Alexander Nichols
Summary: Cosmogenic nuclide measurements in glacial deposits provide valuable insights into glacier chronologies beyond what is observable. In situ cosmogenic C-14, with its short half-life, is particularly useful as it is less affected by nuclide inheritance compared to other commonly measured nuclides. Recent advancements in automated carbon extraction from quartz have accelerated the measurement of in situ C-14 in Antarctic samples, shedding light on deglaciation processes. In situ C-14 has been especially impactful in the Weddell Sea Embayment, where other cosmogenic nuclide systems were limited by inheritance issues.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Giovanni Baccolo, Barbara Delmonte, Elena Di Stefano, Giannantonio Cibin, Ilaria Crotti, Massimo Frezzotti, Dariush Hampai, Yoshinori Iizuka, Augusto Marcelli, Valter Maggi
Summary: The study demonstrates that the Talos Dome ice core displays evident signs of post-depositional processes affecting the mineral dust record below 1000 m, likely caused by acidic and oxidative weathering. Deep ice can be considered a geochemical reactor fostering complex reactions involving both soluble and insoluble impurities. Fe-bearing minerals play an efficient role in exploring such transformations.
Article
Geography, Physical
Lucas H. Beem, Duncan A. Young, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Jingxue Guo, Sun Bo
Summary: New aerogeophysical observations of Titan Dome in East Antarctica characterized the region and evaluated its suitability as a paleoclimate ice core site. However, due to past fast flow dynamics, basal ice likely being too young, and coarse temporal resolution, Titan Dome is not expected to be relevant to the study of the middle Pleistocene transition.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mirko Severi, Silvia Becagli, Laura Caiazzo, Raffaello Nardin, Alberto Toccafondi, Rita Traversi
Summary: More than 540 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests (NWT) have been conducted since 1952, leading to the release of approximately 2.8 t of 239Pu into the environment. A study analyzed an ice core from Dome C in East Antarctica and compared the plutonium deposition history with previously published NWT records, finding overall agreement. The geographical location of the tests was found to be an important factor affecting the concentration of 239Pu on the Antarctic ice sheet.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Roland C. Warner, Helen A. Fricker, Susheel Adusumilli, Philipp Arndt, Jonathan Kingslake, Julian J. Spergel
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential impact of increasing surface meltwater on Antarctic ice shelves, showing a rapid surface disruption on the southern Amery Ice Shelf in winter 2019. The researchers interpret this as an ice-covered lake draining through the ice shelf, forming an ice doline with significant depth changes. High-resolution geodetic measurements can explore critical fine-scale ice shelf processes such as the draining and refilling of the ice-covered lake.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Zhengyi Hu, Guitao Shi, Pavel Talalay, Yuansheng Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Chunlei An, Nan Zhang, Chuanjin Li, Ke Liu, Jinhai Yu, Cheng Yang, Bing Li, Bowen Liu, Tianming Ma
Summary: A deep ice core drilling project was carried out at Dome A in Antarctica, starting in 2012 and completing in 2017, reaching a depth of 800.8 meters. A total of 337 successful drilling runs were conducted, with some challenges encountered, particularly in the brittle zone between 650-800 meters.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Bensi, Vedrana Kovacevic, Federica Donda, Philip Edward O'Brien, Linda Armbrecht, Leanne Kay Armand
Summary: Current glacier melt rates in West Antarctica are higher than those around the East Antarctic margin. Wilkes Land is an exception, where significant retreat of Totten Glacier has been observed. Ocean dynamics strongly influence this process, which in turn is affected by the evolution of the ice caps. New oceanographic data collected from the Sabrina Coast in East Antarctica during the summer of 2017 provides insights into the water masses and morphology of the area.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Junjun Yang, Jingxue Guo, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Xiangbin Cui, Liangcheng Tu, Lin Li, Lenneke M. Jong, Xueyuan Tang, Bingrui Li, Donald D. Blankenship, Jason L. Roberts, Tas Ommen, Bo Sun
Summary: By estimating the bathymetry under the Amery Ice Shelf, researchers discovered important topographic features in the region, including a shoal on the western side and a trough on the eastern side, which play a crucial role in controlling the ocean heat transport into the sub-ice cavity.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathieu Casado, Raphael Hebert
Summary: Weather station records in Antarctica are not sufficient to observe climate change accurately. However, using ice core isotopes as a temperature proxy indicates that Antarctica is experiencing faster warming compared to global average temperatures and climate model predictions for the region.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Duncan A. Young, Robert Mulvaney, Catherine Ritz, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Gregory Ng, Scott D. Kempf, Enrica Quartini, Gail R. Muldoon, John Paden, Massimo Frezzotti, Jason L. Roberts, Carly R. Tozer, Dustin M. Schroeder, Donald D. Blankenship
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive ice-penetrating radar data set covering the Dome C area of the East Antarctic plateau, including 26 internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) collected over 10 years. By correlating with the EPICA-DC ice core, 19 IRHs spanning four glacial cycles were dated, along with indirect dating of seven older IRHs using a 1D ice flow inverse model. Depth and age uncertainties for all IRHs were quantified and provided as part of the data set.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xin-Qing Li, Feng-Ming Hui, Jie-Chen Zhao, Meng-Xi Zhai, Xiao Cheng
Summary: Landfast ice plays a crucial role in atmosphere-ocean interactions and ecosystems in the near coast area of Antarctica. This study applied a high-resolution thermodynamic snow-ice (HIGHTSI) model to simulate the seasonal changes of landfast ice along the Mawson Coast, East Antarctica. The results showed that the HIGHTSI model is suitable for simulating landfast ice, with the best match to field measurements achieved when using a specific ocean heat flux value. Furthermore, the study modeled the 2-D distributions of landfast ice from 2006 to 2018 and found that the thickness varies along the coast without a statistical trend.
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tyler Pelle, Mathieu Morlighem, Yoshihiro Nakayama, Helene Seroussi
Summary: The future evolution of Totten Glacier is influenced by ocean-driven warm water inflow, with increased ice loss rates expected under high emission scenarios.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer F. Arthur, Chris R. Stokes, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, J. Rachel Carr, Amber A. Leeson, Vincent Verjans
Summary: Observations of Antarctic supraglacial lakes (SGLs) are relatively scarce and their interannual variability is largely unknown. This study provides the first observations of SGLs across the entire East Antarctic Ice Sheet over multiple melt seasons. The results show that SGL volume varies greatly from year to year on some ice shelves, with more extensive and deeper lakes associated with higher summer air temperatures. Model predictions suggest that January melt and the ratio of November firn air content to summer melt are important predictors of SGL volume on vulnerable ice shelves.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura
Summary: This study investigates the basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves in different regions using simulation methods, revealing the mechanisms and seasonal variations of CDW intrusion in different regions of Antarctica, and discussing the impact of fast ice on the marine environment in the bay.
Article
Geography, Physical
Bertie W. J. Miles, Chris R. Stokes, Adrian Jenkins, Jim R. Jordan, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson
Summary: Increased wind-forced intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) have caused mass loss in West Antarctica and Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. However, observations in 2018 show that the Shirase Glacier in Enderby Land, East Antarctica has experienced a dynamical ocean-driven slowdown, ice surface thickening, and grounding line advance due to strengthening easterly winds that reduce mCDW inflow. This highlights the overlooked role of easterly winds in the recent mass gain of the Shirase Glacier catchment.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ji-Hyun Kim, Grant Ferguson, Mark Person, Wei Jiang, Zheng-Tian Lu, Florian Ritterbusch, Guo-Min Yang, Rebecca Tyne, Lydia Bailey, Chris Ballentine, Peter Reiners, Jennifer McIntosh
Summary: Krypton-81 dating provides new insights into the timing, mechanisms, and extent of meteoric flushing versus retention of saline fluids in the subsurface. The study demonstrates that the preservation of Paleozoic seawater-derived brines in the Paradox Basin is attributed to negative fluid buoyancy and low permeability. The dating results also reveal topographically-driven meteoric recharge and salt dissolution since the Late Pleistocene and the flushing of remnant brines and dissolved evaporites by relatively young meteoric water components in basal aquifers. The study further illustrates the activation of deep, basinal-scale flow systems in the Colorado Plateau due to rapid denudation in recent times.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Ritterbusch, Lide Tian, Ji-Qiang Gu, Wei Jiang, Zheng-Tian Lu, Lili Shao, Ming -Xing Tang, Guo-Min Yang, Meng-Jie Zhang, Lei Zhao
Summary: Ice cores from alpine glaciers provide unique archives of past climate conditions. A reliable chronology for these ice cores has been lacking, but this study successfully used radiometric Ar-39 dating to construct a chronology covering the past 1,300 years. Advances in Ar-39 analysis allowed for a twofold increase in the upper age limit of dating, and measuring Kr-85 helped quantify and correct modern air contamination. This study demonstrates the potential for using ice cores from nonpolar glaciers to recover climate records of the Common Era.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. Purtschert, A. J. Love, W. Jiang, Z. -T Lu, G. -M Yang, S. Fulton, D. Wohling, P. Shand, W. Aeschbach, L. Broeder, P. Mueller, Y. Tosaki
Summary: Understanding the age distribution of groundwater is important for understanding its recharge history and geochemical evolution. 81Kr is a promising tracer for dating old groundwater because of its constant input function and fewer sources and sinks compared to traditional tracers. In this study, a suite of environmental tracers, including 81Kr, was used to investigate the residence time distribution of a groundwater basin in Australia. The results showed an increase in groundwater age with distance from the recharge area, indicating a connected flow path.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
T. -Y Xia, W. -W Sun, S. Ebser, W. Jiang, G. -M Yang, H. -M Zhu, Yun-Chong Fu, F. Huang, G. -D Ming, T. Xia, Z. -T Lu
Summary: In this study, the atom-trap trace analysis method was used to measure Ca-41/Ca ratios at the level of 10(-16) and achieved a detection limit at the level of 10(-17). This method has the potential to explore the suitability of Ca-41 as a tracer.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Si-Yu Liu, Yu-Chan Wang, Rui-Fan Wu, Guo-Min Yang, Wei Jiang
Summary: Cold collisions between atoms and molecules at low temperatures have attracted significant research interest. Quantum phenomena, such as quantum tunneling and resonances, play a crucial role in these collisions. This study presents an apparatus combining Magneto-Optical-Trap (MOT) and velocity map imaging (VMI) systems to investigate cold collisions between metastable noble gas atoms and alkali atoms, with a focus on exploring quantum phenomena in Kr* + Rb reactions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jing-Wen Yan, Hao Li, Wei Jiang, Zheng-Tian Lu, Florian Ritterbusch, Guo-Min Yang
Summary: We present a high intensity metastable Kr source based on a helical resonator RF discharge, which is enhanced by an external B-field. Experimental studies and optimization have been conducted on the effect of geometric configuration and magnetic field strength. Compared to the helical resonator discharge source without an external B-field, the new source demonstrates a 4-5 times enhancement in producing metastable Kr beams. This improvement has direct implications for radio-krypton dating applications, as it increases the atom count rate and improves analytical precision.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Y. A. Yang, T. A. Zheng, S. -z. Wang, W. -k. Hu, Chang-Ling Zou, T. Xia, Z. -t. Lu
Summary: Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement enhances detection efficiency and measurement fidelity in precision measurements and quantum information processing. A QND measurement scheme is proposed and demonstrated for the spin states of laser-trapped atoms. This approach utilizes a circularly polarized control laser to create a cycling, spin-selective, and spin-preserving transition on 171Yb atoms in an optical dipole trap.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paolo Fazzini, Marco Montuori, Antonello Pasini, Alice Cuzzucoli, Ilaria Crotti, Emilio Fortunato Campana, Francesco Petracchini, Srdjan Dobricic
Summary: In this study, a statistical forecasting framework is proposed and evaluated using various machine learning algorithms to predict Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations in the Arctic region (Pallas in Finland, Reykjavik in Iceland, and Tromso in Norway). The framework utilizes historical ground measurements and 24-hour predictions from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) models to provide PM10 predictions for the next 24 hours. Different memory cells based on artificial neural networks are compared, and the proposed framework consistently outperforms the CAMS models in terms of mean squared error (MSE), with average improvements ranging from 25% to 40%. The impact of outliers on the overall performance of the model is also examined.
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicolas Stoll, Julien Westhoff, Pascal Bohleber, Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Carlo Barbante, Ilka Weikusat
Summary: Impurities in polar ice, especially cloudy bands with high impurity concentrations, play a critical role in ice flow, deformation, and the integrity of the ice core record. In this study, we used a combination of advanced techniques to analyze cloudy bands in glacial ice from the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) ice core. We classified the cloudy bands into seven different types and determined the mineralogy and localization of micro-inclusions. Our results showed that the majority of minerals found are related to terrestrial dust, with quartz, feldspar, mica, and hematite being the most common. We also found carbonaceous particles, dolomite, gypsum, and rare minerals such as rutile, anatase, epidote, titanite, and grossular. The 2D impurity imaging revealed the spatial distribution of impurities in the cloudy bands, with grain boundaries containing Na, Mg, and Sr, and the grain interior containing dust-related analytes like Al, Fe, and Ti.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan-Qing Chu, Wen-Hao Wang, Xi-Ze Dong, Chao Gao, Ji-Qiang Gu, Shui-Ming Hu, Wei Jiang, Si-Yu Liu, Zheng-Tian Lu, Florian Ritterbusch, Guo-Min Yang, Lei Zhao
Summary: In this work, we present a technique for online monitoring of atmospheric Kr-85 activities with a time resolution of 1.5 hours. The system includes a Kr purification system and an atom trap based Kr-85 measurement system. The technology allows for analysis of atmospheric Kr-85 activities with hourly resolution, providing applications such as online monitoring of nuclear fuel reprocessing plants and tracing of atmospheric circulation patterns.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Francois Burgay, Rafael Pedro Fernandez, Delia Segato, Clara Turetta, Christopher S. Blaszczak-Boxe, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: Based on a 210-year bromine record, this study finds that the bromine signal in ice at Dome C in East Antarctica is preserved and not influenced by variations in ultraviolet radiation. However, due to limited satellite measurements and low sea-ice variability in the past 30 years, the effectiveness of bromine enrichment as a proxy for past sea-ice reconstructions at Dome C is still uncertain.
Article
Geography, Physical
Giacomo Traversa, Davide Fugazza, Massimo Frezzotti
Summary: In this study, the glaciological dynamics, spectral properties, and morphology of megadunes on the East Antarctic Plateau were analyzed. Using satellite images, the spatial and temporal variability of megadune surface characteristics were examined. The study found that migration of the megadunes is influenced by snow accumulation and the previous icy surface.
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. Celli, W. R. L. Cairns, C. Scarchilli, C. A. Cuevas, A. Saiz-Lopez, J. Savarino, B. Stenni, M. Frezzotti, S. Becagli, B. Delmonte, H. Angot, R. P. Fernandez, A. Spolaor
Summary: In an unexplored part of the East Antarctic Plateau, snow samples were collected during the Eaiist expedition in December 2019. The study focused on the latitudinal variability of iodine, bromine, and sodium, as well as their relation to emission processes and photochemical activation. The results showed that there was no significant latitudinal trend for bromine and sodium, while iodine concentrations decreased moving southward. The study also highlighted the impact of the seasonal ozone hole cycle on the surface snow photoactivation of iodine.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)