Article
Ophthalmology
Hao Wu, Zhu Xie, Pengqi Wang, Mengqi Liu, Yuanyuan Wang, Jiadi Zhu, Xiangqin Chen, Zhiqiang Xu, Xinjie Mao, Xiangtian Zhou
Summary: In children with anisomyopia, eyes with longer axial lengths tend to have lower choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris perfusion than the contralateral eyes with shorter axial lengths. The interocular asymmetry in choroidal features is significantly associated with the interocular asymmetry in axial lengths.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tomoki Maruyama, Erisa Yotsukura, Hidemasa Torii, Kiwako Mori, Mikako Inokuchi, Mitsuaki Tokumura, Debabrata Hazra, Mamoru Ogawa, Akiko Hanyuda, Kazuo Tsubota, Toshihide Kurihara, Kazuno Negishi
Summary: The prevalence of myopia is high among Japanese schoolchildren, with almost half of preschoolers being myopic. The time spent using digital devices is positively associated with lens thickness, while reading time is negatively associated with lens thickness, spherical equivalent, axial length, and vitreous chamber depth.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Paul Chamberlain, Percy Lazon de la Jara, Baskar Arumugam, Mark A. Bullimore
Summary: The study compared axial elongation among untreated progressing myopes, progressing myopes treated with a myopia control contact lens, and emmetropes. It found that the untreated myopes showed similar axial elongation over 3 years to virtual cohorts based on the OLSM and SCORM models, while the predicted 3-year axial elongation for emmetropes was similar to the mean 3-year elongation in MiSight-treated myopes. The study suggests that myopic axial elongation may be superimposed on underlying physiological axial elongation observed in emmetropic eyes, and optical myopia control treatments may minimize myopic axial elongation but retain the underlying physiological elongation.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shida Chen, Yangfeng Guo, Xiaotong Han, Xinping Yu, Qianyun Chen, Decai Wang, Xiang Chen, Ling Jin, Jason Ha, Yuting Li, Yabin Qu, Rong Lin, Mingguang He, Yangfa Zeng, Yizhi Liu
Summary: The pattern of ocular axial growth differs among different age groups, with body height showing a positive correlation with axial length growth and myopic shift in refractive error.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rohan P. J. Hughes, Scott A. Read, Michael J. Collins, Stephen J. Vincent
Summary: This study investigated the differences in accommodation-induced axial elongation between myopic and nonmyopic children. The results showed that myopic children exhibited significantly greater accommodation-induced axial elongation than nonmyopic children. This finding could support a potential mechanism linking near work, axial elongation, and myopia development in children.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jian Qin, Huiling Qing, Na Ji, Tianbin Lyu, Hui Ma, Menghai Shi, Shiao Yu, Conghui Ma, Aicun Fu
Summary: Unilateral orthokeratology lenses effectively reduced axial elongation in the more myopic eyes and reduced interocular AL differences in children with myopic anisometropia. The refractive state of the untreated eyes did not affect the axial elongation of the more myopic eye wearing the orthokeratology lens. In the untreated eyes, AL increased faster in the low myopia subgroup than in the emmetropia subgroup.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio Queiros, Ana Amorim-de-Sousa, Paulo Fernandes, Maria Sameiro Ribeiro-Queiros, Cesar Villa-Collar, Jose M. Gonzalez-Meijome
Summary: This study aims to evaluate and develop mathematical models for estimating axial length (AL) in a cross-sectional and longitudinal sample. The existing mathematical equation proposed by Morgan was found to have statistically significant differences in AL estimation based on gender, ametropia, type of astigmatism, and age. A new mathematical model was proposed and tested, showing no statistically significant differences in axial length estimation between the models in a longitudinal sample. Despite errors in predicted axial length values, the mathematical equations are valid for estimating differences in axial increment for ages between 9 and 24 years.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Anken Wang, Chenhao Yang, Li Shen, Jiaying Wang, Zhehuan Zhang, Weiming Yang
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the axial length changes in myopic children wearing orthokeratology lenses and found that after initial shortening, the axial length rapidly rebounded during the washout period and shortened again when lenses were re-worn. The changes in axial length were significantly correlated with the initial axial length. Therefore, measuring axial length after the washout period can provide a more objective and accurate evaluation of orthokeratology, and the existence and degree of axial shortening can predict long-term myopia development.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lixia Tao, Chunxiao Wang, Yiyi Peng, Meiping Xu, Minghui Wan, Jiangtao Lou, Xinping Yu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between axial length (AL) and height growth in school-age children and the influence of refractive status. The findings showed a positive correlation between AL and height growth, especially in the newly developed myopia group after myopia onset.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark A. Bullimore, Maria Liu
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the published studies on the efficacy of the Euclid Emerald lens designs for orthokeratology in slowing myopia progression in children. The results demonstrate that this lens design is effective in slowing axial elongation in myopic children.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jun Chen, Shang Liu, Zhuoting Zhu, Gabriella Bulloch, Thomas Naduvilath, Jingjing Wang, Linlin Du, Jinliuxing Yang, Bo Zhang, Haidong Zou, Xun Xu, Xiangui He
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the cutoff of axial length (AL) change in order to accurately differentiate between progressive and non-progressive myopic children. The results showed that myopic children with non-progressive status had significantly less axial elongation than those with progressive status. An annual AL change cutoff of 0.20 mm/year can be used to differentiate between non-progressive and progressive myopia.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Thomas Naduvilath, Xiangui He, Xun Xu, Padmaja Sankaridurg
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of refractive error, age, gender, and parental myopia on axial elongation in Chinese children and provide normative data for the population. The results showed that axial elongation decreased with age, with different effects depending on the refractive error group. Myopic children had higher axial elongation compared to emmetropic and hyperopic children, but these differences decreased as they grew older.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yiye Chen, Ce Zheng, Rong Zhu, Lingyan Dong, Jie Cen, Jun Yu, Peiquan Zhao, Xiaoli Kang
Summary: This study investigates the efficacy of myopia control using orthokeratology in unilateral myopic children. The results show that orthokeratology can effectively control axial length growth in myopic eyes. The efficacy is more significant in children with higher levels of myopia. Age and sex do not significantly affect the effectiveness of orthokeratology in children aged 8 to 16.
Article
Ophthalmology
Katie M. Williams, Michalis Georgiou, Angelos Kalitzeos, Isabelle Chow, Pirro G. Hysi, Anthony G. Robson, Gareth Lingham, Fred K. Chen, David A. Mackey, Andrew R. Webster, Christopher J. Hammond, Polina Prokhoda, Joseph Carroll, Michel Michaelides, Omar A. Mahroo
Summary: This study investigates the axial length distributions in inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and compares them with reference cohorts. The findings suggest that some IRDs are associated with longer axial lengths, while others are associated with shorter axial lengths.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jingfeng Mu, Dan Zeng, Jingjie Fan, Meizhou Liu, Haoxi Zhong, Xinyi Shuai, Shaochong Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between axial length/corneal radius ratio (AL/CR ratio), axial length (AL), and refractive status, and evaluate their accuracy for myopia assessment in Chinese children. The results suggested that the AL/CR ratio may be an alternative indicator for myopia assessment in children, and combining demographic factors with the AL/CR ratio can improve the accuracy of the assessment.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Donald O. Mutti, Loraine T. Sinnott, Noel A. Brennan, Xu Cheng, Karla Zadnik
Summary: This study aimed to develop models predicting future refractive error and axial length using children's baseline data and history of myopia progression and axial elongation. Age, ethnicity, and greater myopia were significant predictors of future refractive error and axial length.
OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark A. Bullimore, Noel A. Brennan
Summary: The age of onset has an impact on the final level of myopia, and delaying the onset can lower the myopia level, especially in East Asians.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Raman Prasad Sah, Dawn Meyer, Matt Jaskulski, Martin Rickert, Xu Cheng, Noel Brennan, Pete S. Kollbaum
Summary: Multizone contact lenses introduce myopic defocus to control myopia progression. This study investigated the amount of pupil area and dioptres of defocus introduced by different zone geometries during near- and off-axis viewing. The results showed that multi-zone contact lenses provided similar defocus within distance correction zones compared to single vision lenses, but introduced higher proportions of defocus during on-axis and off-axis viewing.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark A. Bullimore, Noel A. Brennan, Daniel Ian Flitcroft
Summary: Effective optical or pharmaceutical therapies for myopia control present challenges for conducting placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials, including ethical concerns, recruitment difficulties, retention issues, selective loss of faster progressors, and non-protocol treatments.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Xu Cheng, Jie Xu, Noel A. Brennan
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and vision of two prototype myopia control soft contact lenses with noncoaxial ring-focus designs compared to dual-focus and single-vision designs. It was found that the lens with enhancing efficacy was more effective in slowing axial elongation compared to the dual-focus design, while the lens with enhancing vision had similar efficacy and vision performance to the single-vision design.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mark A. Bullimore, Noel A. Brennan
Summary: The risk of myopic macular degeneration increases with the level of myopia, but there is no safe level of myopia and even low degrees of myopia pose a considerable burden. Effective treatments are available to slow down the progression of myopia and limit its severity. This review discusses the rationale for slowing down progression, argues for treating all myopic children, emphasizes the importance of accurate measurement of refractive error and axial length, considers the factors influencing progression, and discusses the tools to interpret progression rate, stressing the need for achievable treatment goals.
Review
Ophthalmology
Imran Jawaid, Kathryn Saunders, Christopher J. Hammond, Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, Mark A. Bullimore
Summary: The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. Studies have investigated the use of atropine to control myopia progression, weighing the benefits against the side-effects. Atropine 0.05% appears to be more effective than atropine 0.01% in managing myopia progression.
Review
Ophthalmology
Nicola S. Logan, Mark A. Bullimore
Summary: This review summarizes key studies on optical interventions for slowing the progression of myopia. Overnight orthokeratology appears to be the most effective method, while progressive addition lenses are the least effective.
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark A. Bullimore, Maria Liu
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the published studies on the efficacy of the Euclid Emerald lens designs for orthokeratology in slowing myopia progression in children. The results demonstrate that this lens design is effective in slowing axial elongation in myopic children.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Carla Lanca, Li Lian Foo, Marcus Ang, Chuen Seng Tan, Biten Kathrani, Hla Myint Htoon, Donald Tan, Quan V. Hoang, Noel A. Brennan, Seang Mei Saw, Charumathi Sabanayagam
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Sayantan Biswas, Muralidharan Arumugam Ramachandran, VeluchamyA Barathi, Wan Yu Shermaine Low, Joanna Fianza Busoy, Dan Milea, Noel A. Brennan, Raymond Najjar
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Alex Nixon, Xu Cheng, Noel A. Brennan
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)