Article
Thermodynamics
Jian Chen, Ye Song, Yueyang Yu, Guoqing Xiao, Wai Cheong Tam, Depeng Kong
Summary: Investigating the burning behavior of pool fires is crucial for enhancing fire safety in energy utilization. This study explores the influence of a plate obstacle on pool fires and finds that the presence of a plate obstacle above the burner significantly affects the burning behavior, leading to rapid fire development and higher burning rates. Heat transfer analysis and correlation analysis reveal the relationship between plate obstacle characteristics and mean radiation heat flux.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenxiang Tao, Jiansong Wu, Na Wei, Quanyi Liu, Rui Yang, Zhanhui Sun, Hui Zhang
Summary: In this study, three types of rectangular pool fires were conducted in a simulated cargo compartment to investigate the effects of sidewall distance and ambient pressure on fire behavior. The results showed that the sidewall distance and ambient pressure had significant impacts on the flame height and sidewall temperature. Models for calculating the burning rate and flame height were developed using dimensionless distance, entrainment coefficient, and equivalent diameter.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aaron Yip, Jan B. Haelssig, Michael J. Pegg
Summary: The composition of a multicomponent pool fire changes during burning, affecting key fire properties such as burning rate. Models based on fuel properties and correlations for flame height and temperature are crucial for predicting burning rate and assessing fire hazards in scenarios involving multicomponent fuels.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
James R. Stewart, Herodotos N. Phylaktou, Gordon E. Andrews, Alan D. Burns
Summary: This paper evaluated the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for predictive modeling of liquid pool fire burning rates, showing consistent model performance for fully predictive modeling during quasi-steady burning. However, the model falls short in predicting the subtleties associated with each phase of the transient burning process, failing to reliably predict fuel mass loss rates during fire growth and extinction. The results suggest a range of model modifications for improved prediction of the transient fire growth and extinction phases of burning for liquid pool fires.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shaohua Mao, Shishan Liu, Songyang Yu, Bo Li, Wenjie Hao, Huixi Chen
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of wind-exposed pool fires and their impact on ship safety. An experimental platform was designed to study flame shape, burning rate, and downstream gas temperature in square aviation fuel pool fires exposed to crosswind. Results show that as wind speed increases, flame length, flame tilt angle, and burning rate initially increase and then stabilize. A new piecewise function is proposed to estimate the burning rate, and a modified exponential correlation is developed for the decay of downstream gas temperature.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chen Wang, Jie Ji
Summary: A dynamic combustion period occurs after liquid fuel ignition, but the mechanism is complicated due to dynamic heat transfer. This study investigates the dynamic combustion behavior and heat transfer of pool fire with burning time and thin fuel thickness using experiments and theoretical analysis. The research explores the relationship between flame height, burning rate, heat transfer, and the evolution mechanism of total heat feedback.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiaqiang Han, Pengqiang Geng, Zihao Wang, Fei Wang, Miaocheng Weng, Fang Liu
Summary: The study focused on pool fire behavior in a naturally ventilated tunnel with blockages, finding that blockages near the fire can lead to asymmetrical fire plume entrainment and affect flame behavior. Additionally, a decrease in fire-blockage distance was linked to a significant increase in burning rate of the pool fire and a decrease in ceiling temperature.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Peiyi Sun, Xinyan Huang, Cangsu Xu
Summary: This study examines the burning dynamics of polyethylene (PE) vs polypropylene (PP) pools fully melted at 380-410 degrees C, identifying three distinct burning patterns based on bottom boundary temperatures. PE exhibits near-limit flame, transitional flame, and intensive flame stages, while PP lacks the transitional-flame stage due to its higher melting point and lower pyrolysis point. The study highlights the differences in burning processes between molten thermoplastics and other substances like ethanol and paraffin wax, aiding in understanding the hazards of dripping and flooring fires.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Li Chang, Ali S. Rangwala
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the burning dynamics of dodecane and heptane with a vertical immersed copper rod on a turbulent water surface. The experiments reveal a strong dependence on burning behavior with the fuel type and the presence of turbulence. A mathematical model for the mass burning rate, including the effects of the immersed rod and turbulent water sublayer, is developed and validated using the experimental results.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rongliang Pan, Guoqing Zhu, Gang Xu, Xin Liu
Summary: The study investigated the influence of a curved ceiling and fire location on combustion characteristics in a utility tunnel by analyzing burning rate and temperature profile produced by a pool fire beneath a curved ceiling. Results showed that oxygen supply and heat feedback compete to determine the evolution of the burning rate. A qualitative analysis was conducted to elucidate this competitive mechanism.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yueyang Yu, Jian Chen, Zhenghui Wang, Depeng Kong
Summary: The influence of brash ice on pool fire burning was explored through small-scale pool fire experiments. It was found that brash ice significantly affects the ignitability and burning behavior of pool fires. The melting rate of brash ice in pool fire burning was described using a dimensionless correlation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Alexandra K. Jonko, Kara M. Yedinak, Juliana L. Conley, Rodman R. Linn
Summary: Atmospheric forcing and interactions between fire and atmosphere are primary drivers of wildland fire behavior. The atmosphere is known to be a chaotic system that, although deterministic, is very sensitive to small perturbations to initial conditions. Fire behavior is shown to be sensitive to small variations in atmospheric turbulence, highlighting the need for ensemble simulations to capture both expected fire behavior and uncertainties associated with it.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenxiang Tao, Wenjie Yang, Zhanhui Sun, Minze Chen, Jian Wang, Rui Yang, Hui Zhang
Summary: A series of pool fires were conducted to investigate the impact of pool shape and environmental pressure on wall fire behavior. The study revealed that the burning rate of both annular and rectangular pool fires increased with increasing length ratio of the poolside. Additionally, at the stable burning stage, the pool burning rate also increased with environmental pressure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinlong Zhao, Xiang Zhang, Jianping Zhang, Wei Wang, Changkun Chen
Summary: This paper examines the effects of ullage height on the burning and flame behaviors of heptane pool fires experimentally and analytically. The results show that the total flame length can be divided into down-reaching flame length and upper flame length. The down-reaching flame length increases with the increase of ullage height, while the upper flame length shows the opposite trend. When the ullage height is very large, the flame fluctuates periodically and may self-extinguish due to lack of oxygen.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Manhou Li, Ranran Li, Guangzhao Han, Jinfu Guan
Summary: Fire is a major threat to the safe operation of tunnels and underground spaces. The mass burning rate, which is related to thermal feedback, pool shape, and ambient wind, is an important parameter in characterizing pool fires. This study examines five convection-controlled heptane pool fires in a longitudinal wind tunnel with different aspect ratios. The burning rate variation with longitudinal wind is divided into three regimes: increasing, decreasing, and slightly-fluctuating. The effect of longitudinal wind on burning rate is attributed to heat feedback, flow disturbance, and oxidizer supply. The results provide guidance for tunnel fire protection design and fire development prediction under the condition of vehicle tank leakage inside a tunnel.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Depeng Kong, Gongquan Wang, Ping Ping, Jenifer Wen
Summary: The study focused on the simulation and analysis of thermal runaway in batteries, finding that batteries with Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4 materials showed better thermal safety and stability. Increasing separator melting temperature can delay the occurrence of thermal runaway, while increasing air velocity and reducing ambient temperature help batteries stay in a steady state.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ping Ping, Yue Zhang, Depeng Kong, Jin Du
Summary: A novel coupled thermal management system with phase change material (PCM) and liquid pipe was proposed and numerically investigated for maintaining the working temperature of a lithium-ion battery in the desired range under harsh conditions. The system exhibited good cooling performance, suppressing the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery pack, and effectively removing heat stored in PCM. Properly adjusting coolant velocity during charging was found to be feasible in saving power consumption while maintaining cooling capacity.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Depeng Kong, Xiaotong Zhao, Jian Chen, Hanbing Yang, Jin Du
Summary: Boilover fire is a dangerous scenario that can be divided into four stages and is influenced by various factors. By analyzing this phenomenon based on thermal mechanism, a safe distance can be predicted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Depeng Kong, Shuhui Wang, Ping Ping
Summary: A deep learning framework combining DCNN and LSTM is proposed for lithium-ion battery state-of-health estimation and remaining usable life prediction, considering both temporal and spatial characteristics of data and optimizing the neural networks' hyperparameters through Bayesian optimization to ensure high precision calculations. The method achieves low root mean square errors for SOH estimation and RUL prediction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jian Chen, Dongsheng Wang, Liping Guo, Zhenghui Wang, Depeng Kong
Summary: A systematic investigation was conducted on the flame characteristics of a pool fire sheltered by a plate obstacle. The study identified three types of flame morphology and found that the plate obstacle leads to a larger peak value of radiation heat flux. Prediction models for flame characteristics were proposed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinyi Dai, Depeng Kong, Jin Du, Yue Zhang, Ping Ping
Summary: Thermal safety is crucial for the storage and utilization of lithium-ion batteries. Phase change material (PCM) can effectively regulate temperature as a cooling medium, but its flammability raises concerns under extreme conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that paraffin PCM (PPCM) delays thermal runaway and reduces battery temperature, while composite PCM (CPCM) has limited effect. However, the flammable nature of PPCM increases the risk of fire. By incorporating a flame-retarded PPCM mixed with hydroxide flame retardants, the adverse effects can be mitigated, providing guidance for process safety and fire protection in battery thermal management.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jian Chen, Ye Song, Yueyang Yu, Guoqing Xiao, Wai Cheong Tam, Depeng Kong
Summary: Investigating the burning behavior of pool fires is crucial for enhancing fire safety in energy utilization. This study explores the influence of a plate obstacle on pool fires and finds that the presence of a plate obstacle above the burner significantly affects the burning behavior, leading to rapid fire development and higher burning rates. Heat transfer analysis and correlation analysis reveal the relationship between plate obstacle characteristics and mean radiation heat flux.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoqin He, Ping Ping, Depeng Kong, Gongquan Wang, Dongsheng Wang
Summary: The electrochemical performance and thermal stability of NVP as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries were investigated. The charge-discharge performance with different electrolytes and the thermal reactivity under elevated temperature were studied. It was found that NVP showed good thermal stability in NaTFSI-based electrolyte, especially with higher electrolyte content.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yue Zhang, Depeng Kong, Ping Ping, Hengle Zhao, Xinyi Dai, Xiaotong Chen
Summary: The study found that in top-confined space, the heat flux of fire significantly increases, and the temperature and back surface temperature growth rate are higher in the early stage of thermal runaway. The fire extension length consists of three main stages, and there is a correlation between plate height and extension length.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Depeng Kong, Dongsheng Wang, Jian Chen, Jiaqing Zhang, Xu He, Bingqing Li, Xiaoqin He, Huan Liu
Summary: Foam extinguishing agents are considered to be important for suppressing fires, and foam stability plays a key role in determining fire-fighting efficiency. This study focuses on the foam stability of mixed foam extinguishing agents, especially under thermal conditions. The effects of mixed types and ratios on foaming ability, drainage, coarsening, and insulation characteristics are systematically studied. The results provide helpful guidance for achieving high effective utilization of different foam extinguishing agents.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gongquan Wang, Depeng Kong, Ping Ping, Xiaoqin He, Hongpeng Lv, Hengle Zhao, Wanru Hong
Summary: Thermal runaway poses a serious risk to lithium-ion batteries due to the emission of flammable gases, potentially leading to explosions. A model incorporating venting is proposed to reduce explosion risk and determine the optimal battery pack configuration. Increasing ventilation rate decreases gas concentration and explosion duration, while the effect of void volume is limited. Increasing cell distance inhibits gas dispersion, prolonging the explosion risk. This model contributes to the optimization of battery pack safety.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Depeng Kong, Hengle Zhao, Ping Ping, Yue Zhang, Gongquan Wang
Summary: A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of operating temperature on the thermal runaway and combustion behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The results showed that the onset temperature of thermal runaway decreased significantly with decreasing operating temperature. Low-temperature cycling led to earlier safety valve cracking and thermal runaway. This study provides detailed insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of thermal runaway behavior changes in LIBs at low temperatures, which can guide process safety assurance and fire protection design for battery applications in low-temperature environments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gongquan Wang, Wei Gao, Xu He, Rongqi Peng, Yue Zhang, Xinyi Dai, Ping Ping, Depeng Kong
Summary: This study developed a three-dimensional model to investigate the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) behavior in cell-to-chassis (CTC) battery packs. It identified five typical heat transfer modes between the thermal runaway (TR) and normal cells and found that enhancing heat dissipation can reduce the thickness requirement of thermal insulation layers to inhibit TRP. However, local failure of insulation can lead to larger heat accumulation, requiring higher standards for critical parameters.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Depeng Kong, Gongquan Wang, Ping Ping, Jennifer Wen
Summary: Thermal runaway is a safety concern for lithium-ion batteries. This study develops a numerical model to predict the temperature, pressure evolution, and jet fire of the battery, considering the effect of state of charge (SOC).
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
