Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stephen J. Keely, Andreacarola Urso, Alexandr Ilyaskin, Christoph Korbmacher, Nigel W. Bunnett, Daniel P. Poole, Simona E. Carbone
Summary: Bile acids play important regulatory roles in intestinal motility and electrolyte transport. Advances in studying their receptors, transporters, and ion channels have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Recognizing bile acids and their modulated ion channels as potential targets could lead to new approaches for treating gastrointestinal disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yunting Xie, Linlin Cai, Zhiji Huang, Kai Shan, Xinglian Xu, Guanghong Zhou, Chunbao Li
Summary: Real meat and plant-based meat analogues have different effects on the gastrointestinal digestive function of mice. Plant-based meat analogues weaken the function by reducing gastric cells, hormone levels, enzyme activity, and intestinal villus height. Moreover, the digestion and absorption performance of plant-based meat analogues is inferior to real meat.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rory Hennell James, Justin C. Deme, Alicia Hunter, Ben C. Berks, Susan M. Lea
Summary: Gliding motility and protein secretion through the type IX secretion system (T9SS) are two specific features of the Bacteroidetes. These processes are energized by the GldLM motor complex, which converts the proton motive force into mechanical work. The structures of the GldLM motor complex from different Bacteroidetes species reveal a conserved architecture, but with species-specific differences at the N terminus of GldL. This study enhances our understanding of bacterial ion-driven motors and their role in T9SS and gliding motility.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Saad S. Alkhowaiter, Amani H. Alshahrani, Hala F. Almarzouqi, Gadah K. Alonazi, Tariq M. Alhawassi, Maha M. AlRasheed
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, efficacy, and barriers of using escitalopram for managing functional gastrointestinal disorders in the Saudi population. The findings suggest that escitalopram can be a safe and effective treatment option, and improving patient compliance could enhance the treatment outcome.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chase A. Knibbe, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Felicia Wilkins, Mayur Sharma, Jay Ethridge, Monique Morgan, Destiny Gibson, Kimberly B. Cooper, Dena R. Howland, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Shirish S. Barve, Steven Davison, Leslie C. Sherwood, Jack Semler, Thomas Abell, Maxwell Boakye
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications following spinal cord injury (SCI) are associated with poor outcomes. The SmartPill (TM) capsule can be used to assess effects in GI function post-injury. Our minipig model allows us to evaluate these post-injury changes, optimizing interventions and improving GI function.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peijun Tian, Renying Zou, Luyao Wang, Ying Chen, Xin Qian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Long Qian, Qun Wang, Gang Wang, Wei Chen
Summary: This study investigated the potential psychotropic effects of a combined three-strain probiotic intervention for human MDD patients. The results showed that multi-probiotics significantly reduced depression symptoms and improved gastrointestinal functions, with serotonergic system modification as the key mechanism.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhi Jiang, Qiuping Zou, Qicheng Chen, Junhong Zhang, Hailin Tang, Jingbao Chen, You Qin, Liming Yang, Zhiqiang Chen, Lixing Cao
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism and pharmacological effect of Wuda Granule (WDG) on gastrointestinal motility disorder (GMD) through network analysis, animal experiments, and clinical trials. The results showed that WDG improved GMD by inhibiting inflammation and promoting gastrointestinal motility, providing new insights and references for future research and clinical treatment of GMD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tibor Docsa, Adam Sipos, Charles S. Cox, Karen Uray
Summary: Feeding intolerance and ileus are common complications in critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, leading to longer hospital stays, increased infections, readmission rates, and medical costs. Current medical treatment for ileus is ineffective and has serious side effects. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the development of ileus, but their direct effects on gastrointestinal cells are not well understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Alexander H. Yang, Brigit Sullivan, Christa S. Zerbe, Suk See De Ravin, Andrew M. Blakely, Martha M. Quezado, Beatriz E. Marciano, Jamie Marko, Alexander Ling, David E. Kleiner, John I. Gallin, Harry L. Malech, Steven M. Holland, Theo Heller
Summary: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inborn immune deficiency disorder caused by a defect in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation, leading to reduced production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes. The main symptoms include recurrent infections and chronic inflammatory disorders. Current management strategies focus on antimicrobial prophylaxis and controlling inflammatory complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the definitive treatment option. CGD commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract and liver, causing structural changes, dysmotility, CGD-associated inflammatory bowel disease, liver abscesses, and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. The clinical manifestations can be diverse and managing them can be challenging due to the underlying immune dysfunction. This review summarizes the various clinical findings and latest research on the management of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in CGD, as well as the management experience at the National Institutes of Health.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
A. Rodriguez Basso, A. Carranza, V. M. Zainutti, H. Bach, S. B. Gorzalczany
Summary: The study demonstrated the significant effectiveness of Minthostachys verticillata in treating digestive disorders by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation-related gene expression, as well as protecting intestinal goblet cells.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas C. Zachos, Hannah Vaughan, Ruxian Lin, Rafiquel Sarker, Savannah Est-Witte, Molee Chakraborty, Nicholas W. Baetz, Hongzhe Yu, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, George Mcnamara, Jordan J. Green, Chung -Ming Tse, Mark Donowitz
Summary: Acute diarrheal diseases are the second most common cause of infant mortality in developing countries. Lack of effective drug therapy is a major contributing factor. This study suggests that pharmacologic stimulation of NHE3 activity is an efficacious approach for the treatment of moderate/severe diarrheal diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Rocio Servin-Vences, Ruby M. Lam, Alize Koolen, Yu Wang, Dimah N. Saade, Meaghan Loud, Halil Kacmaz, Suzanne Frausto, Yunxiao Zhang, Arthur Beyder, Kara L. Marshall, Carsten G. Bonnemann, Alexander T. Chesler, Ardem Patapoutian
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract's movements are regulated by the presence of food and play a crucial role in digestion. The lack of PIEZO2 in humans leads to impaired bowel sensation and motility. In mice, Piezo2 in dorsal root neurons is required for sensing gut content and slows down food transit rates in various parts of the gut. This study uncovers the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate gut transit and have important implications for digestion and waste removal.
Article
Dermatology
Yonis Bare, Grace K. Chan, Thomas Hayday, John A. McGrath, Maddy Parsons
Summary: This study found that the loss of Slac2-b leads to defects in skin cell adhesion and reduced trafficking of CD63(+) vesicles. These phenotypes were also observed in cells with mutations in EXPH5, suggesting a role for Slac2-b in regulating cell adhesion dynamics.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Heather J. McDonald, HoJun Kweon, Shadi Kurnfuli, Douglas D. Risser
Summary: A DnaK-type chaperone system is identified to coordinate the activity of type IV pili (T4P) motors with the production of motility-associated polysaccharides in bacteria, providing a mechanism for the regulation of these processes.
Article
Microbiology
Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez, Alix Lee, Guillermo Lopez-Campos, Steven J. Hancock, Joana Sa-Pessoa, Amy Dumigan, Ronan McMullan, Eric L. Campbell, Jose A. Bengoechea
Summary: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant cause of infections, especially antibiotic-resistant ones. It colonizes the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract without symptoms, but colonization of the gut is essential for infection. A new murine model has been developed to study gastrointestinal colonization without tissue dissemination, providing insights into the disease dynamics of K. pneumoniae and its colonization resistance.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Martin Duracinsky, Sharon Archbold, Beatriz Lobo, Pascal Bessonneau, Frederique Thonon, Javier Santos, Danila Guagnozzi, Nalin Payakachat, Benoit Coffin, Fernando Azpiroz, Peter J. Whorwell, Olivier Chassany
Summary: The study conducted a psychometric validation of the 43-item intestinal gas questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in a 6-factor structure. It was found that overall scores were worse in IBS patients compared to the general population, and the test-retest reliability of the IGQ scores and equivalence between paper and electronic versions were both good.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John A. Damianos, Sanjeevani K. Tomar, Fernando Azpiroz, Elizabeth Barba
Summary: Chronic bloating and abdominal distension are common and bothersome gastrointestinal symptoms often associated with gut-brain interaction disorders. Functional abdominal bloating may be due to visceral hypersensitivity, while abdominal distension appears to be a response to abdominophrenic dyssynergia. This article reviews the literature on abdominophrenic dyssynergia and discusses its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future research directions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elizabeth Barba, Dan M. Livovsky, Lucia Relea, Luis G. Alcala-Gonzalez, Sergio Quiroga, Anna Accarino, Fernando Azpiroz
Summary: The reliability of plain abdominal radiographs for evaluating abdominal gas content in patients with functional digestive symptoms is limited, as the gas volumes estimated in these radiographs differ significantly from those measured by CT.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luis G. Alcala-Gonzalez, Carolina Malagelada, Hugo Monrroy, Marianela Mego, Anna Accarino, Juan-Ramon Malagelada, Fernando Azpiroz
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic outcome of patients with minute rhythm (MRP) and prolonged simultaneous contractions (PSC) detected by intestinal manometry. The results showed that partial mechanical obstruction of the distal intestine and systemic disorders causing intestinal neuropathy were detected in some patients, but a substantial proportion of patients had no underlying disease identified. Colonic fecal retention might play a role in these patients.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michelle Bosman, Fabienne Smeets, Sigrid Elsenbruch, Jan Tack, Magnus Simren, Nicholas Talley, Bjorn Winkens, Ad Masclee, Daniel Keszthelyi
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the placebo response in pharmacological trials for functional dyspepsia (FD). The study found that the pooled placebo response rate ranged from 35.5% to 39.6% depending on the responder definition used. Lower baseline symptom scores were significantly associated with higher placebo response rates. The study suggests considering entry criteria based on symptom severity and separate reporting of core FD symptoms in future trials.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elizabeth Barba, Emanuel Burri, Sergio Quiroga, Anna Accarino, Fernando Azpiroz
Summary: This study found that in most patients with visible abdominal distension, their subjective claims were supported by objective evidence, and an increase in intestinal gas volume did not explain the visible abdominal distension. Abdominophrenic dyssynergia was consistently evidenced by dynamic EMG recording, but static CT imaging was less sensitive.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Robert J. Pawlik, Liubov Petrakova, Alexandra Cueillette, Katharina Krawczyk, Nina Theysohn, Sigrid Elsenbruch, Harald Engler
Summary: Inflammation may affect the formation and persistence of interoceptive fear and hypervigilance, which is relevant to psychiatric disorders and chronic pain. Two studies were conducted to analyze the effects of inflammation on fear learning and extinction, using endotoxemia as a model and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Despite robust inflammatory and emotional responses, no direct effects of inflammation on fear ratings or the formation/extinction of conditioned fear were observed. However, inflammation during fear acquisition enhanced neural responses to interoceptive but not exteroceptive stimuli during extinction learning, and resulted in enhanced negative valence ratings for interoceptive stimuli during unexpected re-exposure.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adoracion Nieto, Dan M. Livovsky, Fernando Azpiroz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of aversive conditioning on the postprandial reward of a comfort meal. The findings showed that the aversive conditioning significantly reduced the postprandial reward of the comfort meal. This suggests that aversive conditioning can impair the enjoyment of a comfort meal in healthy women.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bernat Orellana, Eva Monclus, Isabel Navazo, Alvaro Bendezu, Carolina Malagelada, Fernando Azpiroz
Summary: This study presents an automated method based on magnetic resonance imaging that accurately segments the colon and extracts colonic content and morphology data, providing valuable insights into the effects of diets and abdominal distension mechanisms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luis G. Alcala-Gonzalez, Anna Accarino, Ramon Marti, Daniel Sanchez-Tejerina, Arnau Llaurado, Fernando Azpiroz, Carolina Malagelada
Summary: This study aims to describe gastrointestinal motor dysfunction in MNGIE patients using advanced techniques and evaluate the relationship between motor abnormalities and symptoms. The results show that MNGIE patients have characteristic motor dysfunction in the small bowel, even in the presence of mild digestive symptoms. Early investigation is necessary.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
