The imprint of primordial gravitational waves on the CMB intensity profile

We use the induced geometry on the two dimensional transverse cross section of a photon beam propagating on a perturbed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime to find the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photon distribution over a telescope's collecting area today. It turns out that at each line of sight the photons are diluted along a transverse direction due to gravitational shearing. The effect can be characterized by two spin-weight-two variables, which are reminiscent of the Stokes polarization parameters. Similar to that case, one can construct a scalar and a pseudo-scalar function where the latter only gets contributions from the tensor modes. We analytically determine the power spectrum of the pseudo-scalar at superhorizon scales in a simple inflationary model and briefly discuss possible observational consequences. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

By analyzing the effects of gravity on a photon beam, we can determine the distribution of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons in the collecting area of a telescope today. In a simple inflationary model, we can ascertain the power spectrum of the pseudo-scalar at superhorizon scales and discuss potential observational consequences.