The genetics of human performance

Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality, but the mechanisms underpinning this protective effect are poorly understood. Here, Kim et al. review candidate genes and pathways implicated in human performance by genetic, genomic and multi-omic studies.

Automated summary

Human physiology may have evolved for endurance physical activity, but modern humans are mostly sedentary, making physical activity a leisure pursuit. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality, yet the mechanisms supporting this protective effect remain unclear.