Article
Reproductive Biology
Yaojin Peng, Jianwei Lv, Lulu Ding, Xia Gong, Qi Zhou
Summary: Considerable improvements have been made to gene editing technology, but human heritable germline genome editing still poses potential ethical, legal, and social risks. In response to the gene-edited babies incident, China has recognized the importance of ethical governance in life science and technology, and has accelerated its legislative and policy efforts in this field. This paper explores the scientific background and ethical debates surrounding China's regulatory framework for human germline gene editing, and provides recommendations for its future governance system. Although progress has been made in establishing an ethical governance system for human genome editing in China, further improvements are needed.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cedric Happi Mbakam, Joel Rousseau, Guillaume Tremblay, Pouire Yameogo, Jacques P. Tremblay
Summary: Prime editing, derived from the CRISPR/Cas9 discovery, allows for the modification of selected nucleotides in a specific gene. It can be used to correct point mutations in the DMD gene.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Iuri Viotti Perisse, Zhiqiang Fan, Galina N. Singina, Kenneth L. White, Irina A. Polejaeva
Summary: Accelerated development of novel CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing techniques allows for precise modifications in the mammalian genome, making it the preferred method for introducing gene alterations in livestock species. The expanding list of new CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools includes methods to improve efficiency and specificity, gene regulation, base editing, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of two primary methods for producing gene-edited farm animals, as well as the agricultural and biomedical applications of gene editing technology, are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Theresa Selfa, Sonja Lindberg, Carmen Bain
Summary: This article examines the emerging tensions and contestations in the United States over the governance of gene-editing technologies in agriculture and food, revealing new tensions, fractures, and realignments between and among government, industry, and NGOs actors. These tensions and realignments reflect efforts by these actors to incorporate lessons from the genetically modified organism labeling fight as they seek to reshape the governance of gene editing in a manner that reflects their interests.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Els Belmans, Lieve Borremans, Lone Soderkvist Kristensen, Nicoleta Alina Suciu, Eva Kerselaers
Summary: The research proposes a practical guide for water governance assessment and improvement, consisting of three steps: assessment, implementation of a multi-actor process, and evaluation. Implementing the guide in different action labs showed progress towards goals, with water managers appreciating the integrated approach and the leaders finding the guide hands-on and practical.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. Jean Cadigan, Margaret Waltz, Gail E. Henderson, John M. Conley, Arlene M. Davis, Rami Major, Eric T. Juengst
Summary: This study presents the views of 212 U.S.-based scientists on the governance of human genome editing research. Most scientists do not believe that scientists should self-govern human genome editing research due to conflicts of interest, the inevitability of rare bad apples, historical evidence to the contrary, and the limitations of scientific expertise. Scientists emphasize interdisciplinary professional and public input in governing human gene editing research.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Asaf Tzachor, Medha Devare, Brian King, Shahar Avin, Sean O. Heigeartaigh
Summary: The rapid advancement and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer great potential for global agriculture. AI applications in agriculture can improve crop management and productivity. However, the risks associated with machine learning models, expert systems, and autonomous machines in agriculture are not well understood and appreciated.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kamonashish Haldar, Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld, Marco Schoenmakers, Dilip Kumar Datta, Huub Rijnaarts, Jeroen Vos
Summary: The unplanned use of urban wastewater by peri-urban farmers in developing countries poses risks to the environment and farmers, while planned water reuse can reduce these risks. However, the implementation of planned water reuse requires consideration of stakeholder perceptions and existing organizational structures. The study found that the majority of stakeholders support planned water reuse for peri-urban agriculture.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Gary E. Marchant
Summary: Human gene editing, categorized into somatic therapy, heritable gene editing, genetic enhancement, and research, is subject to varying degrees of governance globally, especially in terms of heritable gene editing and genetic enhancement. The differences in regulatory approaches among different nations highlight the complex nature of human gene editing and call for a polycentric approach in governance.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 22, 2021
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Marcelo Calderon, Sarah Hedtrich
Summary: This article discusses the design and biological assessment of delivery systems for gene editing tools like CRISPR in skin and mucosal surfaces, highlighting the current state-of-the-art, current knowledge, and translational gaps towards improved translation.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lamini Dauda, Xingle Long, Claudia Nyarko Mensah, Sabina Ampon-Wireko
Summary: Environmental pollution has worsened climate change and poses challenges to the survival and development of developing countries. This study adds a new dimension by incorporating corruption into the relationship between agriculture production and the environment, examining its impact on CO2 emissions. The findings suggest that forest and renewable energy consumption can reduce CO2 emissions, while corruption, agriculture production, export, and urbanization can increase CO2 emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. R. Eastwood, J. P. Edwards, J. A. Turner
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of technological change on livestock systems and emphasizes that digital technologies are leading the development of the fourth agricultural revolution. Future trajectories for achieving sustainability and animal welfare outcomes in Agriculture 4.0 are proposed, with an emphasis on the importance of responsible innovation processes.
Article
Agronomy
Amy Cosby, Andrew Lawson, Jane Gudde, Eloise S. Fogarty
Summary: The dairy industry in Australia could contribute to biodiversity loss, hence various forms of governance should be employed, including traditional legislation, persuasive techniques, and voluntary stewardship programs. Support for farmers in improving their capacity and profitability, creating market rewards for pro-conservation behaviors, and enhancing the effectiveness of governance arrangements are key objectives to improve biodiversity conservation on dairy farms. Strengthening mechanisms around farmers' self-reporting of performance is also crucial to help the industry refute greenwashing claims and maintain environmental credentials globally.
Article
Geography
Sonja Lindberg, Carmen Bain, Theresa Selfa
Summary: This study examines how proponents and critics of gene editing in agriculture and food utilize expectations-discourses to shape the regulation and agro-food systems within the EU. Through interviews and media articles, the study identifies divergent expectations between the two groups and highlights the influence of concerns about path dependencies in technological innovations and agro-food systems on emerging perspectives. The study argues for the importance of engaging with these concerns in the governance of gene editing in agriculture and food.
SOCIOLOGIA RURALIS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Adam E. Kokotovich, Jennifer Kuzma, Christopher L. Cummings, Khara Grieger
Summary: Researchers in the field of nano-agrifoods mainly focus on responsible innovation in terms of product safety, efficacy, and efficiency, but there are noteworthy tensions surrounding other RI principles. There are varying perspectives on inclusion and motivations for pursuing RI within this group of researchers.
