Article
Cell Biology
Yingge Li, Xiaoya Zhou, Chen Cheng, Guangming Ding, Peng Zhao, Kai Tan, Lixia Chen, Norbert Perrimon, Jan A. Veenstra, Luoying Zhang, Wei Song
Summary: Severe sleep deprivation is associated with systemic energy wasting, and in this study, it was found that the gut-peptide hormone AstA plays an essential role in mediating this energy wasting. AstA promotes the release of the adipokinetic hormone Akh, which mobilizes systemic energy reserves. This regulation of energy metabolism by AstA was observed in both flies and mice, and the molecular mechanisms involved were also elucidated.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dennis Pauls, Mareike Selcho, Johanna Raederscheidt, Kelechi M. Amatobi, Agnes Fekete, Markus Krischke, Christiane Hermann-Luibl, Ayten Gizem Ozbek-Unal, Nadine Ehmann, Pavel M. Itskov, Robert J. Kittel, Charlotte Helfrich-Foerster, Ronald P. Kuehnlein, Martin J. Mueller, Christian Wegener
Summary: Animals need to balance competitive behaviors to maintain internal homeostasis, which typically involves neuroendocrine signaling. In this study using Drosophila, it was found that AKH signals via two divergent pathways to balance activity levels under ad libitum access to food, with one pathway increasing activity during the day through the octopaminergic system, and the other preventing high activity levels during the night by signaling to the fat body. This regulation also involves feedback signaling from octopaminergic neurons to AKH-producing cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Basma Radwan, Gloria Jansen, Dipesh Chaudhury
Summary: There is a tight association between mood and sleep, with disrupted sleep being a core feature of many mood disorders. Our study found that fragmented NREM sleep may signal vulnerability to stress, with susceptible mice showing increased fragmentation of NREM sleep before chronic social defeat (CSD) stress compared to resilient mice.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
June J. Pilcher, Logan L. Dorsey, Samantha M. Galloway, Dylan N. Erikson
Summary: This article provides a review of the relationship between social isolation and sleep, examining the impact of COVID-19 quarantines on sleep and sleep habits. The findings suggest that sleep was negatively impacted during the pandemic, although younger individuals were able to adapt their sleep patterns more easily. Understanding the effects of social isolation on sleep is crucial for individuals, work organizations, and governments.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph L. Bedont, Anna Kolesnik, Pavel Pivarshev, Dania Malik, Cynthia T. Hsu, Aalim Weljie, Amita Sehgal
Summary: Chronic sleep loss has significant effects on metabolic health and lifespan. The metabolic consequences of chronically reduced sleep were investigated in three adult Drosophila short-sleeping mutants. The results suggest that nitrogen stress could be a mechanism linking chronic sleep loss to adverse health outcomes and potentially connecting food and sleep homeostasis at the cellular level in healthy organisms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johanna E. Elsensohn, Marwa F. K. Aly, Coby Schal, Hannah J. Burrack
Summary: Female insects perceive and use complex information during oviposition site selection, with interactions varying by species and ecological niche. Larval presence and host marking influence oviposition behavior in D. suzukii, with adult marking deterring oviposition in certain conditions. These findings suggest the presence of a host marking pheromone in Drosophila and may provide insights into infestation and preference patterns within crop fields and natural areas.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yifan Xu, Xingyou Liu, Hao Tang, Lichao Zhong, Xiang Zhu, Jie Shen
Summary: Trehalose is widely used as a food additive, but recent studies have found harmful effects. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, it was found that high concentrations of trehalose can significantly shorten the lifespan of female flies by 12.5% when compared to controls.
PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Corbin S. C. Johnson, Brett M. Frye, Thomas C. Register, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Carol A. Shively
Summary: Dietary composition is associated with the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, with the Western diet increasing the risk while the Mediterranean diet reducing the risk. In nonhuman primates, diet composition may affect immune system function through its effects on behavior. A randomized preclinical trial on middle-aged female cynomolgus macaques showed that the Mediterranean diet improved social behavior, reduced social isolation and anxiety, potentially mitigating social isolation-associated disorders.
Article
Cell Biology
Ayelen Valko, Sebastian Perez-Pandolfo, Eleonora Sorianello, Andreas Brech, Pablo Wappner, Mariana Melani
Summary: Hypoxia induces autophagy in Drosophila melanogaster, which is essential for adaptation and survival. The process involves a bona fide autophagic response with waves of autophagosome formation and maturation, and is induced cell autonomously in different tissues. Autophagy under hypoxic conditions can be studied using D. melanogaster as a model organism, offering insights into its role in hypoxia-associated pathologies and developmentally regulated processes.
Article
Immunology
Andrea Du Preez, Diletta Onorato, Inez Eiben, Ksenia Musaelyan, Martin Egeland, Patricia A. Zunszain, Cathy Fernandes, Sandrine Thuret, Carmine M. Pariante
Summary: The study found that the UCMSI model induced depression-like behavioral changes without causing peripheral inflammation. UCMSI animals showed decreased neurogenesis and increased activation of microglial and astrocyte in the hippocampus, as well as a smaller increase in corticosterone levels following acute stress.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jia Jia, Lei He, Junfei Yang, Yichun Shuai, Jingjing Yang, Yalan Wu, Xin Liu, Tianli Chen, Guaxiu Wang, Xingyu Wang, Xiaoxu Song, Zhaowen Ding, Yan Zhu, Li Zhang, Peng Chen, Hongtao Qin
Summary: Chronic stress can induce severe cognitive impairments in Drosophila melanogaster, with long-lasting learning and memory deficits accompanied by depression-like behaviors. Excessive dopaminergic activity is shown to increase susceptibility to chronic stress-induced learning deficits, with specific dopaminergic neurons and mushroom body output neurons playing key roles in regulating this susceptibility. Imaging studies suggest that dopaminergic activity is essential for the development of maladaptations in the mushroom body network induced by chronic stress, leading to CSLD.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiao Wang, Ying Wang, Chao Qiang Jiang, Tong Zhu, Feng Zhu, Ya Li Jin, Wei Sen Zhang, Lin Xu
Summary: This study found an association between social isolation and multiple sleep traits, such as insomnia and poor sleep quality. Using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, genetically predicted insomnia was found to decrease the odds of participating in sports club/gym and religious groups, but not pub/social clubs. However, these social activities were not associated with insomnia itself.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Niyas Rehman, Jishy Varghese
Summary: This study explores the impact of nutrient status during the larval growth phase on adult metabolism in Drosophila, finding that restricted food supply in larvae leads to increased fat reserves and starvation resistance in mature adult flies due to low insulin signalling. The lesser mobilization of stored fat during early adult stages and acute starvation explains the observed metabolic effects. Additionally, larval diet influences the expression of fat mobilization genes in adult flies, contributing to the metabolic phenotypes observed.
Article
Respiratory System
Angela O. Suen, Anand S. Iyer, Irena Cenzer, Erica Farrand, Douglas B. White, Jonathan Singer, Rebecca Sudore, Ashwin Kotwal
Summary: This study investigates the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and finds that nearly one in six adults with COPD experience social isolation, and one in five experience loneliness. The study also reveals that individuals with COPD on supplemental oxygen have a higher risk of social isolation and loneliness compared to the general population.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Shivam Kaushik, Rahul Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Srishti Sanghi, Pinky Kain
Summary: The study aims to understand the effect of gurmar on sweet taste feeding behavior in fruit flies. The results demonstrate that gurmar can inhibit sugar-evoked feeding responses and aversion in flies, and it also has detrimental effects on their development. Understanding how gurmar reshapes taste curves in flies can provide insights into addressing health issues related to high sugar consumption.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yeqing Zong, Haoqian M. Zhang, Cheng Lyu, Xiangyu Ji, Junran Hou, Xian Guo, Qi Ouyang, Chunbo Lou
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrey Lazopulo, Sheyum Syed
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2017)
Article
Biology
Bing Qiao, Chiyuan Li, Victoria W. Allen, Mimi Shirasu-Hiza, Sheyum Syed
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stanislav Lazopulo, Andrey Lazopulo, James D. Baker, Sheyum Syed
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Cai Qi, Irena Feng, Ana Rita Costa, Rita Pinto-Costa, Jennifer E. Neil, Oana Caluseriu, Dong Li, Rebecca D. Ganetzky, Charlotte Brasch-Andersen, Christina Fagerberg, Lars Kjaersgaard Hansen, Caleb Bupp, Colleen Clarke Muraresku, Xiangbin Ruan, Bowei Kang, Kaining Hu, Rong Zhong, Pedro Brites, Elizabeth J. Bhoj, Robert Sean Hill, Marni J. Falk, Hakon Hakonarson, Kristopher T. Kahle, Monica M. Sousa, Christopher A. Walsh, Xiaochang Zhang
Summary: The study reveals that mutations in the ADD1 gene are associated with intellectual disability and brain malformations. ADD1 plays a crucial role in human and mouse neural development, and mutations in ADD1 can lead to corpus callosum dysgenesis, ventriculomegaly, and intellectual disability.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheng Lyu, L. F. Abbott, Gaby Maimon
Summary: The study reveals how the Drosophila central complex performs vector arithmetic by tracking the fly's absolute travelling angle and transforming egocentric to allocentric coordinates. The neural circuit operates by mapping two-dimensional vectors onto sinusoidal patterns across distinct neuronal populations, which could be applicable to other brains and domains beyond navigation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jenny Lu, Amir H. Behbahani, Lydia Hamburg, Elena A. Westeinde, Paul M. Dawson, Cheng Lyu, Gaby Maimon, Michael H. Dickinson, Shaul Druckmann, Rachel I. Wilson
Summary: When animals move, their brains receive information about the body's velocity and heading, which must be transformed into world-centric coordinates for navigation. In the fruit fly brain's fan-shaped body, two cell types jointly encode translational velocity and heading as the fly walks, aiding in path integration during movement.
Review
Neurosciences
Cai Qi, Li-Da Luo, Irena Feng, Shaojie Ma
Summary: Synapses are the basic units in the nervous system for information processing and storage. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis is crucial for circuit assembly and neural computation, as well as for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
FRONTIERS IN SYNAPTIC NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yi Zhu, Amanda G. Lobato, Adriana P. Rebelo, Tijana Canic, Natalie Ortiz-Vega, Xianzun Tao, Sheyum Syed, Christopher Yanick, Mario Saporta, Michael Shy, Riccardo Perfetti, Shoshana Shendelman, Stephan Zuechner, R. Grace Zhai
Summary: In this study, synaptic degeneration, neurotransmission defect, locomotor impairment, and structural abnormalities in neuromuscular junctions were observed in a Drosophila model of SORD deficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation were also found. AT-007, a new drug, significantly reduced sorbitol levels and improved synaptic degeneration, locomotor activity, and mitochondrial function. These findings provide a potential treatment strategy for SORD deficiency.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meghan Pantalia, Zhi Lin, Samantha J. Tener, Bing Qiao, Grace Tang, Matthew Ulgherait, Reed O'Connor, Rebecca Delventhal, Julia Volpi, Sheyum Syed, Nissim Itzhak, Julie C. Canman, Maria de la Paz Fernandez, Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
Summary: In this study, the genetic loss of the enzyme Ebony in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. It was found that ebony mutants exhibited increased aggressive behaviors, decreased courtship behaviors, and increased sleep. Surprisingly, direct measurement of amine neurotransmitters in ebony brains revealed reduced levels, indicating that increased aggression is not consistent with the neurotransmitter profile. Additionally, fights between ebony mutants were less likely to have a clear winner compared to fights between controls.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anmo J. Kim, Lisa M. Fenk, Cheng Lyu, Gaby Maimon