Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eben Gering, Zachary M. Laubach, Patty Sue D. Weber, Gisela Soboll Hussey, Kenna D. S. Lehmann, Tracy M. Montgomery, Julie W. Turner, Wei Perng, Malit O. Pioon, Kay E. Holekamp, Thomas Getty
Summary: Toxoplasma gondii infections in hyena cubs lead to them approaching lions more closely and experiencing higher rates of lion mortality, suggesting the possibility of parasite manipulation of host behavior for transmission to feline hosts. Both scenarios, where the behavior is an extended phenotype of the parasite or where the parasite has not undergone selection for behavior manipulation, have important implications for T. gondii's effects on host behavior and fitness in the wild.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Cruz Sueiro, Cynthia A. Awruch, Gustavo M. Somoza, Walter S. Svagelj, Maria G. Palacios
Summary: According to life-history theory, there might be different immunological strategies between reproductive and non-reproductive periods due to limited resources. Our study on two sympatric marine fish species, rockfish and sandperch, found that reproductive individuals showed lower immune function, but higher levels of natural antibodies in rockfish females, compared to their non-reproductive counterparts. On the other hand, reproductively active sandperch males showed lower levels of natural antibodies and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and spleen index compared to non-reproductive males. The study highlights the species-specific patterns of immunity and the potential influence of resource limitation and abiotic factors on immune trade-offs in fish.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Immunology
Iris Mair, Tom N. McNeilly, Yolanda Corripio-Miyar, Ruth Forman, Kathryn J. Else
Summary: Research dedicated to understanding the immune responses against parasites and their pathology regulation is crucial for improving treatments for parasitic diseases and gaining insights into natural interactions of hosts and parasites. Utilizing non-conventional experimental systems can provide valuable insights into parasite-induced immune responses, supplementing core findings from laboratory studies.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose O. Valdebenito, Naerhulan Halimubieke, Adam Z. Lendvai, Jordi Figuerola, Gotz Eichhorn, Tamas Szekely
Summary: The study found that immune system in birds exhibit both sex differences and seasonal variations, with males showing higher immune responses and abilities during the breeding season. The study also revealed that sex differences in immune status are more pronounced during the breeding period compared to the non-breeding period.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Coraline Bichet, Maria Moiron, Kevin D. Matson, Oscar Vedder, Sandra Bouwhuis
Summary: Studies on common tern populations have shown no clear signs of senescence in haemagglutination titre and haptoglobin concentration, possibly due to immune parameter canalisation or the colonial breeding behavior of the study species. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the links between species characteristics and immunosenescence in wild animals.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ghada Tafesh-Edwards, Ananda Kalukin, Dean Bunnell, Stanislava Chtarbanova, Ioannis Eleftherianos
Summary: By studying a Drosophila mutant, researchers have found that temperature variability plays a key role in Zika virus pathogenesis, leading to host mortality and motor dysfunction. They also discovered that the virus primarily targets the brain and activates RNAi and apoptotic immune responses. These findings provide an in vivo model to study host innate immune responses and highlight the importance of evaluating neurodegenerative deficits as potential comorbidities in Zika virus-infected adults.
Review
Oncology
Yaiza Senent, Daniel Ajona, Antonio Gonzalez-Martin, Ruben Pio, Beatriz Tavira
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecological cancer where the immune system, particularly the complement system, plays a crucial role. Current therapeutic strategies can only temporarily control the disease, with many patients developing resistance to treatment. Immunotherapy has shown limited success in ovarian cancer, highlighting the need for further research into immune components for more effective treatment options.
Article
Ecology
Morgane Gicquel, Marion L. East, Heribert Hofer, Sarah Benhaiem
Summary: Studies have shown that encountering multiple sources of adversity in childhood increases the risk of poor long-term health and premature death. This study focuses on the spotted hyena and examines the cumulative effects of adversity during early life, including ecological, maternal, social, and demographic factors, on its performance and fitness. The results suggest that the combination of specific conditions in early life may matter more than the accumulation of adverse conditions as such.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lukas Muri, Emma Ispasanie, Anna Schubart, Christine Thorburn, Natasa Zamurovic, Thomas Holbro, Michael Kammueller, Gerd Pluschke
Summary: Two different physiological opsonophagocytosis assay formats yielded consistent results, emphasizing the importance of alternative complement pathway activation for efficient killing in vaccine-naive individuals. In contrast, alternative pathway inhibition did not affect pneumococcal killing in PCV13-vaccinated subjects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nicole M. Wilkinson, Ho-Chung Chen, Melissa G. Lechner, Maureen A. Su
Summary: Strong epidemiological evidence supports the important role of sex as a biologic variable in immunity, particularly in relation to COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms of sex differences in immune-mediated conditions still require further investigation. Recent experimental data have provided insights into how sex-defining factors impact immune responses and have potential implications for personalized patient care. This review focuses on recent findings regarding sex differences in autoimmunity, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cancer immunotherapy, and emphasizes the importance of understanding these mechanisms for the development of sex-based approaches to disease screening and treatment.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ying Zhang, Ying-Kit Cheung, Dennis K. P. Ng, Wing-Ping Fong
Summary: This study demonstrates that photodynamic therapy can not only kill tumor cells directly but also trigger an anti-tumor immune response. The serum from VPDT-cured mice possesses immunomodulatory properties, stimulating cytokine secretions and activating immune cells. Additionally, the VPDT-cured mice exhibit varying degrees of resistance against challenges from different types of tumor cells.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Korsten, Bjoern Tampe
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the decline of kidney function and involvement of the complement system. This study found a mechanistic link between SGLT-2 and the synthesis of complement component C5 in the tubulointerstitial compartment, suggesting their roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Intrarenal expression of SGLT-2 and complement synthesis were associated with metabolic processes and signaling pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Foo Cheung, Richard Apps, Lesia Dropulic, Yuri Kotliarov, Jinguo Chen, Tristan Jordan, Marc Langweiler, Julian Candia, Angelique Biancotto, Kyu Lee Han, Nicholas Rachmaninoff, Harlan Pietz, Kening Wang, John S. Tsang, Jeffrey Cohen
Summary: This study investigated immune responses to a herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) vaccine in men and women. The results showed that HSV2-naive women had the strongest early transcriptional responses, characterized by prominent expression of type I interferon (IFN) signatures, which were negatively associated with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers. On the other hand, HSV2 seropositive individuals tended to have responses focused on type II IFN (IFN-gamma) genes.
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca L. Ursin, Santosh Dhakal, Hsuan Liu, Sahana Jayaraman, Han-Sol Park, Harrison R. Powell, Morgan L. Sherer, Kirsten E. Littlefield, Ashley L. Fink, Zexu Ma, Alice L. Mueller, Allison P. Chen, Kumba Seddu, Yishak A. Woldetsadik, Patricia J. Gearhart, H. Benjamin Larman, Robert W. Maul, Andrew Pekosz, Sabra L. Klein
Summary: Adult females develop stronger antibody responses to influenza vaccines compared to males, and this gender difference is observed in both humans and mice. Females also show better protection against the vaccine virus and mutant strains, with lower virus titers and reduced morbidity. The higher antibody response in females is attributed to the production of class-switched, somatically hypermutated antibodies generated in germinal center B cells, which recognize a greater number of unique hemagglutinin antigen epitopes. The mechanisms underlying female-biased immunity and protection differ between males and females, highlighting the need to consider this gender difference in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Christian Damgaard, Laura Massarenti, Anne Katrine Danielsen, Jonas H. Graversen, Palle Holmstrup, Claus H. Nielsen, Yaseelan Palarasah
Summary: Complement activation is increased in patients with periodontitis, but there is no difference between PD-B and PD-C. PD-B is associated with systemic complement activation.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Kirsty L. Nash, Ingrid Van Putten, Karen Alexander, Christopher Cvitanovic, Silvana Bettiol, Anna K. Farmery, Emily J. Flies, Sierra Ison, Rachel Kelly, Mary Mackay, Linda Murray, Kimberley Norris, Lucy M. Robinson, Jennifer Scott, Delphi Ward, Joanna Vince
Summary: The concentration of human population along coastlines has significant impacts on ocean and societal health. Two scenarios for 2030 are proposed: 'Command and (out of) Control' focusing on the current trajectory, and 'Living and Connecting' emphasizing interactions between oceans and society to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Actions towards the latter scenario include improving marine citizenship, equitable power distribution, economic incentives for sustainability, and stronger regulations for ocean and human health.
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Craig R. Williams, Sophie M. Burnell, Michelle Rogers, Emily J. Flies, Katherine L. Baldock
Summary: The increasing urbanization has negative impacts on human health, but exposure to natural environments (NEs) may improve health and wellbeing. The mechanisms by which NEs can improve health are explained by Stress Reduction Theory, Attention Restoration Theory, and the 'Old Friends'/biodiversity hypothesis. Citizen Science programs that facilitate exposure to NEs and social activity can potentially advance public health policy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sisitha Jayasinghe, Emily J. Flies, Robert Soward, Dave Kendal, Michelle Kilpatrick, Verity Cleland, Rebecca Roberts, Fadhillah Norzahari, Melanie Davern, Timothy P. Holloway, Sandra Murray, Kira A. E. Patterson, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Roger Hughes, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills
Summary: This research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural areas of Tasmania. The study found that most schools had high-quality PA infrastructure, good walkability, but an abundance of food outlets selling processed unhealthy food.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Gabriella Allegretto, Dave Kendal, Emily J. Flies
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on urban forests and explored the relationship between urban forest quality and socio-economic status and race. The majority of studies found evidence of inequality in urban forest quality, but there were also studies that found contrasting patterns.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chrissie E. B. Ong, Yuanyuan Cheng, Hannah V. Siddle, A. Bruce Lyons, Gregory M. Woods, Andrew S. Flies
Summary: MHC-I and MHC-II molecules play critical roles in antigen presentation and T cell immunity. Two transmissible devil facial tumours (DFT1 and DFT2) exploit the MHC-I pathway to overcome immune and allogeneic barriers. This study reveals that overexpression of NLRC5 regulates the MHC-I pathway and raises interest in the expression of MHC-II in tumor cells. This finding has important implications for immunotherapy and cancer vaccine research.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ahab N. Kayigwe, Jocelyn M. Darby, A. Bruce Lyons, Amanda L. Patchett, Leszek Lisowski, Guei-Sheung Liu, Andrew S. Flies
Summary: The devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) has caused a decline in the wild Tasmanian devil population, but a human adenovirus has the potential to serve as a vaccine platform for devils and other marsupials.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Grace G. Russell, Chiara Palmieri, Jocelyn Darby, Gary P. Morris, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Ruth J. Pye, Andrew S. Flies
Summary: The Tasmanian devil population has experienced a significant decline due to two clonal transmissible cancers known as DFT1 and DFT2. These cancers frequently spread to the lymph nodes and employ various immune evasion mechanisms, such as downregulation of MHC-I by DFT1 cells and constitutive expression of MHC-I by DFT2 cells. The study found that PD1/PDL1 expression, which plays a role in tumor immunity, was higher in lymph nodes containing DFT2 metastases compared to DFT1. This suggests that targeting PD1/PDL1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating these transmissible tumors.
IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Michal Vinkler, Steven R. Fiddaman, Martin Tesicky, Emily A. O'Connor, Anna E. Savage, Tobias L. Lenz, Adrian L. Smith, Jim Kaufman, Daniel I. Bolnick, Charli S. Davies, Neira Dedic, Andrew S. Flies, M. Mercedes Gomez Samblas, Amberleigh E. Henschen, Karel Novak, Gemma Palomar, Nynke Raven, Kalifa Samake, Joel Slade, Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil, Eleni Voukali, Jacob Hoglund, David S. Richardson, Helena Westerdahl
Summary: Driven by co-evolution with pathogens, host immunity continuously adapts to optimize defence against pathogens within a given environment. Recent advances in genetics, genomics and transcriptomics have enabled a more detailed investigation into how immunogenetic variation shapes the diversity of immune responses seen across domestic and wild animal species. However, a deeper understanding of the diverse molecular mechanisms that shape immunity within and among species is still needed to gain insight into-and generate evolutionary hypotheses on-the ultimate drivers of immunological differences.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Andrew S. S. Flies, Emily J. J. Flies, Nicholas M. M. Fountain-Jones, Ruth E. E. Musgrove, Rodrigo K. K. Hamede, Annie Philips, Matthew R. F. Perrott, Magdalena Dunowska
Summary: Wildlife is a significant source of emerging infectious diseases, including viruses from the order Nidovirales. This mini-review summarizes key findings on nidoviruses in vertebrate wildlife, focusing on two suborders: Arnidovirineae and Tornidovirineae. The available data on biology, disease associations, pathology, host population infections, and transmission routes are presented. Field-based studies and laboratory-based research are needed to understand virus-host-environment interactions, pathogenesis, and evolutionary histories of novel nidoviruses.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Emily J. Flies, Anita Pryor, Claire Henderson-Wilson, Megan Turner, Jessica Roydhouse, Rebecca Patrick, Melissa O'Shea, Kimberly Norris, Angela Martin, Pauline Marsh, Larissa Bartlett, Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi, Amanda Neil
Summary: More than 60% of mental health disorders worldwide are identified as emerging before the age of 25. In Australia, young people have the highest prevalence of mental health problems. Outdoor talking therapies have the potential to expand mental health services and address the shortages in youth mental healthcare.
JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Amanda L. Neil, Anita Pryor, Jessica Kneebone, Emily J. Flies
Summary: Outdoor mental healthcare encompasses a range of therapies that apply diverse theoretical approaches and treatments in various settings, for different patient groups and desired outcomes, unified by key evidence-informed practice elements.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Geography
Pauline Marsh, Stuart Auckland, Todd Dudley, Dave Kendal, Emily Flies
Summary: Ecological restoration has potential benefits for both the environment and human health. However, there are knowledge gaps and limited research on the wellbeing benefits of restoration in rural areas, which suffer from ecological degradation and poor health outcomes. This study explores the impacts of ecological restoration on participant health and community-wide benefits in a rural municipality in Australia.
WELLBEING SPACE AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sean Dempsey, Ruth J. Pye, Amy T. Gilbert, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Jennifer M. Moffat, Sarah Benson-Amram, Timothy J. Smyser, Andrew S. Flies
Summary: This study found that both captive and wild devils are willing to accept and consume placebo versions of commercial baits, but bait dispensers or modified baiting strategies are needed to increase bait uptake by devils.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Spenser Y. Chen, Lisa Chamberlain, Olga Saynina, Susan M. Fernandes, Emily E. Johnston