Heavy elements in barium stars

New elemental abundances for the neutron-capture elements Sr, Nb, Mo, Ru, La, Sm, and Eu are presented for a large sample of 180 barium (Ba) giant stars, a class of chemically peculiar objects that exhibit in their spectra enhancements of the elements created by the s-process, as a consequence of mass transfer between the components of a binary system. The content of heavy elements in these stars, in fact, points to nucleosynthesis mechanisms that took place within a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion, now an invisible white dwarf. From high-resolution (R = 48 000) spectra in the optical, we derived the abundances either by equivalent width measurements or synthetic spectra computations, and compared them with available data for field giant and dwarf stars in the same range of metallicity. A re-determination of La abundances resulted in [La/Fe] ratios up to 1.2 dex lower than values previously reported in literature. The programme Ba stars show overabundance of neutron-capture elements, except for Eu, for which the observational data set behave similarly to field stars. Comparison to model predictions are satisfactory for second-to-first s-process peak ratios (e.g. [La/Sr]) and the ratios of the predominantly r-process element Eu to La. However, the observed [Nb, Mo, Ru/Sr] and [Ce, Nd, Sm/La] ratios show median values higher or at the upper limits of the ranges of the model predictions. This unexplained feature calls for new neutron capture models to be investigated.

Automated summary

A new study presents elemental abundances for neutron-capture elements in 180 barium giant stars, revealing discrepancies in La abundances compared to previous literature. The data set shows an overabundance of neutron-capture elements in these stars, but behaves similarly to field stars in some aspects. While model predictions match observations in certain ratios, discrepancies are found in other ratios, requiring further investigation into neutron capture models.