Article
Energy & Fuels
M. N. A. Mukhtar, Ftwi Y. Hagos, Abd Rashid Abd Aziz, Abdul Adam Abdulah, Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim
Summary: The study shows that the diesel engine running on tri-fuel emulsions exhibits positive combustion characteristics improvement, especially in terms of heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure during the ignition delay period.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sujeet Kesharvani, Gaurav Dwivedi, Tikendra Nath Verma, Puneet Verma
Summary: Algae are considered a favorable feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production, and the addition of ethanol can further enhance performance and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Experimental studies were conducted using different fuel blends of diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol, revealing that brake thermal efficiency decreased with B10 and B20 blends but increased with ethanol addition. However, specific fuel consumption increased with the blends compared to diesel fuel. Combustion characteristics improved with increasing concentrations of biodiesel and ethanol, but particulate matter, smoke emissions, and CO2 were slightly reduced while NOx emissions increased. Adding 5% ethanol to B5 fuel further decreased emissions. Among the blends tested, ethanol blended fuel showed more promising results in terms of combustion, performance, and lower emissions compared to diesel fuel.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ibham Veza, Aslan Deniz Karaoglan, Erol Ileri, S. A. Kaulani, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Z. A. Latiff, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said, Anh Tuan Hoang, K. Yatish, M. Idris
Summary: The recently invented grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) was used to optimize the performance and emissions of a diesel engine running on a ternary fuel blend. Regression modeling was used to calculate the mathematical equations between the factors (ethanol ratio, biodiesel ratio, engine load) and the responses (BSFC, BTE, HC, CO2, NOx, CO). The results showed that the grasshopper optimization algorithm successfully maximized BTE and minimized the other responses, indicating its potential for improving engine performance and emissions.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Siraj Sayyed, Randip Kumar Das, Kishor Kulkarni, Tabish Alam, Sayed M. Eldin
Summary: Automobile pollution has caused significant environmental degradation and climate change. Research is being done to find alternative fuels that can improve efficiency and reduce emissions. This study focuses on the performance and emission characteristics of a DICI-VCR engine using ethanol and Al2O3 nanoparticle blended biodiesel. The results show a decrease in performance and an increase in certain emissions compared to pure diesel.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Krishna Shrivastava, S. S. Thipse, I. D. Patil
Summary: This study examines the use of Karanja biodiesel, ethanol, and diesel blends in the Indian subcontinent, focusing on the effects on engine performance, emissions, and combustion responses. Experimental results show that while using these biofuels can reduce emissions compared to using diesel, there are some negative impacts on engine performance.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Korosh Mahmodi, Mostafa Mostafaei, Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh
Summary: This study used an electronic nose, artificial neural network, and response surface method to analyze various biodiesel and petroleum diesel blended fuels. The results showed that the artificial neural network method achieved a 100% accuracy in classifying and discriminating pure biodiesel fuels, while the response surface method had an accuracy of 92.4%. The artificial neural network method also demonstrated high accuracy in identifying and classifying different blended fuels, with accuracies ranging from 96.5% to 100%.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ping Yi, Tie Li, Yunpeng Fu, Siyu Xie
Summary: The study focuses on the micro-explosion of blended ethanol-diesel droplets under diesel engine-like conditions, using a model to predict the bubble generation, growth, and explosion process. It is found that the heat transfer rate and superheat limit are predominant factors under low pressures, while the competition among evaporation rate, heating rate, transcritical transition, and bubble growth rate determines the micro-explosion under higher pressures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuwei Zhao, Ting Li, Tianlin Niu, Wenxiu Zheng, Yijing Xie, E. Weibo
Summary: This study investigates the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn). The results showed that the coal-based diesel blends had slightly lower output torques and powers compared to petroleum diesel fuel. The addition of PODEn improved emission characteristics but reduced the engine power and torque.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed El-Adawy
Summary: To enhance the performance and combustion attributes of a diesel engine, this study utilizes different blends of diesel, second generation biodiesel, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The addition of ZnO compensates for the poor combustion characteristic of biodiesel, leading to improved engine torque and reduced fuel consumption. The inclusion of ZnO also enhances the engine heat release rate, ignition delay period, and in-cylinder pressure.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
T. Sathish, V. Mohanavel, M. Arunkumar, K. Rajan, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. A. Mujtaba, Saleh H. Salmen, Sami Al Obaid, H. Fayaz, S. Sivakumar
Summary: This study focuses on the application of a blend of Azadirachta indica biofuel and ethanol in internal combustion engines. The results show that these blends exhibit higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions compared to conventional diesel fuel.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Velmurugan Kulanthaivel, Arunprasad Jayaraman, Thirugnanasambantham Rajamanickam, Sugumar Selvam
Summary: Green biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel are being considered as potential solutions to reduce pollutant emissions and decrease society's reliance on fossil fuels. Experimental evaluations on ternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol in a diesel engine show improvements in engine performance, optimization of fuel injection timing, and effects of ethanol on combustion delay. Specific conditions of rotation, torque, and fuel injection moments are considered to determine the effects of different ethanol proportions on efficiency in the engine supplied with blends.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
H. Srikanth, G. Sharanappa, Bhaskar Manne, S. Bharath Kumar
Summary: The study showed that the use of Niger seed oil biodiesel as an emulsifier for diesel-ethanol blends exhibited promising performance in a diesel engine. The highest brake thermal efficiency was observed with the DE15B10 blend, while blends DE5B20, DE10B20 and DE15B20 increased brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel. Overall, diesohol-biodiesel blends demonstrated lower fuel consumption and decreased emissions, making them a viable alternative fuel for unmodified diesel engines.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Frank T. Hong, Eshan Singh, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: The study found that adding ethanol to diesel fuel increases wear rates, leading to reduced lubricity. As ethanol content increases, there are more metal-to-metal contacts and thinner fuel films.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Vergel-Ortega, G. Valencia-Ochoa, J. Duarte-Forero
Summary: This study investigates the use of ethanol as an additive in biodiesel blends derived from palm oil and sunflower oil residues, finding that ethanol incorporation can improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions levels in diesel engines. Integrating biodiesel and ethanol emerges as a promising alternative for reliable and sustainable operation.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhicong Qiu, Junjian Tian, Yu Liu, Hao Sun, Zhanshi Ni, Qizhao Lin, Liqun He
Summary: In this study, the expansion and evaporation characteristics of ethanol-biodiesel mixed droplets were investigated under different coal slime particle content and different particle size using the single droplet suspension method. Experimental results showed that the addition of micron-sized slime particles increased the evaporation rate of the droplets. The total evaporation rate of the droplets increased with increasing slime particle content, with the shortest total evaporation time observed for fuel droplets containing 3% slime particles. The stable evaporation rate of the droplets first decreased and then increased, with the highest stable evaporation rate observed for droplets containing 1% coal slime particles. Furthermore, at the same particle content, droplets containing 60 μm slime particles exhibited the fastest evaporation rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.