Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fangbin Deng, Guang Yang, Siyu Zhou, Bin Wu, Lanyun Qin, Jianshen Zheng
Summary: In this study, a maraging steel was fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited and ageing samples were analyzed. The results show that solid-solution heat treatment can eliminate anisotropy and greatly improve elongation. Additionally, the twins of martensite lath formed during solution can enhance strength but decrease impact toughness.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ikumu Watanabe, Ta-Te Chen, Sachiko Taniguchi, Houichi Kitano
Summary: This paper investigates the microstructural heterogeneity and deformation mechanism of duplex multilayer steel structures fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The study reveals that the austenite phase transformed into the martensite phase during tensile testing, leading to the generation of a two-stage stress-strain curve.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guang Yang, Fangbin Deng, Siyu Zhou, Bin Wu, Lanyun Qin, Jianshen Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the effects of using shielding gases with different nitrogen concentrations on the microstructures and mechanical properties of SHER-120G maraging steel fabricated by WAAM. The results show that higher nitrogen concentrations significantly increase the nitrogen and austenite content in the specimens while inhibiting delta-ferrite formation. Nitrogen also reacts with Cr to form Cr2N, playing a crucial role in the process of martensite lath refinement.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Alfredo Suarez, Asier Panfilo, Eider Aldalur, Fernando Veiga, Pablo Gomez
Summary: This paper presents the integration of manufacturing solutions based on direct energy deposition technologies, which utilize bimetallic materials to improve the final properties of parts. The experimental fabrication of defect-free bimetallic walls from different steels is introduced for the first time.
CIRP JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lulu Guo, Lina Zhang, Joel Andersson, Olanrewaju Ojo
Summary: In this study, multiple layers of C250 maraging steel were deposited into a single-wall structure using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The microstructural characteristics of the as-deposited C250 steel were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show the presence of lath martensite and austenite phases, as well as Laves phase Fe2Ti particles which have not been reported before in C250 steel.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Batuhan Turgut, Ugur Gurol, Recep Onler
Summary: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has attracted significant attention for its high productivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of application. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of the process with considerable heat input still poses challenges for predictable WAAM of components with designed properties. This experimental study investigates the effect of interlayer dwell time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon low alloy steel components fabricated by WAAM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mingcai Pan, Junqiang Xu, Ningning Liang, Yong Peng, Qi Zhou, Kehong Wang
Summary: A laminated heterostructured material (LHM) was prepared using wire and arc additive manufacturing method, and its microstructure, chemical composition, texture, and mechanical properties were investigated. The study found deviations in chemical composition and differences in microstructure in different regions of the LHM. Furthermore, the LHM exhibited improved plasticity and mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Qingxian Hu, Xiaoli Wang, Xinwang Shen, Zemin Tan
Summary: The bimetallic Q345/308 additive manufacturing samples had higher hardness and improved corrosion resistance compared to samples made with single wire feedings.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
L. Palmeira Belotti, J. A. W. van Dommelen, M. G. D. Geers, C. Goulas, W. Ya, J. P. M. Hoefnagels
Summary: The microstructure of a thick 316LSi WAAM part was characterized in detail, revealing large and highly-oriented columnar grains with specific texture distribution and internal microstructure, correlated to the building direction and thermal gradient.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yao Xu, Brajendra Mishra, Sneha P. Narra
Summary: Wire arc additive manufacturing is a suitable manufacturing process for large-scale components due to its high deposition rates and low feedstock costs. However, the thermal cycles and heat accumulation in this process can result in microstructural transformations, making it necessary to study the process-structure-property relations.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Krzysztof Pancikiewicz
Summary: This study examined the flux-cored wire arc additive manufacturing process and a part made of 18Ni-12Co-4Mo-Ti maraging steel. The manufactured part underwent a detailed analysis including chemical composition, macro- and microscopic examination, and hardness measurements. The results showed layers with different characteristics and a variety of precipitates present in the microstructure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bunty Tomar, S. Shiva
Summary: The novel exploration of fabricating steel and copper bimetallic material through CMT-WAAM was carried out successfully, resulting in a graded structure. The study observed the distribution and morphology changes of iron phase within the copper layers, as well as the consistency between hardness, grain size, and phase precipitation.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Y. Hong, D. D. Dong, S. S. Lin, W. Wang, C. M. Tang, T. C. Kuang, M. J. Dai
Summary: Enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of SLM maraging steel was achieved through plasma nitriding, which resulted in a nitrided layer with N-rich bright white outer layer and Mo-rich diffusion inner layer. The directly nitrided sample without heat treatment demonstrated the best mechanical properties, attributed to the strong Mo segregation and a novel nitriding structure induced by additive manufacturing. This novel nitriding structure benefits strengthening and toughening, and encourages the formation of a self-lubricating film.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Izhar Hussain Shah, Nicolas Hadjipantelis, Lulu Walter, Rupert J. Myers, Leroy Gardner
Summary: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) allows for the production of lightweight structural components with topologically optimised geometries. A life cycle assessment comparing WAAM steel beams with conventional hot-rolled steel I-beams shows that WAAM beams have lower climate change impact by 7% for carbon steel and 24% for stainless steel. It is concluded that WAAM can reduce CO2-eq. emissions if a mass reduction of around 50% is achieved and if measures such as topology optimisation are employed. Additionally, the environmental impact of WAAM can be further reduced by improving deposition rates or using renewable energy sources.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Blazej Tomiczek, Przemyslaw Snopinski, Wojciech Borek, Mariusz Krol, Ana Romero Gutierrez, Grzegorz Matula
Summary: In this article, hot compression tests were conducted on additively produced 18Ni-300 maraging steel. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred at high strain rates and high deformation temperatures, while dynamic recovery (DRV) dominated at lower deformation temperatures and strain rates. The material constants were evaluated using the experimental flow stress data, confirming the hot workability of the specimens. These findings can be used for the development of novel postprocessing technologies for AM maraging steel parts.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmad Mirzaei, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Vanessa K. Peterson, Ehsan Farabi, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of parent austenite grain refinement on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel. It found that refining the parent austenite grain led to a decrease in the fraction of certain boundaries in the martensite and an increase in the connectivity of low energy boundaries, ultimately improving the impact toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. L. Church, C. E. P. Talbot, L. D. Connor, S. Michalik, N. G. Jones
Summary: Metastable beta Ti alloys based on the Ti-Nb system have attracted attention due to their unique properties. However, the unstable cyclic behavior of these alloys has hindered their widespread industrial use. Recent studies have shown that internal stresses, including those from dislocations, may be responsible for this behavior. This study demonstrates that inter-cycle thermal treatments can mitigate the unstable cyclic behavior, providing a significant breakthrough in our understanding of Ti-Nb superelastic materials.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Di Zhao, Chenchen Zhao, Ziyang Xiu, Jiuchun Yan
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy for achieving the bonding of SiC ceramic and Al alloy using ultrasound. The ultrasound promotes the dissolution of Al into the solder, activating the solder and triggering the interfacial reaction between SiC ceramic and solder. With increasing ultrasonic duration, the bonding between SiC and Al transitions from partial to full metallurgical bonding.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kang Du, Yang Zhang, Guangda Zhao, Tao Huang, Liyuan Liu, Junpeng Li, Xiyu Wang, Zhongwu Zhang
Summary: This paper systematically investigated the evolution of microstructure in Fe-Ni-Co-Al polycrystalline alloys and its effects on mechanical properties. The results revealed that the migration of grain boundaries in different processes is driven by different factors, which impacts the grain orientation and precipitate formation. In the process of directional recrystallization, grains with specific orientations grow in the grain boundary region and form the dominant orientation, while grains with lower migration rate form the minor orientation. The alloy produced through directional recrystallization exhibited good recoverable strain and superelastic strain, while the alloy produced through solid solution treatment showed no evident superelastic behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Edohamen Awannegbe, Liang Chen, Yue Zhao, Zhijun Qiu, Huijun Li
Summary: This study employed laser metal deposition to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% alloy, and subsequently subjected it to post-fabrication uniaxial thermomechanical processing. The results showed that different zones in the microstructure remained after processing, and deformation mechanisms mainly involved slip and martensite formation. The compressive mechanical properties were found to be dependent on strain rate, with higher flow stress and compressive strength observed at higher strain rates. Grain structure homogenisation was not achieved, leading to anisotropic tensile properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Reza Khatib Zadeh Davani, Enyinnaya George Ohaeri, Sandeep Yadav, Jerzy A. Szpunar, Jing Su, Michael Gaudet, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Arafin
Summary: This research aims to investigate the effect of roughing and finishing reductions on crystallographic texture. The results show significant heterogeneity in the centerline region, with higher intensity of certain textures. Drop Weight Tear Test indicates that steel specimens with lower and medium reductions exhibit superior low-temperature impact toughness compared to steel with higher reductions. The electrochemical hydrogen charging experiments confirm the presence of internal hydrogen cracks only in steel with lower and medium reductions.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Flavio De Barbieri, Denis Jorge-Badiola, Rodrigo Allende, Karem Tello, Alfredo Artigas, Franco Perazzo, Henry Jami, Juan Perez Ipina
Summary: This study examines the effect of Cr additions on the mechanical behavior of TWIP steel at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 350°C. The results indicate that different temperature-dependent strengthening mechanisms, including mechanical twinning, Dynamic Strain Aging, and slip bands, are at play. The stacking fault energy (SFE) influences the percentage of mechanical twinning, which in turn affects the strain hardening rate.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanlin Peng, Siming Huang, Ling Hu, Bingbing Luo, Liejun Li, Ian Baker
Summary: This study explores the weldability, microstructures, and mechanical properties of two L1(2)-nanoparticle-strengthened medium-entropy alloys after electron beam welding (EBW). The results show that strong yet ductile defect-free joints were produced, with larger grain sizes in the fusion zones compared to the heat-affected zones and base materials. Both EBWed MEAs exhibited high yield strengths, high ultimate tensile strengths, and good fracture strains at 77 K. The V-doping improved the cryogenic mechanical properties of the TMT MEA.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxin Wang, Lei Chen, Lizi Shao, Shuo Hao, Motomichi Koyama, Xingzhou Cai, Xiaocong Ma, Miao Jin
Summary: This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of an Mn-N bearing lean duplex stainless steel with metastable austenite. The results showed that the strain rate had significant influence on the work hardening, strain-induced martensitic transformation, and fracture mechanism.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jong Woo Won, Seulbi Lee, Hye-Jeong Choe, Yong-Taek Hyun, Dong Won Lee, Jeong Hun Lee
Summary: Cold-rolled pure titanium showed improved sheet formability after undergoing cryogenic-deformation treatment. This treatment increased the thinning capability of the titanium and suppressed cracking during sheet forming. The formation of twins during deformation contributed to high thinning capability and increased strength through grain refinement and dislocation accumulation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Handong Li, Lin Su, Lijuan Wang, Yanbin Jiang, Jiahui Long, Gaoyong Lin, Zhu Xiao, Yanlin Jia, Zhou Li
Summary: Homogenization heat treatment is a key procedure in controlling the second phase, enhancing composition uniformity, and workability of as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy. This study found that electropulsing treatment (EPT) can significantly reduce treatment temperature and time, improve elongation and overall mechanical properties of the alloy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuxuan Wang, Juntao Zou, Lixing Sun, Yunfei Bai, Zhe Zhang, Junsheng Cheng, Lin Shi, Dazhuo Song, Yihui Jiang, Zhiwei Zhang
Summary: A novel mechanical-heat-electricity synergistic method was proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-15Sn-0.3Ti alloy by forming annealing twins (ATs). The combination method of Rotary swaging (RS) and Electric pulse treatment (EPT) successfully induced recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure, leading to a significant increase in the strength of the alloy within a short time.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiyi Ding, Jiangtao Xie, Tong Wang, Aiying Chen, Bin Gan, Jinchao Song
Summary: This study demonstrated the Ta-induced strengthening of CoCrNi-AlTi MEAs using nanoscale heterogeneous coherent precipitates. The addition of Ta and aging treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the alloy, including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Z. Y. You, Z. Y. Tang, B. Wang, H. W. Zhang, P. Li, L. Zhao, F. B. Chu, H. Ding
Summary: The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of C-doped TRIP-assisted HEA under dynamic loading conditions were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that dynamic tensile deformation led to an increase in yield strength and a decrease in ultimate tensile strength, with a trend towards increased total elongation. The primary deformation mechanisms shifted from TRIP and TWIP effects to deformation twinning and dislocations. The presence of carbides formed through C-doping hindered dislocation slip and promoted the activation of multiple twinning systems.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Qin, Feihu Chen, Junhua Hou, Wenjun Lu, Shaohua Chen, Jianjun Li
Summary: Plastic instability in strong multilayered composites is completely suppressed by architecting nanoscale BCC Nb crystalline-amorphous CuNb interfaces.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)