The Placental Ferroxidase Zyklopen Is Not Essential for Iron Transport to the Fetus in Mice

Background: The ferroxidase zyklopen (Zp) has been implicated in the placental transfer of iron to the fetus. However, the evidence for this is largely circumstantial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether Zp is essential for placental iron transfer. Methods: A model was established using 8- to 12-wk-old pregnant C57BL/6 mice on standard rodent chow in which Zp was knocked out in the fetus and fetal components of the placenta. Zp was also disrupted in the entire placenta using global Zp knockout mice. Inductively coupled plasma MS was used to measure total fetal iron, an indicator of the amount of iron transferred by the placenta to the fetus, at embryonic day 18.5 of gestation. Iron transporter expression in the placenta was measured by Western blotting, and the expression of Hamp1, the gene encoding the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, was determined in fetal liver by real-time PCR. Results: There was no change in the amount of iron transferred to the fetus when Zp was disrupted in either the fetal component of the placenta or the entire placenta. No compensatory changes in the expression of the iron transport proteins transferrin receptor 1 or ferroportin were observed, nor was there any change in fetal liver Hamp1 mRNA. Hephl1, the gene encoding Zp, was expressed mainly in the maternal decidua of the placenta and not in the nutrient-transporting syncytiotrophoblast. Disruption of Zp in the whole placenta resulted in a 26% increase in placental size (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our data indicate that Zp is not essential for the efficient transfer of iron to the fetus in mice and is localized predominantly in the maternal decidua. The increase in placental size observed when Zp is knocked out in the entire placenta suggests that this protein may play a role in placental development.

Automated summary

The study showed that Zp is not essential for efficient iron transfer to the fetus in mice, with disruption of Zp resulting in no change in iron transfer amount. Additionally, knocking out Zp in the entire placenta led to an increase in placental size, suggesting a potential role for Zp in placental development.