Article
Mechanics
Rodrigo S. Mitishita, Jordan A. MacKenzie, Gwynn J. Elfring, Ian A. Frigaard
Summary: Research on turbulent flows of high Reynolds number viscoplastic fluids has been conducted, and an experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Carbopol on the rheology and turbulence statistics of the fluid.To increase Reynolds number with a Carbopol solution, streamwise Reynolds stresses approach Newtonian values in the core, suggesting diminishing effects of shear-thinning. The addition of Carbopol enhances turbulence anisotropy and alters energy content at different scales in comparison to water.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Esteban F. Medina-Banuelos, Benjamin M. Marin-Santibanez, Emad Chaparian, Crystal E. Owens, Gareth H. McKinley, Jose Perez-Gonzalez
Summary: It has been discovered that the steady fractal vane-in-cup (fVIC) flow of complex fluids using vanes with fractal cross sections can produce an almost axisymmetric flow field and rotation rate-independent effective radius, making it a reliable measurement tool for complex fluids. However, axial shearing/compression during the insertion of the rheometric tool in the sample also accelerates syneresis, leading to shear banding for Couette and fVIC flows.
JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Farshad Nazari, Kourosh Shoele, Hadi Mohammadigoushki
Summary: We present a study on the locomotion of a helical swimmer in yield stress fluids, which involves three stages. In the first stage, the swimmer needs to overcome the yield strain of the material to achieve rotational motion. However, surpassing the first threshold alone does not lead to locomotion. Only when the viscous forces are strong enough to cause plastic deformation of the material, resulting in movement away from the swimmer, can net locomotion occur. In the third stage of locomotion, the yield stress affects swimming differently at small and large pitch angles, retarding or enhancing the swimming speed respectively. Flow visualizations demonstrate highly localized flow near the swimmer in yield stress fluids.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Jayesha S. Jayaratne, Sarah L. Codd, Rehab N. Al-Kaby, Josephine Maley, Timothy I. Brox, Petrik Galvosas, Joseph D. Seymour
Summary: This study utilizes Rheo-NMR velocimetry to measure the spatial velocity distribution during large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). The measurement provides time dependent spatially resolved local velocity time series, which show distinct features dependent on material response.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vinay Vaibhav, Juergen Horbach, Pinaki Chaudhuri
Summary: Using numerical simulations, this study examines the flow behavior of a model glass-forming binary mixture with large particle size ratio. The research focuses on the rheological response to applied shear in the regime where the larger species dominate spatially. The study shows that as density increases, macroscopic rigidity emerges in the regime where the larger species undergo glass transition while the smaller species remain highly diffusive. The analysis reveals the interplay between shear timescale and quiescent relaxation dynamics of the two species, offering microscopic insights into the observed rheological response. Additionally, by adjusting the composition of the mixture, the study demonstrates that the systematic insertion of smaller particles affects the rheology by reducing system viscosity.
Article
Polymer Science
N'dri Arthur Konan, Eilis Rosenbaum, Mehrdad Massoudi
Summary: In this study, the boundary-layer flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid due to a moving plate is investigated. Computational fluid dynamics and regularization methods are used to solve the governing equations numerically. The results show good agreement between simulations and experimental data, with accurate prediction of boundary layer thicknesses and strong sensitivities to the rheological properties of the fluid.
Article
Mechanics
Vincenzo Iannotti, Luca Lanotte, Giovanna Tomaiuolo, Giovanni Ausanio, Raffaele Graziano, Luciano Lanotte
Summary: The innovative experimental apparatus is able to directly measure yield stress by analyzing the behavior of the pendulum rotation angle. The study also investigates the time-dependent equilibrium approach, shedding light on the transition from fluid-like to solid-like behavior and potential thixotropic effects in non-Newtonian fluids. The experimental technique shows promise for studying peculiar behaviors in various complex fluids and geodynamic fault sliding.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Raffaele Graziano, Valentina Preziosi, Dario Uva, Giovanna Tomaiuolo, Behzad Mohebbi, Jan Claussen, Stefano Guido
Summary: This study observed the microstructure of neutralized polyacrylic acid (Carbopol) in water using confocal microscopy under both static and flow conditions. It found that under static conditions, a suspension is formed with swollen particles dispersed in a water-rich continuous phase, while under flow conditions, there is a particle-concentrated plug core. By separating the dispersed and continuous phase, evidence of a miscibility gap in the phase behavior of Carbopol in water was provided.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicola Antonio Di Spirito, Shadi Mirzaagha, Ernesto Di Maio, Nino Grizzuti, Rossana Pasquino
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of bubble rupture and hole opening in a non-Newtonian fluid by analyzing the retraction process of thin films after inflation. A new mathematical model is proposed to understand the opening velocity, taking into account various forces such as viscous, elastic, surface, and inertial forces. Experimental results show good agreement between the predicted opening velocity using the proposed model and the actual measurements.
Article
Polymer Science
Vladimir Shelukhin
Summary: The new mathematical model developed for rotational sedimentation of particles in a concentric-cylinder Couette geometry shows good agreement with known measurement data, validating its accuracy. Sedimentation is proven to occur due to particles' rotation and rotational diffusion according to the proposed theory.
Article
Mechanics
Eliane Younes, Michal Himl, Zdenek Stary, Teodor Burghelea
Summary: This study presents an in-situ visualization of the microstructure of a Carbopol gel flowing in a micro-channel using a novel chemical protocol to stain solid material units. By accurately identifying the solid/fluid material units advected by confined microscopic flow, the study reports a full statistical description of their distributions in terms of space and time averages, probability density functions, and space-time correlations for the first time.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Daiane Mieko Iceri, Jorge Luiz Biazussi, Charlie van der Geest, Roney Leon Thompson, Thierry Palermo, Marcelo Souza Castro
Summary: In this study, yield stress measurements were conducted for aqueous solutions with different concentrations of Carbopol and triethanolamine. It was found that triethanolamine concentrations must be higher than 500 ppm to avoid the formation of fungi but below 700 ppm to obtain a homogeneous solution. The yield stress increased with the increment in the concentration of both components. Additionally, the Suspension of Fractal Aggregates (SoFA) model accurately represented the system and showed similarities in dynamics between the aggregate structures.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ambre Bouillant, Pim J. Dekker, Michiel A. Hack, Jacco H. Snoeijer
Summary: This study investigates the rapid spreading dynamics of a viscoelastic drop on a solid. It is found that while the contact line motion is mildly affected by the polymers, the interface profile becomes much sharper due to singular polymer stress. This behavior is similar to that observed for viscoelastic drop coalescence, which sheds light on the spreading of Newtonian liquids.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
N. H. Khan, M. K. Paswan, M. A. Hassan
Summary: The thermorheological measurement of Carbopol Ultrez 20 gel with titanium dioxide nanoparticles is conducted. Rheological data is fitted into the Herschel-Bulkley model to obtain yield stress, consistency factor, and flow behavior index. The parameters show linear and non-linear relationships with temperature and nano-additives respectively. Artificial neural networks outperform the hypothesized correlations in modeling the parameters.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arif Z. Nelson, Jiaxun Xie, Saif A. Khan, Patrick S. Doyle
Summary: Embedded droplet printing is a promising technique for generating and processing droplets within yield-stress fluids, with applications in sensitive processes like pharmaceutical crystallization. While current methods have improved on conventional microfluidic technologies, they are limited to batch processes, reducing overall utility. A new platform enabling continuous production of embedded droplets has been introduced, expanding capabilities and allowing for applications in continuous materials discovery, screening, and manufacturing.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ingen Perser, Ian Alistair Frigaard
Summary: This study examines the long-term performance of a horizontal deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) in intermittent mode. A mathematical model is developed and verified using experimental results to predict the transient heat transfer process within the BHE. The study investigates the effect of various key parameters on the thermal performance of the BHE in both continuous and intermittent modes. The results show that increasing the flow rate of circulating fluid, undisturbed ground temperature, and ground thermal conductivity improves the heat extraction rate.
Article
Mechanics
Ali Pourzahedi, Emad Chaparian, Ali Roustaei, Ian A. Frigaard
Summary: In this study, computational methods were used to determine the minimum yield stress required to hold a buoyant bubble static in a yield-stress liquid. The results showed that the static limit is influenced by the bubble shape, surface tension, and the ratio of yield stress to buoyancy stress. The findings highlight the importance of considering these factors when analyzing static bubbles in different geometries and conditions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
K. Zhao, E. W. Tedford, M. Zare, I. A. Frigaard, G. A. Lawrence
Summary: A study found that in a simulated ebullition experiment mimicking lake sediments, rising bubbles form a conduit with velocities faster than traditionally predicted. The bubbles also expel water and upon escape, water flows back into the conduit. This process enhances the transport of heat and contaminants between aquatic sediments and water.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Renteria, P. Sarmadi, C. Thompson, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: The study explores the impact of borehole ovalization and large-scale irregularities on displacement during primary cementing of a horizontal well section. Using a two-dimensional gap-averaged model, the research found that irregularities can lead to additional azimuthal flow compared to uniformly circular wellbores, with displacement leaving residual mud patches at the top of eccentric horizontal wellbores when the displaced mud has a significant yield stress.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
H. Jung, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: This paper explores how variations in common cementing practices can improve displacement efficiency, such as using excess cement volume, increasing centralizer usage, and performing staged cement. Optimizing these methods can enhance the displacement efficiency of cement in the cementing process.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Rodrigo S. Mitishita, Gwynn J. Elfring, Ian A. Frigaard
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the behavior of a wormlike micellar solution that forms a gel at room temperature in turbulent flow and compares it with other fluids. The results show that the gel-like structure of the solution is mostly broken down during turbulence, low concentrations of surfactant exhibit Newtonian-like flow field, and high concentrations lead to drag reduction and lower power spectral densities.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
P. Sarmadi, A. Renteria, C. Thompson, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: This study explores the effects of borehole geometry on displacement flow in primary cementing. The analysis shows that borehole geometry can be reconstructed using the lowest 3-5 dominant frequencies, and that irregularities in the borehole can make a significant difference in cementing horizontal wells.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Paul Vigneaux, Yajian Shao, Ian A. Frigaard
Summary: With the excavation of underground spaces increasing, the mining industry has developed various techniques for refilling these voids. One of them is cemented paste backfill (CBP), which involves mixing tailings with water and a binder. This paper examines the use of a simplified thin-film model to describe the evolution of the paste shape within the stope. Mathematical challenges include incorporating the yield stress behavior of the paste and handling the walls consistently. The simulations are compared with physical experiments using realistic tailings pastes, and good agreement is found.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Rodrigo S. Mitishita, Gwynn J. Elfring, Ian. A. Frigaard
Summary: In this study, the effects of flexible and rigid polymer solutions on turbulent drag reduction in a 2:1 aspect ratio rectangular duct were investigated experimentally. The results showed that both xanthan gum (XG) and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) had similar effects on turbulence at similar Reynolds numbers and drag reduction percentages. At high drag reduction levels, the power spectral densities of streamwise velocity fluctuations exhibited a power-law decay near -3, indicating the presence of elasto-inertial turbulence (EIT). Additionally, the flexible polymer solutions were found to be more effective at reducing drag at relatively low concentrations compared to XG.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
M. Daneshi, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: Experiments are conducted to investigate the onset of motion of bubbles in Carbopol gel, a model yield stress fluid. The results show that the shape and size of bubbles at the onset of motion are related to the rheology of the material, particularly elastic behavior below the yielding point. The dynamic response of the gel during bubble growth is studied, confirming the irreversibility of gel deformation and its hysteresis before yielding. The expansion and contraction of bubbles during this process leave residual deformation (stresses) in the gel, facilitating the liberation of bubbles.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
R. Zhang, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: In this study, Newtonian laminar miscible displacement flows in a narrow, vertical, eccentric annulus are investigated through experiments and computational models. The results are compared using different approaches, and close matches are found in terms of the overall evolving displacement process, including front shape, dispersion levels, and front velocities. Standardized criteria are established to identify the characteristics of displacement fronts in both concentric and eccentric annuli. Three characteristic flows are observed, including unsteady and dispersive flow, dispersive flow with a steady front, and non-dispersive flow with a steady front. The importance of the buoyancy number is highlighted, as it affects dispersion on the annular gap scale and induces secondary flows in the azimuthal direction.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
H. Hassanzadeh, I. A. Frigaard, S. M. Taghavi
Summary: In this experimental study, we investigate the dynamics of a jet flow in a mixture of a Newtonian fluid and a viscoplastic ambient fluid. By using various non-intrusive experimental techniques, we identify four distinct jet flow patterns and compare their morphological behavior, jet radius, velocity profile, and other characteristics. Our results demonstrate that increasing the yield stress of the ambient fluid has a significant impact on the jet flow behavior.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
E. Trudel, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: This article investigates the factors affecting wellbore leakage, including the height of the cement column, over-pressured hydrocarbon bearing formation intersection, and the use of squeeze cementing. The results show that these operational factors have significant effects on leakage, suggesting the use of stochastic-based models for risk-based plug and abandonment practices. The heterogeneity of microannulus thickness also has surprising effects on leakage behavior.
GEOENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Renteria, I. A. Frigaard
Summary: Results from an experimental study on displacement flows in an eccentric horizontal annulus are presented. The study reveals that having a viscosity stable configuration leads to better displacements. However, the effective viscosity ratio between fluids can vary at different locations and flow rates. Casing rotation is effective at improving the displacement, but poor displacement from the annulus walls is observed in the case of adverse viscosity ratios.
GEOENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alondra Renteria, Pouya Khalili, Ian Frigaard, Mahmoud Khalifeh
Summary: The substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by geopolymer materials has the potential to reduce carbon footprint and provide more flexibility and durability in sealing oil and gas wells. However, geopolymer materials have chemical incompatibilities with commonly used drilling muds. This study presents a case study on designing compatible spacers for sealing wellbores with geopolymer, using 2D-gap averaged simulations to ensure minimal mud-geopolymer contamination and optimize displacement efficiency.
GEOENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Mateus C. Guimaraes, Fernando T. Pinho, Carlos B. da Silva
Summary: A new theory is proposed to describe the conformation state of polymer chains in free turbulent shear flows of viscoelastic fluids. The theory shows the existence of minimum and maximum solvent dissipation reduction asymptotes and four different polymer deformation regimes, based on self-similarity arguments and new scaling relations for the turbulent flux of conformation tensor. In addition, analytical solutions for the self-similar transverse profiles of the conformation tensor components are obtained. The theory is validated through excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations employing the FENE-P rheological model.
JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS
(2024)