Article
Immunology
Protim Sarker, Evana Akhtar, Rakib Ullah Kuddusi, Mohammed Mamun Alam, Md Ahsanul Haq, Md Biplob Hosen, Bikash Chandra Chanda, Farjana Haque, Muntasir Alam, Abdur Razzaque, Mustafizur Rahman, Faruque Ahmed, Md Golam Kibria, Mohammed Zahirul Islam, Shehlina Ahmed, Rubhana Raqib
Summary: This study investigated the immune response of the Bangladeshi population to four different COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that mRNA vaccines generated a higher antibody response, while different vaccine types had differential cellular responses.
Article
Immunology
Carlos U. Torres-Estrella, Maria del Rocio Reyes-Montes, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, Monica Sierra Martinez, Maria Guadalupe Frias-De-Leon, Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
Summary: This paper describes the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development and production, and proposes ideas for future research. The paper also discusses the immune effects of vaccination in different populations and the role of Mexico in managing the vaccination process.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of vaccination and prior infection on severe Covid-19, and proposes future research directions.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah E. Wheeler, Galina Shurin, Mary Yost, Adam Anderson, Lisa Pinto, Alan Wells, Michael R. Shurin
Summary: Understanding the development and duration of virus-specific antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination is important for controlling the pandemic. Postvaccination antibody testing can help in monitoring individuals after vaccination and selecting those who may require additional doses or not need vaccination.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haneen Imad Abufares, Leen Oyoun Alsoud, Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah, Mohd Shara, Nelson C. Soares, Karem H. Alzoubi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Yasser Bustanji, Sameh S. M. Soliman, Mohammad H. Semreen
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global crises, and the development of vaccines has become a collaborative effort worldwide. WHO-approved vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective, enhancing immune response and reducing the risk of infection. However, the type of vaccine and individual health status have significant impacts on immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Josef Singer, Nguyen-Son Le, Daniel Mattes, Valerie Klamminger, Klaus Hackner, Nicole Kolinsky, Michaela Scherb, Peter Errhalt, Gudrun Kreye, Martin Pecherstorfer, Sonia Vallet, Klaus Podar
Summary: Vaccination is the primary public health strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, with solid tumor and hematologic patients being at higher risk of severe complications. Data on immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines in these patients are scarce. Complete vaccination is a valuable predictor for high anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in these vulnerable patient groups.
Article
Virology
Xuan Yi, Yuhao Wang, Quanrun Li, Xiaoyi Li, Panli Zhang, Xin Fu, Shuqin Gu, Daqian Zhang, Xiaoyi Liu, Haonan Lou, Yuemei Wu, Libo Tang, Jinlin Hou, Yongyin Li
Summary: Individuals with a recent common cold coronavirus infection, which provides pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, experience a milder course of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-existing immunity and the immune response induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. The researchers analyzed 31 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated vaccines and found that the vaccine-induced T cell responses, rather than neutralizing antibodies, correlated closely with pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These findings contribute to a better understanding of inactivated-vaccine-induced immunity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosanna W. Peeling, David L. Heymann, Yik-Ying Teo, Patricia J. Garcia
Summary: Diagnostics play a crucial role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular tests like PCR are recommended for confirming diagnosis in symptomatic individuals, while antigen rapid detection tests have the advantage of being easier to perform with faster results and lower cost. Antibody tests can inform public policy but should not be used as proof of immunity. All three types of tests continue to be important in transitioning from pandemic response to control.
Article
Immunology
Fawzi Ebrahim, Salah Tabal, Yosra Lamami, Inas M. Alhudiri, Salah Edin El Meshri, Samira Al Dwigen, Ramadan Arfa, Asma Alboeshi, Hafsa A. Alemam, Fauzia Abuhtna, Rabeeah Altrhouni, Mohamed B. Milad, Nada A. Elgriw, Mahmoud A. Ruaua, Zakarya Abusrewil, Warda Harroush, Mwada Jallul, Fouziyah S. Ali, Farag Eltaib, Adam Elzagheid
Summary: This study evaluated the level and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recovered, naive, and vaccinated individuals. Vaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19 had higher levels of antibodies. Antibody titers in recovered and naive vaccinees persisted beyond 20 weeks. Adenoviral-vector vaccines generated higher antibody titers than killed virus vaccines. A significant number of asymptomatic unvaccinated individuals also developed virus-specific antibodies. A single vaccine dose may provide greater protection for individuals with prior infection.
Article
Immunology
Shaojun Liu, Joseph G. S. Tsun, Genevieve P. G. Fung, Grace C. Y. Lui, Kathy Y. Y. Chan, Paul K. S. Chan, Renee W. Y. Chan
Summary: This study compared the effect of a booster vaccine in inducing mucosal and serological antibody between Covid-19 recovered patients and vaccine-only subjects. The results showed that the booster expanded the nasal antibody levels in recovered patients and improved the inhibition against the BA.1 variant and ancestral SARS-CoV-2. The nasal antibodies induced by natural infection lasted longer than those induced by vaccines, while both groups maintained high levels of plasma antibodies for at least 21 weeks after booster.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hassan Alkharaan, Hatem Al-Qarni, Muath A. Aldosari, Mohammed Alsaloum, Ghada Aldakheel, Mohammed W. Alenazi, Naif Khalaf Alharbi
Summary: Little is known about the salivary mucosal immune response to different types of COVID-19 vaccines or after a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Salivary IgG antibody responses were measured in vaccinated individuals, and it was found that different vaccine types and regimens elicit similar levels of salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with modest waning over time. Boosting with the BNT162b2 vaccine did not significantly increase mucosal IgG response, highlighting the need for developing oral or intra-nasal vaccines for stronger mucosal immunity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zeli Zhang, Jose Mateus, Camila H. Coelho, Jennifer M. Dan, Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Rosa Isela Galvez, Fernanda H. Cortes, Alba Grifoni, Alison Tarke, James Chang, E. Alexandar Escarrega, Christina Kim, Benjamin Goodwin, Nathaniel Bloom, April Frazier, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Shane Crotty
Summary: Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have successfully protected against symptomatic cases and deaths. Comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to different vaccines can provide insights into protective immunity against COVID-19, particularly immune memory. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced strong T cell responses, while mRNA vaccines showed substantial declines in antibodies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This review evaluates the use of adenovirus vector platforms in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, but never on such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ad encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be effective against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexa J. Roeder, Megan A. Koehler, Paniz Jasbi, Davis McKechnie, John Vanderhoof, Baylee A. Edwards, Maria J. Gonzalez-Moa, Alim Seit-Nebi, Sergei A. Svarovsky, Douglas F. Lake
Summary: A third dose of mRNA vaccine elicits higher and more durable neutralizing antibody titers than the second dose, independent of manufacturer, sex, and age. Vaccinated individuals can be categorized as strong, moderate, and poorly neutralizing responders. Neutralizing antibody levels sufficient for protection from early SARS-CoV-2 variants were not protective against Omicron infection and disease. This study highlights the need for accessible vaccine response monitoring to inform vaccination decisions.
Article
Virology
Maria Nikolova, Yana Todorova, Radoslava Emilova, Iva Trifonova, Teodora Gladnishka, Nina Petrova-Yancheva, Tatyana Chervenyakova, Elena Dragusheva, Georgi Popov, Iva Christova
Summary: Installing efficient protective immunity by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is the only current means to overcome coronavirus disease 2019 pandemics. The study showed that both mRNA and vector vaccines induced potent and comparable humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. The number of vaccine doses and age of the participants had an impact on the level and longevity of protection provided by the vaccines.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Janet L. Cunningham, Johan Virhammar, Bengt Ronnberg, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Linda Kolstad, Bo Albinsson, Eva Kumlien, Anja Naas, Andrea Klang, Gabriel Westman, Henrik Zetterberg, Robert Frithiof, Ake Lundkvist, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Elham Rostami
Summary: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and neurological symptoms have immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and the levels of IgG are associated with disease severity. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies have the highest predictive value for central nervous system damage markers.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Xaquin Castro Dopico, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Summary: This article reports on the impact of genetic traits on the specificity and breadth of antiviral antibody epitopes in the immune response, revealing the influence of genes on target selection of B cells during viral infections.
Article
Immunology
Pradeepa Pushparaj, Andrea Nicoletto, Daniel J. Sheward, Hrishikesh Das, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Laura Perez Vidakovics, Leo Hanke, Mark Chernyshev, Sanjana Narang, Sungyong Kim, Julian Fischbach, Simon Ekstrom, Gerald McInerney, B. Martin Hallberg, Ben Murrell, Martin Corcoran, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Summary: The IGH locus exhibits high levels of polymorphism and structural variation, which can influence individual responses to infection and vaccination. In this study, we isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific monoclonal antibodies and focused on the IGHV1-69 gene, which has the highest allelic variation. Our results showed that the function of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be influenced by polymorphisms in IGH genes, specifically the IGHV1-69 gene.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Remes, Anas Khawaja, Sarah F. Pearce, Adam M. Dinan, Shreekara Gopalakrishna, Miriam Cipullo, Vasileios Kyriakidis, Jingdian Zhang, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Olessya Yukhnovets, Ilian Atanassov, Andrew E. Firth, Barry Cooperman, Joanna Rorbach
Summary: The detailed mechanism of mitochondrial translation in human mitochondria remains unclear. This study reveals that leaderless mRNA transcripts can be directly loaded onto assembled 55S mitochondrial ribosomes in human mitochondria, but not onto the small subunit, and this process requires initiator fMet-tRNA(Met) binding. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that mtIF3 is not involved in translation of leaderless mitochondrial transcripts but is essential for translation of ATP6 in the bicistronic ATP8/ATP6 transcript. These findings provide insights into the evolutionary divergence of mitochondrial translation and enhance our understanding of a critical process in eukaryotic metabolism.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Klara Lenart, Fredrika Hellgren, Sebastian Ols, Xianglei Yan, Alberto Cagigi, Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira, Inga Winge, Jakub Hanczak, Stefan O. Mueller, Edith Jasny, Kim Schwendt, Susanne Rauch, Benjamin Petsch, Karin Lore
Summary: A study on rhesus macaques investigated the immune response to three doses of CureVac's CVnCoV vaccine. The results showed that the third dose significantly increased the levels of S-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies, and enhanced immune responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The improved binding affinity of serum antibodies correlated with higher somatic hypermutation in S-specific B cells, indicating that the third dose can enhance antibody affinity and breadth.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianglei Yan, Sebastian Ols, Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira, Klara Lenart, Fredrika Hellgren, Kewei Ye, Alberto Cagigi, Marcus Buggert, Falk Nimmerjahn, Jesper Falkesgaard Hojen, Daniel Parera, Ulrich Pessara, Stephan Fischer, Karin Lore
Summary: Targeting CD40 with agonistic antibodies can stimulate immune responses and be used as vaccine adjuvants or for cancer immunotherapy. A specific agonistic anti-human CD40 monoclonal IgG1 antibody (MAB273) lacking Fc gamma-receptor binding was introduced. MAB273 rapidly bound to B cells and dendritic cells, resulting in activation in vitro and in vivo. It enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses and could be a promising immunostimulatory adjuvant for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccination strategies.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yu, Afandi Charles, Alberto Cagigi, Wanda Christ, Bjoern osterberg, Sara Falck-Jones, Lida Azizmohammadi, Eric ahlberg, Ryan Falck-Jones, Julia Svensson, Mu Nie, Anna Warnqvist, Fredrika Hellgren, Klara Lenart, Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira, Sebastian Ols, Gustaf Lindgren, Ang Lin, Holden Maecker, Max Bell, Niclas Johansson, Jan Albert, Christopher Sundling, Paulo Czarnewski, Jonas Klingstroem, Anna Faernert, Karin Lore, Anna Smed-Soerensen
Summary: Effective humoral immune responses require well-coordinated interactions between B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. This study found that during COVID-19 infection, the number of SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells expands with disease severity. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific cTfh cells correlates with plasmablast frequencies and the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, the development of virus-specific cTfh cells is delayed in patients with severe disease, leading to delayed induction of high-avidity neutralizing antibodies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fredrika Hellgren, Alberto Cagigi, Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira, Sebastian Ols, Theresa Kern, Ang Lin, Bengt Eriksson, Michael G. Dodds, Edith Jasny, Kim Schwendt, Conrad Freuling, Thomas Mueller, Martin Corcoran, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Benjamin Petsch, Karin Lore
Summary: Using unmodified mRNA vaccine encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein can induce a stronger immune response, generate higher levels of neutralizing antibodies, and has the potential to develop a broadly protective vaccine against related lyssavirus strains.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tim Schulte, Marc D. Panas, Xiao Han, Lucy Williams, Nancy Kedersha, Jonas Simon Fleck, Timothy J. C. Tan, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Anders Olsson, Ainhoa Moliner Morro, Leo Hanke, Johan Nilvebrant, Kim Anh Giang, Per-Ake Nygren, Paul Anderson, Adnane Achour, Gerald M. McInerney
Summary: G3BP is a central node in stress granules (SGs), forming stress-induced protein-RNA interaction networks. Caprin-1 and USP10, SG-associated proteins, bind exclusively to the NTF2 domain of G3BP1 and either promote or inhibit SG formation. The crystal structure of G3BP1-NTF2 in complex with a Caprin-1-derived short linear motif (SLiM) is presented, revealing additional binding sites outside those covered by USP10. The destabilization of G3BP1-NTF2 at acidic pH is counterbalanced by USP10 better than Caprin-1, suggesting a potential role of USP10 in preventing G3BP1 from entering condensates.
Article
Immunology
Xaquin Castro Dopico, Marco Mandolesi, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Summary: Immunoglobulin (IG) genes encoding B cell receptors (BCRs) are crucial for the immune system in recognizing diverse antigens and generating antibody responses. Understanding the impact of IG genetic diversity on host traits, disease susceptibility, and antibody recall responses is of great interest. Studying IG genetics can help decipher preferences for IG gene or allele usage and improve our understanding of antibody responses at the population level.
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pradeepa Pushparaj, Andrea Nicoletto, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Daniel J. Sheward, Sungyong Kim, Simon Ekstrom, Ben Murrell, Martin Corcoran, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Summary: The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 displays biased usage of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes, allowing for the identification of genetic signatures for neutralizing antibodies. This study focuses on the IGHV3-30 gene group and an ultrapotent neutralizing monoclonal antibody, CAB-F52, that utilizes IGHV3-30-3. It is found that individuals lacking the IGHV3-30-3 gene may have functional redundancy with highly similar IGHV3-30 genes. This suggests the importance of understanding the genetic variations in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xaquin Castro Dopico, Sandra Muschiol, Nastasiya F. Grinberg, Soo Aleman, Daniel J. Sheward, Leo Hanke, Marcus Ahl, Linnea Vikstrom, Mattias Forsell, Jonathan M. Coquet, Gerald McInerney, Joakim Dillner, Gordana Bogdanovic, Ben Murrell, Jan Albert, Chris Wallace, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Summary: This study aimed to improve population-level measures of seropositivity for emerging pathogens. By using probabilistic learners to evaluate unknown samples, more accurate estimates of likelihood of seropositivity were provided.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)